工程管理专业外语英汉翻译(2)

但这一因素必须与管理协调大量的分包商的能力直接称重。

By law the bidder is required to honor the price, no matter what; but nobody wants a contractor on the job who is not going to do well.

由法律规定投标人必须尊重价格，不管是什么；但没有人想要一个承包商工作的人不会做得很好。

By networking with like owners, he or she can find out who performed best on their projects. 通过网络，如业主，他或她可以找出谁表现最好的他们的项目。

By providing the traditional aspects of the work that a general contractor usually covers, the manager can minimize the risk associated with packaging while maximizing the savings in cost and perhaps time (that is, fast tracking) for the owner.

通过提供传统等方面的工作，总承包商通常包括，经理可以减少与包装在成本和时间可能最大的储蓄的风险（即，快速跟踪）的所有者。

By this the employer/owner knows exactly what to except as the end product and can also check to see if that is what his requirements are.

该业主/业主知道除了作为最终产品，也可以去看看，那是他的要求是什么。

C

Changers and variations during the execution of the project can be extremely costly and time consuming. 该项目的执行过程中的变化和变化是非常昂贵和费时的。

Circumstances sometimes arise which cause delays in the project but they cannot be attributed to any single party.

的情况下，有时会出现造成工程延误但不能归因于任何一方。(此处就是这样翻译的，别怀疑你的眼睛) Claim for direct loss and/or expense. 直接损失及/或费用索赔。

Claims for delays can be further split into three sections depending on the party responsible for causing the delay.

申请延迟可以进一步分为三个部分取决于导致延迟的方。

Claims from contractors generally arise when they feel that eligible for additional payments by the owner because of the occurrence of one or more certain factors.

承包商的索赔一般出现在他们觉得有资格由业主额外支付由于一个或多个特定因素的发生。 Conciliation is procedurally similar to mediation. 调解是调解程序类似于。

Conditions of contract include general conditions and special conditions. 合同条件包括一般条件和特殊条件。

Consideration is often money, but need not be. 考虑的往往是金钱，但不需要。

Consideration is something of value being exchanged on both sides of the transaction. 考虑的是价值在交易双方交换的东西。

Consideration may be defined as “one party providing some goods or services to the other party who in return pays for these goods services in monetary (financial) terms”.

对价可以被定义为“一方对另一方的人的回报支付这些商品服务的货币提供一些商品或服务（金融）条款”。

Construction management as a profession is a relatively new entry into the field of design and construction.

施工管理作为一个行业是一个相对较新的进入设计和施工领域。

Construction managers usually keep a current list of qualified contractors and subcontractors on file so that they can quickly produce a bidder's list for the owner.

施工经理通常保持目前的合格的承包商和分包商在文件列表，以便他们能迅速产生对业主的投标人的名单。

Contractors dig deeply into the documents and can spot things missed by the drafter or specification writer.

承包商进行深入的文献可以发现的东西的起草者或规范作家错过。

Contractors in such cases will tend to overprice the work, even in times of shortage of work, to cover the additional risks involved.

在这种情况下，承包商将趋于overprice工作，即使在时间的 缺乏努力，以支付额外的风险。

Contractors use these dates to gauge whether or not the applicable staff is available for the duration. 承包商使用这些数据来衡量是否适用人员可用时间。

Contracts define people’s relationships in a construction project. 合同定义人的关系在一个建设项目。

Conversely, if large subcontractors are available for the job, the construction manager might package pieces together to make the job more attractive and get better prices.

相反，如果大的分包商提供的工作，项目经理可能包拼在一起，使工作更具吸引力和得到更好的价格。 Coordination necessary between the different trades must be incorporated into the project. 协调必要的不同行业之间必须纳入项目。

Cost of the work + % for overhead and profit =Total cost to the owner 工作成本+ %的开销和利润=总成本的主人

Cost reduction, on the other hand, considers only initial cost. 降低成本，另一方面，只考虑初始成本。

Cost reductions become necessary when value engineering is not enough. 降低成本成为必要的价值工程是不够的。

Cost-based contracts on the other hand include cost-reimbursable and target cost contracts. 基于成本的合同的另一方面包括成本补偿和目标成本合同。

Current practice is to bind all the narrative pieces into one document that accompanies the drawings to form the complete package.

