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38．The author’s attitude toward the American type of friendship seems to be____
A．approving B．critical C．biased D．objective 39．According to the author，stereotypes concerning male-female Parents only have so much time，attention，and money．The
more kids they have the more these things are divided．First-borns initially get the entire parental-time pie．What’s more，the
relationships involving U．S．and foreign students are____ A．helpful B．meaning less C．harmful D．useless 40．According to the author，stereotypes seem unavoidable because____
A．it is natural to have them B．it is easy to find exceptions C．they provide better understanding D．they contribute to friendship Passage Three
In The Birth Order Book：Why You Are the Way You Are(2004)，Dr．Kevin Leman notes that
21 of the first 23 Americans in space were first-born males or only children．More than half of
United States presidents have been first-borns or first-born boys．Its a pretty significant finding
historically，because families used to be bigger than they are today．
In addition to being high achievers，older children also generally have higher IQs(智商)than younger ones．Researchers have noted that the more kids a family has，the lower each child’s
individual IQ tends to be．They give a few reasons for this．
ratio of grown-ups to kids decreases with each new baby．So the younger ones are surrounded by
more children’s language on average than the older kids． Some researchers think parental attention is the key to personality birth-order differences．In
His book Born to Rebel，psychologist Frank Sulloway says competition for Mom and Dad’s
attention is the thing that really shapes our personalities and，in fact has shaped history．He argues
that we adapt our personalities as part of our strategy to seek favor from Mom and Dad．Younger
siblings(兄弟姐妹) tend to become rebels．Sulloway studied political activists and found that
later-born activists were more radical than their first-born peers．
The conclusion of his book is that sibling competition for parental attention can affect society as a whole in times of revolution．Thomas Jefferson，Karl Marx，and Fidel Castro were all younger siblings，for example． As compelling as this all is，it’s also something we should probably take with caution，there
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are other things that happen to us in life besides the addition B．Children’s language． of siblings to our families．A parent
can die；a hurricane can leave us homeless；we can catch a life-threatening disease．Any one of
these things will probably have more of an effect on our personalities than the presenon of siblings．
A 2002 study bore this out．After interviewing 535 undergraduates，researchers concluded that personality differences were widely supported by research． 41．What is implied by“the younger ones are surrounded by more children’s language on average than the older kids”(Para．3) A．Younger children need parental rather than siblings’ attention．
B．Younger children need siblings’ rather than parental attention．
C．Younger children feel uncomfortable with more siblings． D．Younger children have less chance to talk with their parents． 42．Sulloway，author of Born to Rebel，suggests that younger siblings____
A．try hard to get attention from their parents B．are less likely to shape history
C．are winners in getting parental attention D．seldom adapt their personalities
43．Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a factor shaping personality?
A．Death of a parent．
C．A natural disaster． D．A fatal discase．
44．What is the meaning of“folklore”in the last paragraph? A．Traditional customs and beliefs． B．Verified hypotheses．
C．Widely held unsupported notions． D．Tales of sayings preserved orally．
45．Which of the following statements is proposed by researchers?
A．Later-borns do not compete for attention． B．First-borns tend to become rebels． C．Later-borns are prone to diseases．
D．First-borns achieve more than younger ones． Passage Four
Does money buy happiness? It’s sometimes said that scientists have found no relationship between money and happiness，but that’s myth，says Uiversity of Illinois psychologist Ed Diener．
The connection is complex．In fact，very rich people rate substantially higher in satisfaction with life than very poor people do，even within wealthy nations，he says“There is overwhelming evidence that money buys happiness．”The main debate，he said，is how strong the effect is．
Oswald recently reported a study of Britons who won between ＄2000 and ＄250000 in a lottery(彩票拍奖) ．As a group，they showed a boost in happiness averaging a bit more than one point
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on a 36-point scale when surveyed two years after their win，compared to their levels two years before they won．
Daniel Kahnman，a Nobel-Prize winner and Princeton economist，and colleagues，recently declared that the notion that making a lot of money will produce good overall mood is“mostly illusory” ．They noted that in one study，members of the high-income group were almost twice as likely to call themselves“very happy”as people from households with incomes below ＄20000．But other studiex，rather than asking for a summary estimate of happiness，follow people through the day and repeatedly record their feeling．These studies show less effect of income on happiness．Kahneman and colleagues said． There is still another twist to the money-happiness stroy．Even though people who make＄150000 are considerably happier than those who make ＄40000，It’s not clear why，says psychologist Richard E．Lucas of Michigan Sate University．
Researchers conclude that any effect of money on happiness is smaller than most daydreamers assume．“People exaggerate how much happiness is bought by an extra few thousand，”Oswald said，“The quality of relationships has a far bigger effect than quite large rises in salary．It’s much better advice，if you’re looking for happiness in life，to try to find the right husband or wife than to try to double your salary．” 46．The main purpose of this passage is to discuss____
A．the contributions of household incomes to happiness B．the complex relationship between money and happiness C．the positive relationship between money and happiness
D．the negative relations of money to happiness 47．Andrew Oswald’s study____
A．proves money has little effect on happiness B．given evidence that money buys happiness
C．rejects the relation between money buys happiness 48．The word“illusory”(Para．4)is closest in meaning to“____” A．dramatic B．ordinary C．drastic D．imaginary 49．According to Lucas，richer people’s happiness____ A．comes form their high income
B．may not be directly related to their high income C．is boosted by their high income
D．is not derived from their high income
50．According to Oswald，a more important factor in bringing about happiness may be good____
A．health B．feelings C．marriage D．salaries Passage Five
When Frank Date took over as publisher of Los Angeles Herrald-Examiner，the organization
had just ended a ten-year strike．There was much bitterness and，as he told us．“Everybody that I found there had lost their curiosity，they’d lost their cutting edge，there was no interest，they just
hung on?I had a real problem．”His very first task was to introduce himself to everybody，to
thank them for their loyalty to that point，and to allow them to express their concerns and
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frustrations．To questions like“What makes you think you can make this thing go?”he
responded，“I don’t know yet，but in thirty days I’ll come 51．What was Frank Date’s problem when he became the publisher of Los Angeles Herrald-Examiner?
