大学英语四级语法
汇编手册
四级考试必看语法
目 录
2015年新四级语法结构与词汇考查内容说明????????????3 一、动词(时态,语态,用法,省略,一致性等) ????????????4 二、 非谓语动词????????????????????????8 三、 虚拟语气?????????????????????????16 四、 介词???????????????????????????18 五、 连词???????????????????????????20 六、 定语从句?????????????????????????20 七、 倒装???????????????????????????23 八、 比较级和最高级??????????????????????24 九、 名词性从句: 名词性从句包括主语从句, 宾语从句, 表语从句, 同位语从句?????????????????????????????25 十、 情态动词?????????????????????????27 十一、四六级考试高频短语及搭配????????????????28
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2015年新四级语法结构与词汇考查内容
四级考试对语法词汇的考查与《大纲》要求是十分一致的。综观近年来的四级考试题，我们不难发现四级考试语法词汇部分是这样体现《大纲》的。 1.语法考题的涉及面宽
近年考题曾经考到：几乎所有词类，三种动词的非谓语形式，名词从句，形容词从句，副词从句，独立主格，一致，倒装，强调等基本语法知识。 2.语法考试的重点突出
语法考试的重点为内容庞杂较难掌握的项目，这些项目还反复出现如：虚拟语气，状语从句，定语从句，独立主格，情态动词。 3.具体考查重点为以上项目中的特殊用法 1）虚拟语气的考点为：
would rather+ that+一般过去时；It is vital /necessary /important /urgent /imperative /desirable /advisable/ natural /essential + that + do；It is time /about time / high time +that + 一般过去时；proposal /suggestion +that do；lest that should +do；if only that would do. 2）状语从句的考点为：
if引导的条件状语从句，此类句子多用at times，provided，so long as，in case，once等来替代if；由even if/so，now that，for all等引导的让步状语从句；Just/hardly?when引导的时间状语从句；more than，as?as，not so much as，the same as，as much as等引导的比较状语从句。
3）独立主格结构多以逻辑主语＋分词的形式出现。 4）情态动词多与完成时态形式连用。
5）定语从句重点考查介词＋关系代词which和as作为关系代词。 4.词汇的考查重点
1）动词，名词与介词的搭配
如：popular / patient with；yield/solution/adapt/ transfer / access to；accuse/ require of；charge for；under discussion等等。 2）习惯用法如：
confess to/set about/be used to+ doing；be supposed to/have/make sb.+ do等。
3）由同一动词构成的短语如：come，go，set，break等构成的短语。 4）单个的动词，抽象名词，形容词和副词多以近义词、同义词的形式出现。 5）介词短语在句中作状语如：
in terms of；with the exception of；in vain等，另外还应注意rather than，other than，such as，none/nothing+ but等词在考题中的出现。
一、动词(时态,语态,用法,省略,一致性等)
1. 时态
1)现在完成进行时态 (have/has been + -ing 分词构成): 动作或状态从过去某时开始,继续到现在,可能继续下去,也可能刚刚结束. I’ve been writing letters for an hour. I’ve been sitting in the garden.
2)过去完成进行时(由had been + ing分词构成): 过去某个时刻以前一直在进行的动作
I’d been working for some time when he called.
We had been waiting for her for two hours by the time she came.
3)将来完成进行时: 将来某个时刻以前一直在进行的动作.
By next summer, he will have been working here for twenty years.
In another month’s time she’ll have been studying here for three years.
4)将来完成时(由shall/will have + 过去分词构成): 将来某时会业已发生的事. I shall have finished this one before lunch.
They’ll have hit the year’s target by the end of October.
2. 语态
1) 可以有两种被动结构的类型,例如:
He was said to be jealous of her success.
It was said that he was jealous of her success.
能同时适用于上述两个句型的主动词通常都是表示“估计”,“相信”等意义的动词,常见的有assume,believe,expect,fear,feel,know,presume,report,say,suppose,understa
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nd等.
It is supposed that the ship has been sunk. The ship is supposed to have been sunk.
担当be supposed to 与不定式的一般形式搭配时往往表示不同的意义.例如:
Why are you driving so fast in this area? You are supposed to know the speed to know the speed limit. (你应该晓得速度限制)
2) 双宾语及宾补结构的被动语态
a) 双宾语结构的被动语态: 双宾语结构变为被动语态时,可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语,另一个宾语仍然保留在谓语后面,但多数是把间接宾语变为主语. He was asked a number of questions at the press conference.
Two days were allowed them for making the necessary preparations.
b) 宾补结构的被动语态:
She was called Big Sister by everybody. Then he was made a squad leader.
He was considered quite qualified for the job. The room was always kept clean and tidy.
3. 短语动词 1) Vi + adv
The plane took off two hours late. 2) Vi + prep
They looked round the Cathedral. 3) Vi + prep (有被动语态)
She’s looking after her sister’s children. The children were always well looked after. 4) Vi + adv + prep
I began to look forward to their visits. 5) Vt + O + adv
Some women choose to stay at home and bring up their children. The children were brought up by their mother. They took him on.
6) Vt + adv + O (无被动语态) I am trying to give up smoking. 7) Vt + O + prep
We talked Donald into agreement.
4. 省略
1) 在以as, than, when, if, unless等引导的从句中的省略: 在有些状语从句中,如果谓语包含有动词be,主语又和主句的主语一致a),或者主语是it b),就常常可以把从句中的主语和谓语的一部分(特别是动词be)省略掉. a) Look out for cars when crossing the street.
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