目前的做法是将所有叙事作品为一个文件，伴随着图纸构成完整的包装。

D

Deciding to bid on a project is not a trivial matter for a construction company since significant time and costs are incurred in preparing a bid.

决定投标一个项目，是不是一件小事，为一家建筑公司以来，大量的时间和成本都在准备投标费用。 Delays caused by neither party. 既不方造成的延误。

Delays caused by the main contractor. 由主承包商造成的延误。

Delays caused by the owner. 由业主造成的延误。

Delays due to extra/additional work, late issuance of drawings and specifications, and unreasonable and uncalled for inspection of works are some of the factors that are responsible for delays caused by an owner.

由于额外的/额外的工作延误，图纸和规格晚发行，和不合理的、不必要的检查工作中的一些负责人造成延误的因素。

Depending on the expertise in the company, one firm can turn a good profit on a project while another may only get by.

根据公司的专长，单一公司可以打开一个项目的一个很好的利润而另一只可能得到的。

Designers are concerned that their design meet the budget, and contractors are concerned about submitting a bid too high and losing the job or submitting too low and losing money on the job. 设计师而言，其设计符合预算，和承包商关注提交出价太高而失去工作或提交的太低而失去对工作的钱。

Designers have traditionally left methods of installing building components to construction professionals. 设计师通常将安装建筑构件专业施工方法。

Different types of projects attract different contractors. 不同类型的项目吸引不同的承包商。

Direct costs + Indirect costs = Cost of the work 直接成本+间接成本=成本的工作

Disadvantages include the lack of opportunity for the client to participate in the management of the project, and there is a tendency on the part of the contractor to resort to cost cutting and trivial claims if he feels that he has been burdened with considerable risk.

缺点包括客户参与项目管理缺乏机会，也对承包商部分倾向于采取削减成本和琐碎的声称，如果他觉得他一直背负着相当大的风险。 Document location. 文件位置。

During construction, value engineering efforts continue. 在施工过程中，价值工程继续努力。

During the bidding period the design work is launched into the construction arena. 设计工作是进入施工现场招标期间。

During the construction documents phase, bid packages are assembled, and all required state, local, and federal permits are identified.

施工图阶段，投标包组装，和所需的所有国家，地方和联邦政府的许可，确定。

During the design period, a series of tasks falls outside the design activities themselves. 设计过程中，一系列的任务落在自己的设计活动。

During the scheduling exercise, items are identified that have to be bought early to arrive at the site in time for installation.

调度的运动过程中，项目的确定，必须要买，早期及时到达现场进行安装。

During the working drawings, the big ideas are already in place, and most ideas generated are in the details of the documents.

在施工图，大思想已经到位，和大多数的想法所产生的文件细节。

E

Early in the design process, this is a reasonable strategy since the costs are more conceptual. 在设计过程的早期，这是一个合理的策略，因为成本概念。

Early in the project, the construction team along with the designer and the owner should establish overall project milestones.

在项目早期，随着设计师和业主的施工队应建立全面的项目里程碑。

Early on, these alternatives are system-level, exploring different options for roofing, cladding, foundation systems, and so on.

在早期，这些替代品的系统级，探索不同的选择屋顶，覆层，基础系统，等等。

Early schedules will be in bar chart formats that show very simple relationships. 早期的时间表将在条形图的格式显示的非常简单的关系。

Estimating is normally part of the designer's scope of work. 估计是正常工作的设计师的范围的一部分。

Estimating the life expectancy of building components is also full of variables and depends heavily on how well maintenance and repairs are performed over the life of the product or system.

估计建筑构件的寿命也充满变数，在很大程度上取决于如何以及维护和修理过的产品或系统的寿命进行。 Estimators solicit prices from a number of subcontractors. 估计征求价格从分包商的数目。

Even a simple question answered at the time of the conference should be documented and sent out to all bidders, whether they were present at the conference or not.

