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中考英语语法复习：并列句
一、并列句的构成：
并列句是由并列连词and，but，or，for，so等把两个或两个以上互不依从，但意思紧密联系的简单句连在一起而构成的句子。其结构为：简单句+并列连词+简单句。
二、并列句的分类：
1. 表示同等关系的并列句
这类并列句常用并列连词and连接前后简单句，and常译为“和”、“并且”，也可不译出来。例如：
He likes playing football and he plays well.他喜欢踢足球，并且踢得很好。
Last year l met Kate and we became friends.去年我和凯特相遇，我们成了朋友。
2. 表示转折关系的并列句
这类并列句常用并列连词but(但是)，yet(可是)，while(而，另一方面)，however(可是)等连接前后简单句，but常译为“但是”，“可是”，切不可与从属连词though或although一起使用。例如：
It has no mouth, but it can talk. 它没有嘴巴，但是它会说话。
School is over, yet all the teachers are still working.学校放学了，可是老师们仍然在工作。 He wants to be a writer, while I want to be a scientist. 他想当作家，而我则想当科学家。 It's raining hard, however, we must go out. 雨下得很大，然而我们必须出去。
3. 表示选择关系的并列句
这类并列句常用并列连词or(或者，否则)等连接前后简单句。 or有两重含义：
(1)译为“或者”，表示选择。例如：
Now you can have a rest or you can go to the cinema．现在你可以休息，或者去看电影。 (2)译为“否则”、“要不然”，表示条件。例如：
You must tell the truth，or you will be punished．你必须说真话，否则你将会受到惩罚。
4. 表示因果关系的并列句
这类并列句常用并列连词for，so等连接前后简单句。
(1)for在意义上与从属连词because，since和as相同，但它们引导的是原因状语从句，而for则连接两
简单句，前者表示结果，后者表示原因。其结构为：简单句(结果)+for+简单句(原因)。 例如：He has many good friends, for he is an honest man。他有许多好朋友，因为他是个诚实的男子汉。
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(2)so意为“因此”、“所以”，但不能与because同时出现在同一个句子中。因为because是从属连词，而是并列连词，用来连接并列句。其结构为：简单句(原因) +so牛简单句(结果)。例如：
Mr. Li went to his hometown, so Mr. Wang was taking his class instead．李老师回家乡去了，所以王老师替二课。
5. 其他形式的并列句
(1)“祈使句+and+简单句”。其中祈使句表示一个条件，并列连词and引导的简单句则表示一个较好的结果，谓语常用一般将来时。例如：
Use your head, and you will find away．动脑筋，你就会想出办法来。
(2)“祈使句+or+简单句”。祈使句表示一个条件，并列连词or后的简单句则表示一个不愉快或不理想的结果。例如：
Study hard, or you Will fall behind the others．努力学习，否则你就会落于别人。 (3)“either...or”结构表示“不是……就是……”，“或者……或者……”，例如：
Either my uncle can do it, or my aunt can do it. 我叔叔可以做那件事，或者我婶婶也可以做。 习惯上将两个句子合并成Either my uncle or my aunt can do it. (4) “not only…but also”意思为“不仅……而且……”，例如：
not only the students have missed the school car, but also the teacher has missed the school car.不仅学生，而且他们的老师都误了校车。
(5) “neither…nor…”结构，意为“既不……也不……”，“两者都不……”，用法与http://www.edUzhai.net，either …or…,not only …but also…相同。
三、使用并列句要注意的几种情况
1. 并列句有时可不用连词，而用分号隔开(前后句之间的关系须相当紧密)。例如： We fished all day; we didn\\'t catch a fish.我们钓了一天的鱼，一条鱼也没钓到。
2. 并列连词后的简单句如果与其前的简单句有相同的部分，则相同的部分常可省略。例如： My father works in a factory and my mother in a school.我父亲在工厂工作，母亲在学校工作。 3. 由so, nor, neither连接的并列句，后一简单句为避免重复,其成份常倒装并省略一些。例如： He is not a student, nor am I. 他不是学生,我也不是。 Beibei can swim, so can I. 贝贝会游泳,我也会。
四、并列句的典型例题
并列句是全国各地中考英语必考的语法项目之一，主要考查学生在特定的语言环境下对并列连词and，but，or，for，so等的掌握与运用情况，大多以单项填空、完形填空形式出现，有时也会出现在句子改错和短文改错题型中。www-2-1-cnjy-com
例1 Work hard, _____ you will pass the during test.【版权所有：21教育】
A. or B. but C. because D. and
解析：“努力学习”，“你就会通过驾驶考试”，两者之间是并列关系，应用句式“祈使句+and+简单句”。 答案：D
例2 Stop cutting trees, _____ the earth will become worse and worse. 【出处：21教育名师】
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A. and B. then C but D. or
解析：根据句意，前后是转折关系，应用句式“祈使句+or+简单句”。 答案：D
例3 They bought Granny a present ____ she liked it very much. A. and B. so C. but 解析：本题前后两句表示并列关系。 答案：A
例4 They all went to the cinema I didn't. A.get B. or C. but D. so
解析：本题的前后意思带有转折关系。 答案：C
例5 — Hello, Mr. Huang!
