It is a voluntary process (which either side may abandon at any time without prejudice), whereby ach side to a dispute is brought together before a neutral mediator.
它是一个自愿的过程(任何一方可能会放弃在任何时候没有偏见),乙酰胆碱,一面纠纷是一个中立调解人前聚集在一起。
It is always preferable to use one of the standard forms available, rather than to invent one’s own personal form.
它总是比使用一个标准的形式,而不是发明自己的个人形式。
It is by far the most common cause of dispute between the two parties and almost always results in claims.
它是迄今为止最常见的导致两党之间的争论,几乎总是导致索赔。
It is important to identify the specific people available for assignment. 识别特定的人是很重要的任务。
It is in the form of a systematic and recognized list of items of work and represents the breakdown of all materials, labors and plant required for the completion of the project.
以系统的形式和公认的工作和项目列表代表了所有材料的击穿,劳动和植物所需的完成该项目。
It is not easy to describe fully the quality and performance of the materials and workmanship expected on drawings alone.
不容易描述完全预期的质量和性能材料和工艺图纸。
It is submitted by the contractor, usually in the form of a bar chart. 承包商提交的,通常在一个条形图的形式。
It may uncover holes in the documents or ambiguous wording, which can be dealt with during the bid period while allowing the owner to get competitive pricing.
它在文档或模棱两可的措辞可能会发现漏洞,可以处理投标期间,同时允许所有者获得有竞争力的价格。
It should be concise and precise, and present a present a clear picture of the division of responsibilities and legal obligations between the parties.
应该是简洁和精确,和现在存在一个明确的分工和各方之间的法律义务。
It should be noted that the contract is between the employer and the contractor.应该指出的是,雇主和承包商之间的合同。
Items may include some of or all of the following: 项目可能包括一些或所有以下:
J
Just like an offer, an acceptance may also be made orally, in writing, or by conduct. 报价一样,接受也可以口头,书面或行为。
L
Later in the design process, the constructor may help put the work packages together, prequalify bidders, and begin planning construction logistics.
后来在设计过程中,构造函数可以帮助把工作包在一起,预先具有资格的买家,并开始规划建设物流。
Later these alternatives are more detailed-oriented, looking closely at one window product versus another or one brand of generator versus another.
后来这些替代品更detailed-oriented,密切关注一个窗口产品与另一个或一个品牌的发电机和另一个。
Later, as more specific information is generated, these schedules will be network-based, with more complex relationships among the activities.
后来，作为产生更具体的信息，这些计划将基于网络的活动中，与更复杂的关系。 Layered on are the overhead and the profit. 分层是开销和利润。
Layering creates coordination complexities and can slow down the work. 分层产生协调的复杂性和可以减缓工作 Legal requirements. 法律要求。
Legal status: for example, if the company bidding is a corporation, a partnership, or an individual 法律地位：例如，如果公司的投标是一个公司，合伙，或个人
Life-cycle costing examines initial, operating, and maintenance costs as well as future benefits over the
life of a building or systems in the building.
生命周期成本分析的初始，操作，维护成本以及在建筑中的建筑或是一个系统的未来生活的好处。
Life-cycle costing helps the design team decide on design options, site locations, material used in the building, and money invested in systems.
生命周期成本法有助于设计团队决定设计方案，地点，用作建筑材料，并投资系统的钱。
Litigation is now increasingly being replaced by other methods such as ‘arbitration’ and ‘alternative dispute resolution’ (ADR)
诉讼是现在越来越被其他的方法如“仲裁”和“替代性纠纷解决机制的取代（ADR） Location to deliver the bid 位置提供投标
M
Major requirements of a contract are given as below: offer and acceptance, consideration, capacity. 一个合同的要求主要有：要约和承诺，考虑，容量。
Many contractors are local or regional in their ability to staff a job. 很多承包商的地方或在其员工的工作能力的区域。
Many contracts are issued during the course of a project. 许多合同是在项目实施过程中发。
Many disputes in construction are brought to the attention through some perceived breach of contract. 施工中的许多纠纷是通过感知违约引起重视。 Many projects are still produced this way. 许多项目仍在生产这种方式。
Many times the designer hired a construction consultant to assist in this task. 很多设计师雇了一个建筑顾问协助这项任务。
Many times, inept and inefficient supervision of the contractor’s progress has resulted in the generation of claims.