即使是一个简单的回答，在会议期间应记录并发送给所有投标人，他们是否出席会议或不。

Even when the project is fully designed before it is bid, there are a number of advantages to breaking the project into various work packages.

即使该项目是完全设计在它的出价，有许多优势，将项目分割成各个工作包。

Even with an estimate on target, however, the project may be priced higher than any estimate shows for reasons that are not always apparent.

即使在估计目标，然而，该项目的价格可能高于任何估计显示不明显原因。

Even with the prequalification process, however, bidders can still be disqualified. 即使在资格预审过程，然而，仍然可以被取消比赛资格的投标人。

Even with these limitations, however, life-cycle costs give more broad-based information to the owner and the project team about the relative worth of building components.

即使有这些限制，然而，生命周期成本提供更广泛的信息对建筑构件的相对价值的业主和项目团队。 Every firm has an \ 每个公司有一个“A”的团队。

Examples include drilling cores needed to run conduit, patching after the conduit is run, furnishing scaffolding needed by multiple trades, and cleaning up at the end of the day.

例子包括钻井运行所需的导管，导管修补后的运行，提供多个行业需要脚手架，清理在一天结束的时候。 Expected dates of award and start of project 奖励和启动项目的预计日期

Expertise should be demonstrated in preconstruction activities such as value engineering, estimating, scheduling, project control, and planning.

专家应在施工前活动，如价值工程，估计，调度，项目控制证明，与规划。 Extension of time. 延长时间。

External factors can come into play-for example, unexpected increases in energy prices. 外部因素可能发挥作用为例，在能源价格意外上涨。

F

Fees for additional work so the owner can set parameters for any fees allowed within change orders 费用额外的工作,业主可以为任何费用设置参数允许在改变订单

Final price, then, Combines actual estimates for the cost of the work coupled with an analysis of the competition and the current marketplace.

最终价格,然后,结合实际预估的成本加上工作的分析和当前市场竞争。

Finally, the company determines how much profit is reasonable for the job. 最后,该公司决定多少利润是合理的。

First, it allows for the incorporation of local practices.首先,它允许当地公司的实践。 First, the owner is sure of getting an unbiased opinion. 首先,老板肯定得到公正的意见。

Fluctuations refer to the changes in the price of material and wages during the course of a construction project.

波动是指材料的价格和工资的变化过程中建设项目。

For a firm to grow and prosper, it must have profit to invest in itself. 公司成长和繁荣,它必须有利润投资本身。

For each project, it takes on different meaning and is often a function of comparisons among other similar products.

对于每个项目,它需要在不同的意义,通常是一个函数的比较以及其他类似产品。

For example, a contractor may enter into an agreement to construct a new home for an elderly owner. 例如,一个承包商可能进入一个协议为一位上了年纪的老板建立一个新家。

For example, a road project may be attractive to a highway contractor but probably not to a contractor who specializes in industrial plants.

例如,路项目可能吸引公路承包商但可能不是承包商专门从事工业工厂。

For example, if the owner wants only estimating and scheduling services, then the process of finding the right construction professional should concentrate on those attributes.

例如,如果老板想要只估算和调度服务,然后找到合适的建筑专业的过程应该专注于那些属性。

For government projects, standard forms of contract for building and civil engineering works are issued by the Hong Kong SAR Government.

对于政府项目,建筑和土木工程作品的标准形式的合同是由香港特区政府发行的债券。

For instance, a specific non-conventional heating system could have a high initial cost. 例如,一个特定的非常规供暖系统可能具有较高的初始成本。

For instance, a valve is shown in the drawing and includes its location in the system, how it interacts with other components, and how many are required.

例如,一个阀图纸所示系统中,包括它的位置,它如何与其他组件的交互,又有多少是必需的。

For instance, existing ledge outcropping may have to be removed to accommodate the specific foundation design.