—I'm sorry, ______ I don't think I know you.
A. and B. or C. but D. because
解析：本题的前后意思带有转折关系，but此处意为“可是”。 答案：C
例6 The little boy is very young _____ he can look after himself well. A. So B. but C. if D. or
解析：本题的前后两句有明显的转折关系。 答案：B
例7 Bill put his hands behind his back, ____ nobody could see his hands.
A. so B. and C. or D. but
解析：从上下文可知nobody could see his hands的原因是Bill put his hands behind his back，所以应该用so来表示结果。 答案：A
例8 Neither you nor I _____ from Canada. We are from Australia.
A. is B. are C. am D. be
解析：“neither…nor…”结构意为“既不……也不……”，“两者都不……”，连接主语时，谓语动词应与其邻近的主语保持一致。21*cnjy*com 答案：C
例9 —We get knowledge ____from books _____from life. —Yes, both are important.
A. either；or B. not only；but also C neither；nor D. not；but 解析：根据句子的逻辑意思，本题应该选B。“not only…but also”意为“不仅……而且……”，用于连接两个并列的内容，做主语、谓语、宾语、表语、状语等。 答案：B
感受中考
1. Hurry up, ______you will miss the plane. A. and B. but C. so D. or
2. Jack still came to school _____ he was ill.
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A though B hot C. if D. so
3. I want to know ________ he will be the volunteer in the 2011 University game (世界大学生运动会) in Shenzhen.21·世纪*教育网
A. Where B. Who C. If D. which
4. Tony is a quiet student, he is active in class. A. so B. and C. but D. or
5. They will lose the game they try their best, A. unless B. once C. since D. after
6. You won't feel happy at school _______ you get on well with your classmates. A. though B. when C. unless D. because
7. This is my twin sister, Lucy. Not only she but also I_______good at drawing. A.is B. am C. are
8.. Jack likes reading a newspaper______he is having breakfast. A.and B. while C. because
9. The restaurant is nice and the food is not bad. _______I still prefer eating at home. A. and B. but C. so D. or
10.---- Ring me up ________ you come to my house, will you?www.21-cn-jy.com ----Sure, I will.
A. though B. while C. before D. until 11.Be quick, ＿＿＿we’ll be late for school. A. and B. or C. so
12.I told him the news ＿＿＿be came back yesterday. A. until B. as soon as C. unless
13.. The rain is very heavy________ we have to stay at home.2-1-c-n-j-y A. but B. because C. so
14.He didn’t go to school yesterday _______ he was ill. A. because B. because of C. if D. so 15. Hurry up, _________ you will be late for class. A. and B. or C. but D. so
16.. You have coughed for several days, Bill. Stop smoking,________ you’ll get better soon. A. but B. after C. or D. and 17.. - Will you please give the dictionary to Jane? -Sure, I’ll give it to her ____ she arrives here.
A. before B. until C. because D. as soon as21cnjy.com 18..______Zhai Xiaowei has only one leg, he can dance wonderfully A .Though B.But C. So 19..-What shall we do now?
-_______it’s raining hard, let’s stay at home.
A. So B. Since C. Though D. If 20.We should protect the earth， we will have no water to drink． A．so B．or C．and D．but 21.________ it’s very interesting and exciting. A. Though B. Because C. So
22. - _____ Rose ____ Jack watched Prince William's wedding on TV yesterday.
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