很多时候，无能和低效的承包商的进度监管导致索赔的一代。
Matching the construction management firm with the type of job, its size, and the proposed delivery method is important.
配合工作，该类型的施工管理公司的规模，并建议交付的方法是非常重要的。 Method of awarding contracts 授予合同的方法
Minor clerical errors are usually okayed for correction; but in general, if a bidder has not met the requirements of the bid, the bid will be rejected.
轻微的文书错误通常同意更正；但在一般情况下，如果投标人未满足标书要求的，其投标将被拒绝。 Moreover, experienced site personnel should always supervise the construction process. 此外，经验丰富的现场工作人员应监督施工过程。
Most forms of contracts will provide for some sort of mechanism to deal with this issue. 大多数形式的合同将提供一些机制来处理这个问题。
Most of the time it is due to insufficient time that is available for the pre-contract design work and also because of indecision on the part of the client and his design team.
大部分的时间，这是由于没有足够的时间，供合同前的设计工作，也因为对客户和他的设计团队的一部分，犹豫不决。
Motivation to bid varies depending on a number of factors. 动机投标取决于一系列因素。
Much of the success of packaging relies on the skills of the construction manager. 多包装的成功依赖于项目经理的技能。
N
Name of contractor 承包商名称
No contract is formed unless the receiving party has accepted the offer. 没有合同成立除非接收方已经接受了。 No lawyers or courts are involved.
没有律师和法院参与。
No type of contract and no level of supervision can force an incompetent contractor to fully satisfy the client as far as meeting the project objectives of time, cost and quality are concerned.
没有任何类型的合同及监管没有水平力不称职的承包商充分满足客户就会议时间的项目目标，成本和质量的关注。 Non-binding nature of the settlement(until an agreement is signed)along with the notion that suggestion to resolve a dispute through ADR may be viewed as some sign of weakness by the other party are two of its major weakness.
解决方案的非约束性（直到协议被签署）随着概念，解决纠纷的ADR可被视为另一方的一些弱点的征兆是其主要弱点的建议。
Nor do they understand construction logistics and methods. 他们也不了解物流和施工方法。
Normally, any difference between the final(actual) cost and the target cost is shared between the owner and the contractor.
通常情况下，最终之间的任何差异（实际）的成本和目标成本是业主和承包商之间的共享。 Normally, the specifications will govern. 通常情况下，规范管理。
Not every purported agreement is an enforceable contract. 不是每一个谣传协议是一种可强制执行的合同。
O
Often the contractor may propose a better method or product to fit the character of the project. 通常，承包商可提出更好的方法或产品符合项目的特征。
Often the design team moves forward with instructions to make certain changes to get the project back within budget or to include scope not sufficiently covered.
通常设计团队前进的指令来获得项目在预算或没有足够的覆盖范围作出某些改变。
Often these are large items or systems such as air-handler units, steel assemblies, or curtain-wall systems.
这些往往是大型项目或系统如空气处理机组，钢组件，或幕墙系统。 Omission of responsibilities. 遗漏的责任。
On projects designed by architects, the most popular general conditions are those developed by the American Institute of Architects (AIA).
项目由建筑师设计，最流行的一般条件是那些由美国建筑师学会（AIA）。
On the negative side, every tender must be scrutinized, not only to ensure that its contents are satisfactory but also to ensure that the bidder is technically and financially sound and capable.