例如,现有的窗台露头可能不得不被删除,以适应特定的基础设计。

For instance, if the local market has small, reputable mill houses but not one large entity, the construction manager can break the work down so that the local firms can share the work.

例如,如果当地市场小,著名的轧机房子但不是一个大的实体,施工经理可以分解工作,以便当地企业可以共享工作。 For instance, if the mechanical contractor has the control wiring in his or her scope and the electrical contractor also has this scope, the overlap can lead to disputes, create confusion, and add time as the problem gets sorted out.

例如,如果机械承包商在他或她的范围和控制线路的电气承包商也有这个范围,重叠会导致纠纷,创建混乱,并添加时间的问题得到解决。

For most projects, the owner wants to hire a builder who has considerable construction experience; this is especially true for a large, complex project.

对于大多数项目,老板愿意雇佣一个建筑商已经相当大的施工经验,特别是大型、复杂的项目。

For that reason, most architectural, engineering, and construction firms will act as consultants during this early stage.

出于这个原因,大多数建筑、工程和建筑公司将作为顾问在这个早期阶段。

For the owner to have good information to decide about moving forward, budgets need to be assembled, schedules analyzed, and construction issues discussed.

对业主来说,有良好的信息决定前进,预算需要组装,进度分析和建设问题进行了讨论。

Force majeure, unusually bad weather conditions labor strikes and general unrest, delay due to the nominated sub-contractor or nominated supplier, and unforeseeable labor and materials shortages are classified as delays which are the fault of neither.

不可抗力,异常恶劣的天气条件罢工和骚乱,延迟由于分包商或指定供应商,和不可预见的劳动和材料短缺分为延迟的错。

G

General conditions.一般条件。

Good design is a result of collaboration among many different people. 好的设计是许多不同的人之间的协作的结果。

H

He or she may do value engineering studies to produce life cycle cost analyses.他或她可能做价值工程研究生产生命周期成本分析。

He or she will either employ a consultant who is familiar with the designer's work or, in larger firms, use in-house talent.

他或她将雇用顾问熟悉设计师的工作,或者在大公司里,使用内部人才。

Here there is enough information generated to reasonably make judgments about the big system ideas. 这里有足够的信息生成对大系统的想法合理的做出判断。

His role is more of a “facilitator” than a decision-maker. 他的角色更多的是一种“促进者”不是一个决策者。

How it is handled is determined by the delivery method chosen by the owner. 如何处理是由业主选择的交付方法。

How the packages are assembled is very important and depends on the local conditions in both the marketplace and the work force.

如何组装包是非常重要的,取决于当地的市场和劳动力的状况。

However, any savings generated during the early phases of design are the most difficult to document since there are often no formalized drawings or plans.

然而,任何储蓄生成在设计的早期阶段以来最难文档通常没有正式的图纸或计划。

However, as projects become more complex and the need for early completion more accelerated, construction professionals may be brought in during the design process to provide preconstruction services.

然而,随着项目越来越复杂,需要提早完成更加快,建筑专业人士可能带来了在设计过程中提供分段装配服务。

However, as projects have gotten bigger, schedules shortened, technologies changed, and regulations increased, many owners prefer to separate construction and design expertise early in the project.

然而,随着项目变得更大,时间缩短,技术改变,法规增加,许多业主更愿意单独的建筑和设计专业知识在项目的早期。 However, because these are not contractual in nature, they are properly part of general conditions. 然而,因为这些不是合同在本质上,他们是正确的一般条件的一部分。

However, construction management means different things to different people. 然而,施工管理对不同的人意味着不同的东西。

However, constructions that are mostly contracts under seal do have consideration. 然而,建筑,主要是合同盖上公章有考虑。

However, even the simplest negotiations can take time. 然而,即使是最简单的谈判需要时间。

However, even with all the potential savings in cost and time and the possibility of better owner control over the subcontractors, there are disadvantages in splitting the work into separate packages. 然而,即使所有的潜在的节省成本和时间和更好的所有者控制分包商的可能性,有缺点把工作分成单独的包。

However, if an electrician provides services without expectation of payment or any other compensation,

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