2017年研究生英语学位课统考真题及答案

2017年研究生英语学位课统考真题：

Part II. Vocabulary ( 10 minutes, 10 points) Section A (0.5 point each)

21. The focus on profitability pushes the systems unreasonably large, rendering them more vulnerable to terrorist attacks.

A declaring B verifying C making D indicating

22. The 8.5-ton Shenzhou III spaceship has been substantially improved in terms of the life-support systems.

A technologically B considerably C structurally D internally

23. According to the American judicial system twelve people constitute a jury. A compose B overthrow C dispose D surpass

24. With so many trivial matters to attend to, he can hardly get down to reading for the test. A participate in B cater to C indulge in D see to

25. The decently dressed son and the humble-looking father formed a striking contrast. A astonishing B humiliating C noticeable D fleeting.

26. Nowadays the prevention against SARS has assumed new significance and attracted much attention.

A carried on B taken on C worked on D embarked on

27. At the economic forum, each speech by a distinguished guest has to be translated simultaneously.

A once in a while B at the same time C in a broad sense D as soon as possible.

28. Studies of the role of positive thinking in our daily lives have yielded interesting results. A specific=definite B active C creative D confident.

29. This training course is intended to improve the competence of English of the staff. A proficiency B grasp C efficiency D competition

30. Students are supposed to set aside enough time for recreations and sports. A set apart B leave out C go about D put up Section B (0.5 point each)

31. Some of the old customs has continued ____ politeness although they are no longer thought about now.

A in the way of B in the eyes of C in the face of D in the form of

32. One of the chief functions of slang words is to consolidate one’s ___ with a group. A identification B specification C introduction D superstition

33. Given the other constitutional grounds elaborated by the justices, the association ____ that schools should continue to test, if they so choose.

A preserve B safeguards B maintains D conserves

34. Finding out information about these universities has become amazingly easy for any one with the Internet ____

A entrance B admission C access D involvement

35. Lack of exercise as well as unhealthy dietary habits can increase the risk of ____ A mobility B morality C maturity D mortality

36. On this bridge many suicide attempts are ____; lives can be saved. A impulsive B responsive C destructive D speculative

37. Abraham Lincoln was born on a small farm where the forests were ____ by wild animals. A resided B inhabited C segregated D exhibited

38. Some teenagers are so crazy about video games as to play them many hours________, if possible.

A on purpose B on hand . C on credit D on end

39. Authorities of wildlife have spent millions of dollars on the protection of nature ____ A reserves B preservatives C conservatives D reservations.

40. The young lady is Mr. Smith’s step-daughter, her ____ parents having died in an accident. A ecological B psychological C physiological D biological Part III. Cloze Test (10 minutes, 1 point each)

No one knows for sure whether the type of tea (you drink) makes a difference in health, but experts say all kinds of teas probably have some health 41 . Each contains high levels of antioxidants (抗氧化剂), 42 affect the process by which oxygen interacts with a substance to change its chemical 43 . But, the way (tea is processed) can change antioxidant levels 44 color and taste.

Green tea is made by picking the leaves and quickly heating them to stop oxidization. Green tea typically has a 45 , fresh taste. Black tea is processed to fully oxidize and ferment (发酵) the leaves and create a stronger taste. Some experts suggest that this 46 some variation in health effects between black and green teas. The more rare white tea is considered the finest of teas because it 47 the youngest buds from the plants, which are still covered with whitish hairs when they’re picked. White and green teas have 48 amount of caffeine. But even black tea contain only about half as much caffeine as coffee.

Herbal teas are something 49 different. They are made from the leaves, flowers or roots of various plants. Herbal teas can vary widely 50 their health effects. 41. A advantages B benefits C merits D profits 42. A where it B that C which D when it

43. A elements B ingredients C fragment D composition 44. A as well as B as it is C as far as D as it were 45. A faint B mild C tender D gentle 46. A joins in B hands in C results in D gives in 47. A composes of B makes out C makes up D consists of 48. A less B the least C more D the most 49. A entirely B inevitably C enormously D irresistibly 50. A in case of B in proportion to C in exchange for D in terms of Part IV Reading Comprehension (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 pint each) Passage One

Singletons, referring to those who live alone, are being comforted by well-meaning friends and family and told that not having a partner is not the end of the world. So, it would seem that they can say, yes, it is not. But no, in fact, it is the end.

