毕业设计(论文)——汽车座椅舒适度研究

沈阳建筑大学

毕业论文

毕 业 论 文 题 目 汽车座椅舒适度研究 系 专业班级 交通与机械工程学院交通运输10-1班

学 生 姓 名 隋晓丹 性别 女 指 导 教 师 宋小艳 职称 助教

2014 年 5 月 23 日

摘要

汽车已经在人们的生活中越来越普及，安全、舒适、方便是现代汽车设计所追求的最优目标。汽车座椅是汽车的重要组成部分，它直接关系到乘员驾乘的安全、舒适和工作效率。为解决现代汽车座椅传统的经验设计方法中对舒适性分析的不足，本文以人机工程学的理论为基础，结合计算机技术，对汽车座椅的动态、静态舒适性和评价进行了综合分析和深入研究，为座椅和其它类似机械的舒适性设计和检验提出了一些新的思路。研究结果对于提高中国汽车座椅的设计水平具有重要的指导意义，并可以广泛应用于其它座椅的舒适性设计。

本文概述了人体承受全身振动的舒适性评价方法，并建立了汽车人-座椅系统的三自由度模型，针对特定汽车的地板输入谱特性，运用Matlab进行仿真研究该模型的动态特性，合理设计座椅的动力学参数，结合ISO 2631对模型进行人体振动舒适性的定量评价。将人体H点是汽车驾驶室设计的基准点，将坐姿舒适性要求与坐姿角度相结合，建立人体坐姿杆系模型和数学模型。

另外，正负刚度并联弹簧作为一种新型非线性被动控制减振元件，对提高汽车舒适性具有重要意义。本文基于正负刚度并联相消原理设计了新型汽车座椅弹性元件,并建立了其力学及数学模型进行分析。基于人机工程学原理和脊柱测量数据，研究舒适性汽车座椅的结构设计和适合我国人体测量的座椅结构尺寸，为舒适性座椅的设计提供了一种有效的手段。

关键词：舒适性；隔振；H点；人机工程学

Abstract

Vehicles are becoming more and more popular in people’s daily life. Safety, comfort and efficiency are the main objective of directly guarantee the driver’s safety, comfort and work efficiency. In order to overcome the deficiency of traditional experiential design method for vehicle seat in comfort. Ergonomics theory is used in this thesis, with the help of computer technology, the dynamic, static comfort and evaluation index are explored based on the characteristics of vehicle seat. In this thesis, some new conceptions about comfort design and testing are suggested, which will be beneficial for the design of a vehicle seat. The contents of this study include:

This paper summarizes the human body vibration comfort under evaluating methods, and establish the car seat system for certain three dof model car, the floor input spectrum characteristics, using Matlab simulation research this model, the dynamic characteristic of reasonable design of dynamic parameters of the seat, combined with ISO 2631, the model of quantitative evaluation body vibration comfort. Will human H point is the benchmark, automobile cabin design requirements and posture will posture comfort is established by combining the human body Angle of model and sitting stem mathematical model.

In addition, plus or minus stiffness parallel spring as a new nonlinear passive control to improve vibration isolation components, automobile comfort to have the important meaning. Based on the positive and negative stiffness parallel destructively principle designed a new type of car seat elastic components, and established its mechanics and mathematical model is analyzed. Based on the ergonomic principles and spinal measurement data, a study of automobile seating comfort of structural design and suitable for China's anthropometric seat structure size, the design for comfort seats provides an effective means. Key words：Comfort; Vibration isolation; H-Point; Ergonomics

目录

第一章 绪论 ··································································································································· 1 1.1 舒适性 ································································································································ 1 1.1.1 振动舒适性 ···················································································································· 1 1.1.2 静态舒适性 ···················································································································· 2 1.1.3 操作舒适性 ···················································································································· 4 1.2 汽车座椅舒适性研究现状 ································································································ 4 1.2.1 汽车座椅动态模型 ········································································································ 6 1.2.2 汽车座椅静态舒适性 ···································································································· 8 1.3 基于人机工程学的汽车座椅舒适性设计要求 ······························································ 10 1.3.1 合理的体压分布 ·········································································································· 10 1.3.2 维持脊柱正常的生理弯曲 ·························································································· 12 1.3.3 横向振动的抵抗能力 ·································································································· 14 1.4本章小结 ··························································································································· 14 第二章 人体承受振动的舒适性评价 ······················································································· 16 2.1 人体承受振动的分类 ······································································································ 16 2.2 汽车座椅舒适性的主观和客观评价研究 ······································································ 18 2.2.1 人体脊骨生理结构与座椅腰托装置 ·········································································· 19 2.2.2 座椅腰托的客观性评价试验 ······················································································ 20 2.2.3 座椅腰托的主观性评价试验 ······················································································ 22 2.3 人体动态舒适性评价 ······································································································ 24 2.3.1 加权加速度评价法 ······································································································ 24 2.3.2 加速度剂量法 ·············································································································· 25 2.4 本章小结 ·························································································································· 28 第三章 正负刚度并联隔振研究 ······························································································· 29 3.1 正负刚度概念及其载荷变形关系 ·················································································· 29 3.2 正负刚度并联机构隔振原理 ·························································································· 30 3.3 负刚度机构实现 ·············································································································· 31 3.4 正负刚度弹簧并联力学建模与分析 ·············································································· 33 3.5 本章小结 ·························································································································· 36

第四章 汽车座椅的隔振 ············································································································ 37 4.1 汽车座椅振动研究 ·········································································································· 37 4.2 振动理论 ·························································································································· 37 4.2.1 力学模型 ······················································································································ 38 4.2.2 数学模型 ······················································································································ 39 4.2.3 求解方法 ······················································································································ 39 4.3 汽车座椅设计 ·················································································································· 40 4.3.1 汽车座椅舒适性设计 ·································································································· 40 4.3.2 座椅舒适度设计指标 ·································································································· 40 4.3.3 汽车座椅隔振机构设计 ······························································································ 41 4.3.4 汽车座椅舒适度影响因素 ·························································································· 41 4.3.5 汽车座椅舒适性设计的重要性 ·················································································· 42 4.3.6 座椅舒适度的研究方法 ······························································································ 42 4.3.7 预压弹簧设计 ·············································································································· 43 4.4 座椅安全性设计 ·············································································································· 45 第五章 经济技术分析 ················································································································ 47 5.1 汽车座椅行业调研 ·········································································································· 47 5.1.1 数据获取 ······················································································································ 48 5.1.2 舒适性影响因素分析 ·································································································· 48 5.1.3 其它因素对舒适性评价的影响分析 ·········································································· 49 5.2 本章小结 ·························································································································· 52 结论 ················································································································································ 53 参考文献 ······································································································································· 54 谢辞 ················································································································································ 55 附录一 中文译文?????????????????????????????ⅰ 附录二 外文资料原文???????????????????????????ⅱ

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