在消极的一面，每个投标必须仔细检查，不仅要保证其内容是满意的同时也确保投标人在技术上和经济上的声音和能力。
On the negative side, every tender must be scrutinized, not only to ensure that its contents are satisfactory but also to ensure that the bidder is technically and financially sound and capable. Also, when a large number of contractors are asked to submit their tenders, a lot of time and effort is put into unsuccessful tenders and it proves to be a burden for the industry.
在消极的一面，每个投标必须仔细检查，不仅要保证其内容是满意的同时也确保投标人在技术上和经济上的声音和能力。同时，当大量的承包商被要求提交标书，很多的时间和精力放在不成功的投标，这是该行业的负担。
On the other hand, construction professionals are not particularly adept at making design assumptions about the designer's intent.
另一方面，建筑专业人士并不擅长制作设计的假设，设计意图。
Once a company decides to bid on a project, no matter what its motivation, it enters into a process common to all construction companies.
一旦公司决定投标一个项目，无论其动机，它进入所有的施工企业常见的过程。
Once a party has agreed to this method of settling a disagreement they cannot then legal action. 一旦一方也同意这一解决分歧，他们不能再采取法律行动的方法。
Once all these costs are weighed, the actual long-term cost of the system may turn out to be less than other systems.
一旦所有这些成本称，实际系统的长期成本可能会低于其他系统。
Once an agreement is reached it is put in writing for endorsement by the parties concerned.
一旦达成协议，提出书面认可的当事人。
Once the bid is accepted, contract negotiations begin. 一旦中标，合同谈判开始。
Once the offer is made, the offeree can ‘accept’ the offer if the terms and conditions are acceptable to that party.
一旦提供了，受要约人可以接受的报价，如果条款和条件，方可接受。
Once the owner and the contractor sign the contract, the construction begins. 一旦业主和承包商签订合同，建设开始
Once the project delivery method is chosen, the desired scheduled completion identified and confirmed, and local practices regarding how work is accomplished understood, the project team starts to assemble the work packages.
一旦项目交付方法的选择，所需的计划完工确认，和当地的做法，对于如何理解工作完成，项目团队开始装配工作包。
Once the project is in construction, any changes can be extremely costly both in time and in actual costs. 一旦项目建设中的任何变化可以是非常昂贵的，在时间和实际成本。
Once the structural engineer has recommended a foundation type, the construction manager can study the soils report, visit the site, and note any surface conditions.
一旦结构工程师建议基础类型，施工经理可以研究土壤报告，访问该网站，并注意任何表面条件。
Once there is enough documented information regarding the scope of work, he or she can bring in material suppliers, subcontractors, and building trades representatives to advise on the costs of specific materials and fabrication methods.
一旦有足够的记录的信息关于工作范围的，他或她可以把材料供应商，分包商和建筑行业的代表，在具体的材料和制造方法的成本的建议。
Once these alternatives are explored and a schedule is developed and agreed to, the project team must ensure that it is met.
一旦这些替代方案进行了探讨和时间表开发和同意，项目团队必须确保其符合。
Once this form is completed and submitted, the bidder is assumed to have acknowledged the presence and acceptance of other bid documents.
一旦这种形式完成并提交，投标人应该承认和接受其他投标文件存在。
One of the advantages of the construction management delivery method is that it is possible to package the work to the best advantage of the project in terms of both price and efficiency. 一个施工管理的交付方法的优点是可以对包的工作在价格和效率方面的项目最大的优势。
One of the first activities for the construction manager is to confirm that this date can be met given the desired scope of work.
一种为施工经理的第一个活动是为了确认这个日期可以满足给定的工作所需的范围。
One of the first is to the architect and the construction manager for preconstruction design and technical services.
首先是对前期的设计和技术服务的建筑师和施工经理。
One of the first objectives that an owner develops is the amount of money that can be spent on the project.