A gloomy study has just been released that says that the international trend towards living alone is putting an unprecedented strain on our ecosystem.

For a number of reasons---- relationship breakdown, career choice, longer life spans, smaller families ---- the number of individual households is growing. And this is putting intolerable pressure on natural resources, and accelerating the extinction of endangered plant and animal species. And there is worse news. Running a refrigerator, television, cooker, plumbing system just for selfish little you is a disastrous waste of resources on our over-populated planet. “The efficiency of resource consumption” is a lot higher in households of two people or more, simply because they share everything. Well imagine that . Just when you thought living alone was OK, you would find that all the time you were the enemy of mankind. Every time you put the kettle on the stove for a cup of coffee you were destroying Mother Earth. Indeed, it is not just your mother who is a bit

worried by your continuing single status ---- you are letting down the entire human race by not having a boyfriend or girlfriend. The trouble is that society has a group instinct and people panic and hit out when they see other people quietly rebelling and straying away from the “standard” of family and coupledom.

The suggestion is that singledom should be at best a temporary state. Unless you are assimilated into a larger unit, you can never be fully functional.

Try “communal living.” There are all these illustrations of young attractive people having a “green time,” laughingly bumping into each other. It looks like an episode of the TV series Friends. And the message is clear: Togetherness is good, solitude is bad, and being single on your own is not allowed.

51. Well-meaning friends and family members often tell those who live alone that _____

A they should end their singledom as soon as possible. B they should live together with other singletons.

C singledom is an acceptable life-style. D singledom can shorten one’s life-span.

52. Which of the following may NOT be the reason for the increasing number of households as mentioned in the passage?

A Many people get divorced because of unhappy marriage. B Now people can afford to support a household individually.

C Some people have to sacrifice family life for their careers. D Many people live much longer than before.

53. The author thinks living alone is disastrous mainly because singledom is _________ A harmful to people’s life. B destructive to our ecosystem. C dangerous to plants and animals. D unworkable in our society 54. It is implied in the passage that singletons are usually _______

A self-reliant B self-conscious C self-sufficient D self-centered

55. When seeing others living alone, some people panic because they think singledom is ____ A abnormal B diversified C unimaginable D disgusting 56. The author suggests that singletons should ___________

A find boy friends or girl friends. B live with their parents and other family members.

C live together and share more with their friends. D watch more episodes of the TV series Friends.

Passage Two

In 1999 when MiShel and Carl Meissner decided to have children, they tackled the next big issue; Should they try to have a girl? It was no small matter. MiShel’s brother had become blind from a hereditary condition in his early 20s, and the Meissners had learned that the condition is a disorder passed from mothers to sons. If they had a boy, he would have a 50 percent chance of having the condition. A girl would be unaffected. The British couple’s inquiries about sex selection led them to Virginia, U.S., where a new sperm-separation technique, called MicroSort, was experimental at the time. When MiShel became pregnant she gave birth to a daughter. Now they will try to have a second daughter using the same technique.

The techniques separates sperm into two groups--- those that carry the X-chromosome (染色体) producing a female baby and those that carry the Y-chromosome producing a male baby.

The technology was developed in 1990s, but the opening of laboratory in January 2003 in California marked the company’s first expansion. “We believe the number of people who want this technology is greater than those who have access to it.” Said Keith L. Blauer, the company’s clinical

director.

This is not only a seemingly effective way to select a child’s gender. It also brings a host of ethical and practical considerations ----especially for the majority of families who use the technique for nonmedical reasons.

The clinic offers sex selection for two purposes: to help couples avoid passing on a sex-linked genetic disease and to allow those who already have a child to “balance” their family by having a baby of the opposite sex.