A．He had lost interest in his publishing career
back to you and let you know what I’ve
found．”He recruited a task force of the best people from throughour the Hearst Corporation to do
a crash study，and in thirty days he had a written report on what needed to be done，which he
shared with te staff．He had taken the all-important first to steps to establish
mutual trust，without
which leadership would not have been possible．
Trust is the emotional glue that binds followers and leaders together．The accumulation of
trust is a measure of the legitimacy of leadership．It cannot be demanded or purchased；it must be
carned．Trust is the basic ingredient of all organizations，the lubrication that maintains the
organization，and it is as mysterious and difficult a concept as leadership-and as important．
One thing we can say for sure about trust is that if trust is to be generated，there must be predictability，the capacity to predict another’s behavior．Another way of putting it is to say that organizations without trust would resemble the ambiguous nightmare of Kafka’s The Castle，where nothing can be certain and nobody can be relied on or be held
responsible．The ability to predict outcomes with s high probability of success generates and maintaining trust．
B．He found it hard to introduce himself to everyone
C．Los Angeles Herrald-Examiner was in extreme difficulty D．Los Angeles Herrald-Examiner was on a ten-year strike． 52．What was the result of Frank Dale’s first steps? A．Mutual trust was established． B．Efficiency was improved． C．A task force was recruited． D．His promises were fulfilled．
53．According to the author，how could trust be established? A．By economic means．
B．By legitimate measures． C．By authoritative command． D．By effort or action．
54．What does the another think about trust? A．It is hard to accumulate
B．It can make organizations go． C．It can help establish authority． D．It is relatively easy to acquire．
55．For what purpose is Kafka’s The Castle mentioned? A．To show people’s behaviors are predictable． B．To describe the nightmare of the story． C．To demonstrate the importance of trust． D．To prove no one can be relied on． Part IV Cloze
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The process of gaining or losing weight can be explained by comparing your body to your car．Both run__56__fuel，food for your body and gasoline for your car．Both__57__that fuel，first into heat，then energy，some of__58__is used to do work，and some emitted as waste．And__59__your car uses more energy 62．A．however B．therefore C．moreover D．likewise 63．A．everything B．nothing C．something D．anything 64．A．filled B．wasted C．saved D．consumed 65．A．useless B．enough C．excess D．extensive 66．A．half B．completely C．almost D．hardly when the engine is racing than when it is idling，__60__dies your body use more energy when you are working hard than__61__you are resting ．
For the purpose of this comparison，__62__，there is one significant difference between them．Your car cannot store fuel by turning it into__63__else；all gasoline not__64__remains as gasoline．But your body storks__65__energy as fat．When the gas tank is__66__empty，the car won’t run；but your body can burn fat to provide more enery．
Therefore，if you want to gain weight，you must do__67__of two things：eat more calories(units of heat，therefore energy)，or use less through__68__．If you want to lose weight，you do the__69__，decrease your intake of calories or increase the amount of energy you spend．There is__70__way．Gaining or losing weight is always a relation between intake and output of potential energy．
56．A．in B．on C．for D．against 57．A．convert B．use C．for D．burn 58．A．what B．which C．it D．them
59．A．whereas B．although C．just because D．just as 60．A．as B．so C．why D．how
61．A．that B．since &nsp; C．when D．where
67．A．any B．both C．either D．neither
68．A．inactivity B．inattention C．cycling D．jogging 69．A．reverse B．relevant C．different D．same 70．A．not any B．no other C．another D．some Part V Error Detection（ABCD自己标吧）
71．It is becoming far less common than it was used to be for children to follow in their fathers’ footsteps．
72．No matter poor one may be，one can always find something to be thankful for．
73．At no time in the history of mankind women have greater opportunities for following careers than they have now． 74．Admirers of American ballet has claimed that its stars can dance as well as or even better then the best of the Russian artists．
75．Scientists created a brainy，four-legged robot resemble a starfish that can sense damage to its body，and think up a way to
recover．
76．We are at a critical point in our nation’s history and we cannot go back as individuals
or as a country to what we were ten，five or even one year earlier．
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