一个业主开发的第一个目标是可以在这个项目上花了多少钱。
One of the key factors in avoiding claims and disputes is to ensure completion of the design in all respects before the start of construction.
避免索赔和纠纷的关键因素之一是工程开工前确保在所有方面的设计完成。
One of the major methods of obtaining information and generating feedback about design intent is to review the drawings and specifications as they become available.
一个获得信息的主要方法和生成反馈的设计目的是审查图纸和规范，为他们成为。
One of the major pitfalls in defining work packages is the potential of assigning the same responsibility to more than one subcontractor or not assigning them to anyone at all.
在界定工作包的主要缺陷之一是多个分包商或不给他们任何人都分配相同的潜在的责任。
One party tells the other, “ I will do something for you” or “ I will provide something for you”. 另一方说，“我会为你”或“我会为你提供的事物。
One reason why value engineering has taken on negative connotations is that designers sometimes feel that the construction professional is judging their work and making recommendations that compromise the aesthetic qualities of the project.
原因之一，价值工程采取了消极的内涵是设计师有时觉得建筑专业是判断他们的工作和建议，妥协的项目的审美特
质。
Otherwise, there is a risk of disputes and time spent sorting out who is doing what and when. 否则，有纠纷风险和花费的时间到底是谁在做什么的时候。
Overhead is what it costs the company to run its business, and a portion is factored into each project. 开销是什么费用公司运营的一部分，是考虑到每个项目。
Owner approval points occur at the end of programming, schematic design, design development, and just before bidding at the end of construction documents.
业主验收点发生在程序结束，原理图设计，设计开发，和之前在施工招标文件结束。 Owners are concerned about getting the best contractor for the best price. 业主担心获得最好的承包商，以最好的价格。
Owners generally make a lot of changes during the execution of the construction projects, which invariably result in the project time estimate to be revised upwards.
所有者通常做很多改变的建设项目的实施过程中，总是导致在项目时间估计被向上修正。
P
Payment to the contractor is usually on a monthly basis. 支付给承包商通常是每月。
Pieces such as roofing, which occur later in the construction process, can be bid on later. 件如屋面,发生后在施工过程中,可以在以后投标。 Places to indicate fees for additional work 地方表明费用额外的工作 Poor coordination. 缺乏协调
Post-bid qualifications are submitted with the bid and reviewed by the owner during the bid opening and analysis.
Post-bid资格提交报价和开标期间由业主审查和分析。
Pre-bid qualification requires the interested contractor to submit information about the firm before the bid documents are re leased.
出价前资格要求感兴趣的承包商提交投标文件前的公司信息是租用。
Preconstruction services can run from simple cost and scheduling services to integral involvement in the design effort.
分段装配服务可以从简单的运行成本和调度服务积分参与设计工作。 Preconstruction services were performed by the designer. 分段装配服务执行的设计师
Price both in numbers and in words, which minimizes decimal point mistakes 价格在数字和单词,这样可以最大限度减少小数点的错误
Price breakdown for the major trades, which can guide progress payments and assist the review of the bid's accuracy
主要交易价格分解,可以引导进步支付和协助审查报价的准确性
Price-based contract include lump sum and unit rate contracts. 基于价格的合同包括总额和单位价格合同。
Programming documents the plan in narrative form with some diagrams. 以叙述的方式编程文档计划图。
Project teams need to be very clear about which process they are involved in. 项目团队需要非常清楚他们参与的过程。
Projects were completely designed by architects and engineers, often with the assistance of construction consultants, and then offered for bidding to a group of builders.
项目完全由建筑师和工程师设计,通常建设顾问的协助下,然后给一群建筑工人竞标。
Proper and timely instructions, scrutiny of the quality of workmanship and appropriate records are important ingredients in avoiding claims.
适当的和及时的指导,监督工艺的质量和适当的记录是重要的成分在避免索赔。
R
Redesigning is time-consuming, however, so the owner may elect to work with the low bidder to bring
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