Blaucer said the company has had an impressive success rate: 91 percent of the women who become pregnant after sorting for a girl are successful, while 76 percent who sort for a boy and get pregnant are successful.

The technique separates sperm based on the fact that the X chromosome is larger than the Y chromosome. A machine is used to distinguished the size differences and sort the sperm accordingly.

57. Why did MiShel and Carl decide not to have a boy?

A Because they might give birth to a blind baby. B Because Carl might pass his family’s disease to his son.

C Because the boy might become blind when he grows up. D Because they wanted a daughter to balance their family.

58. When MiShel gave birth to her first girl, the new sperm-separation technique ____

A had already been well-developed. B had not been declared successful. C was available to those who wanted it. D had been widely accepted in the medical world.

59. Which of the following is the author’s primary concern regarding the application of the new technology?

A The expansion of the new technology may not bring profits to the companies. B Most people who use the technology will not have a baby as they want. C The effect of the new technology still needs to be carefully examined.

D Increasing use of the technology may disturb the sex balance in the population 60. According to Mr. Blauer, by using the new technology, ______

A 91% of the women successfully give birth to girls. B 76% of the women get pregnant with boys.

C it is more successful for those who want to have girls. D it is more successful for those who want to have boys.

61. The sperm-separation technique is based on the fact that the chromosomes responsible for babies’ sex_____

A are of different shapes B are of different sizes C can be identified D can be reproduced 62. We can infer from this passage that the new technology_________ A may not guarantee people a daughter or a son as they desire.

B is used by most families for nonmedical reasons. C has brought an insoluble ethical dilemma for mankind.

D will lead to a larger proportional of females in the population. Passage Three

Without question there are plenty of bargains to be had at sales time ----particularly at the top-quality shops whose reputation depends on having only the best and newest goods in stock each season. They tend, for obvious reasons, to be the fashion or seasonal goods which in due course become the biggest bargains.

It is true that some goods are specially brought in for the sales but these too can provide exceptional value. A manufacturer may have the end of a range left in his hands and be glad to sell

the lot off cheaply to shops; or he may have a surplus of a certain material which he is glad to make up and get rid of cheaply; or he may be prepared to produce a special line at low cost merely to keep his employees busy during slack period. He is likely to have a good many “seconds” available and if their defects are trifling these may be particularly good bargains.

Nevertheless, sales do offer a special opportunity for sharp practices and shoppers need to be extra critical. For example the “second” should be clearly marked as such and not sold as if they were perfect. The term “substandard,” incidentally, usually indicates a more serious defect than “seconds.” More serious is the habit of marking the price down from an alleged previous price which is in fact fictitious. Mis-description of this and all other kinds is much practiced by the men who run one-day sales of carpets in church halls and the like. As the sellers leave the district the day after the sale there is little possibility of redress. In advertising sales, shops may say “only 100 left” when in fact they have plenty more; conversely they may say “10,000 at half-price” when only a few are available at such a drastic reduction. If ever the warning “let the buyer beware” were necessary it is during sales.

63. Which kind of goods can be among the best bargains?

A Cheapest goods B Newest goods C Seasonal goods D Goods in stock 64. The second paragraph deals with all of the following types of goods EXCEPT ____

A surplus goods B low-cost goods C the end lot goods D exceptionally valued goods 65. In order to maintain his business during a bad time, a manufacturer may ____

A have his goods produced at low cost. B sell his goods at a very low price. C have his employees sell his goods. D try to produce high quality goods. 66. The passage suggests that “seconds”____________

A are of better quality than “substandard goods” B attract buyers as particularly good bargains.

C are defective but marked as perfect. D are goods with serious defects 67. The word “redress” ( the underlined word in the last paragraph) probably means ____ A dressing again B change of address

C compensation for something wrong. D selling the same product at different prices. 68. During sales shoppers should ____

A find the best bargains at every opportunity. B beware of being cheated.

C buy things that are necessary. D pay more attention to the price. Passage Four

How many of today’s ailment, or even illnesses, are purely psychological? And how far can these be alleviated by the use of drugs? For example a psychiatrist concerned mainly with the emotional problems of old people might improve their state of mind somewhat by the use of anti-depressants but he would not remove the root cause of their depression ----- the feeling of being useless, often unwanted and handicapped by failing physical powers.

One of the most important controversies in medicine today is how far doctors, and particularly psychologists, should depend on the use of drugs for “curing” their patients. It is not merely that drugs may have been insufficiently tested and may reveal harmful side effects as happened in the case of anti-sickness pills prescribed for expectant mothers but the uneasiness of doctor who feel that they are treating the symptoms of a disease without removing the disease itself. On the other hand, some psychiatrists argue that in many cases such as chronic depressive illness it is impossible to get at the root of the illness while the patient is in a depressed state. Even prolonged psychiatric care may have no noticeable effect whereas some people can be lifted out of a depression by the use of drugs within a matter of weeks. These doctors feel not only that they have no right to withhold such treatment, but that the root cause of depression can be tackled better when the patient himself feels better. This controversy is concerned, however, with the serious psychological illnesses. It

does not solve the problem of those whose headaches, indigestion, backache, etc. are due to “nerves”. Commonly a busy family doctor will ascribe them to some physical cause and as a matter of routine prescribe a drug. Once again the symptoms are being cured rather than the disease itself. It may be true to say, as one doctor suggested recently, that over half of the cases that come to the ordinary doctor’s attention are not purely physical ailments. If this is so, the situation is serious indeed.

69. The author thinks that drugs used for treating psychological ills ______

A could be ineffective in some cases. B usually have harmful side effects. C can greatly alleviate the illnesses. D can remove the root causes. 70. The controversy mentioned in the passage focuses on ___ A whether psychologists should use drugs to cure their patients.

B how psychologists should treat their patients. C the fact that all of the drugs have harmful side effects.

D the extent to which drugs should be used to fight psychological illness. 71. The passage indicates that psychologists _____

A find it impossible to remove a psychological disease B feel dissatisfied at treating their patients with drugs.

C believe that the root cause of a disease can be ignored. D can do nothing if the patient is in a depressed state .

72. When treating patients with psychological problems, some doctors feel that they ____ A are at a loss for treatment. B have no right to use drugs.

C have to cure their patients by any means. D should use drugs to treat the symptoms. 73. A family doctor would normally consider a headache or backache as a result of ____

A a more serious disease B some emotional problem. C a physical disorder D prolonged work

74. Regarding the situation of psychological problems the author feels ____ A concerned B hopeless C surprised D disappointed Passage Five

Those who make the rules for financial institution probably should take a modified oath. Their pledge would be: First, do no harm. Second, if the reforms put before me) are unclear, don’t approve them.

Charles Morris may not have intended his new book Money, Greed, and Risk to cast such a dim light on the regulators, but it does. In fact, it may serve as a wake-up call for true believers in our current regulatory structure, most of which was erected in the 1930s and most of which Morris seems to favor, despite the stupid results it has caused.

Morris, a former Chase Manhattan banking executive, outlines in great detail, again and again, how regulators, lawmakers, firms and many of the customers marched straight into mortgage, currency, thrift (互相储蓄) and other investment disasters. His discussion of Regulation Q, an attempt by Congress in the 1960s to rescue ailing savings and loans by regulating interest rates, reveals not only Congressional economic illiteracy, but also the deep harm such foolish thinking can do to the real economy.

After some 260 pages listing the foolish things of Wall Street, regulators and lawmakers, Morris draws some pessimistic conclusions: “One constant in all the crises is that the regulatory responses come only after a crisis hits its peak.” For example, it “took the S&L crisis of the 1980s to bring honest accounting to thrifts, and it wasn’t until the banking sector suffered huge losses in real estate and foreign loans that regulators began to enforce strict capital standards.”

So, what is the point of regulation? Morris, who is excellent at recounting tales of regulation gone

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