5第五章 连词

第五章 连词

基础扫描

连词是用来连接单词、短语或句子的词。按照性质划分，连词可分为并列连词和从属连词。并列连词连接的是彼此平等的并列分句，主要用来表示并列关系、转折关系、选择关系、因果关系。从属连词连接的句子之间是主从句关系。本章着重讲解并列连词的用法，从属连词的用法会在名词性从句和状语从句中分别讲解。下表为并列连词按照构成的分类。 类别 简单连词 关联连词 分词连词 短语连词 典型例词 ? and和，but但是，or或者，because因为，so所以，if如果 ? both…and…两者都，not only…but also不仅?而且，not…but不是?而是 ? providing如果，provided如果，given假如，supposing如果 ? as if仿佛，even if即使，as long as只要as though仿佛，even though即使 考点透析与典题示例 考点1：以and为代表的表示语义引申的并列连词 用法 这一类并列连词在语义上表示其所连接的成分是对前项的补充和引申。主要包括： ①And和，并且；②both … and两者都； ③not only…but also不仅?而且； ④neither … nor既不?也不。 and连接并列成分除表示语义增补以经典例句 ? ①Gary and I went to the Great Wall yesterday. 我和Gary昨天去长城了。 ? ②Both he and his wife enjoy tennis. 他和他的妻子都喜欢网球。 ? ③He is not only strong and healthy but also very smart. 他不仅强健，而且很聪明。 ? ④It is neither hot nor cold in winter here. 这里冬天既不热也不冷。 ? ①I will set my goal and work toward it. 我要确立目标，然后为之努力。 ? ②Gary likes table tennis and Mary enjoys watching TV. Gary喜欢乒乓球而Mary喜欢看电视。 ? ③Love and you will be loved. 去爱别人，你就会得到别人的爱。 ? ④I missed supper and I'm starving! 我没吃午餐，所以我现在饿极了。 例1.Help others whenever you can _____ you will make the world a nicer place to live in. A. and B. or C. unless D. but

考点拓展外，还可表示其他意义： ①表顺承；②表对比和转折； ③表结果；④表因果。 ★考点2: 以but为代表的表示表转折关系的并列连词 用法 这类并列连词包括： ①but但是，而是； ②while然而（表示对比）； ③yet然而； ④not … but不是?而是。 经典例句 ? ①You can’t not change your past, but you can let it go. 你无法改变过去，但你可以忘记过去。 ? ②My life is limited while knowledge is limitless. 我生有涯而知识无限。 ? ③She said she would be late, yet she arrived on time.她说她会迟到，但她却准时到达了。 ? ④It’s not the beginning of the end, but the end of the beginning. 这并不是结局的开始而是开端的结局。 注意 but常用在“Excuse me，? Excuse me, but I'm afraid this is a no-smoking area. 对不起，但恐怕这里不是抽烟区。 I'm sorry”等表示歉意的短语? I’m sorry to trouble you, but can you help me with this word? 后，为习惯表达方式。 非常抱歉打扰你，但是你能告诉我这个单词是什么意思吗？ 例1. —Somebody wants you on the telephone.

—____ no one knows I’m here.

A. For B. And C. But D. So

例2. They wanted to charge $ 5,000 for the car, _______ we managed to bring the price down. A. but B. so C. when D. since

例3. I hope you don’t mind me asking, _____ where did you buy those shoes?

A. so B. and C. yet D. but

例4. Between the two generations, it is often not their age, ______ their education that causes misunderstanding. A. like B. as C. or D. but

例5. I'd like to study law at university ______ my cousin prefers geography. A. though B. as C. while D. for

例6. The cost of living in Glasgow is among the lowest in Britain, _____ the quality of life is probably one of the highest.

A. since B. when C. as D. while

考点3：以or为代表的表示选择关系的并列连词 用法 这类并列连词包括： ①or或者，否则； ②either… or或者?或者。 注意 连接并列成分时，一般在肯定句中用and，在否定句中用or。 经典例句 ? ①Give me liberty or give me death. 不自由，勿宁死。‖Wear your coat or you'll catch cold. 穿上外套，否则你会感冒的。 ? ②It's your choice! Either she leaves or I will! 你来决定！要么她离开要么我走。 ? He is tall and handsome. 他既高大又英俊。 ? He doesn't have a television or a radio. 她既没有电视也没有收音机。 例1. We’re going to the bookstore in Jone’s car. You can come with us _____ you can meet us there later. A. but B. and C. or D. then

例2. You have failed two tests. You’d better start working harder, _____ you won’t pass the course.

A. and B. so C. but D. or 例3. —I don’t like chicken _____ fish.

—I don’t like chicken _____ I like fish very much.

A. and; and B. and; but C. or; and D. or; but

例4. I grew up in Africa _____ at least I should say that I spent much of the first ten years of my life there.

A. and B. or C. so D. but

考点4：表示因果关系的连词 用法 表因果关系的并列连词主要有： ①so所以； ②for因为。 经典例句 ? ①I was feeling hungry, so I made myself a sandwich. 我觉得好饿，所以自己动手做了个三明治。 ? ②I am not afraid of tomorrow, for I have seen yesterday and I love today. 我不害怕明天，因为多已经历过昨天，而且我热爱今天。 例1. The shop doesn't open until 11 a.m., _____ it loses a lot of business.

A. for B. or C. but D. so

经典演练与疑难突破

1. Reality is not the way you wish things to be, nor the way they appear to be, ___the way they actually are. A. as B. or C. but D. and

2. Start out right away, ____ you’ll miss the first train. A. and B. but C. or D. while

3. We thought there were 35 students in the dining hall, _____, in fact, there were 40. A. while B. whether C. what D. which

4. I do every single bit of housework _____ my husband Bob just does the dishes now and then. A. since B. while C. when D. as

5. —I think George doesn’t really care for TV plays. —Right, _____ he still watches the program. A. and B. but C. or D. so

6. There are many kinds of sports, _____ my favorite is swimming.

A. as B. then C. so D. but

7. Excuse me for breaking in, _____ I have some news for you. A. so B. and C. but D. yet

8. One more week, _____ we will accomplish the task. A. or B. so that C. and D. if

综合训练与最新预测

1. I cannot tell whether she is old or young, _____ I have never seen her. A. but B. or C. for D. so

2. Mr. Li is very old, ____ he still works very hard. A. but B. if C. when D. as 3. We had camped ____ they knew what to take. A. because B. now C. so D. since

4. Our government should pay attention ____ to industry ____ to agriculture. A. either, or B. neither, nor C. not, but D. both, and

5. I’m sorry to have to say this, ______ you forgot to turn off the lights when you left the room last night. A. and B. but C. so D. because

6. ____ regular exercise is very important, it’s never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime. A.It B. As C.Although D.Unless 7. The form cannot be signed by anyone ______ yourself.

A. rather than B. other than C. more than D. better than 8. Try____ she might, Sue couldn’t get the door open. A. if B. when C. sine D. as 9. To be great, you must be smart, confident, and, ______, honest. A. therefore B. above all C. however 10 .—Someone wants you on the phone. —_____nobody knows I am here. A. Although A. till

B. And C. But D. So

D. but

11. Find ways to praise your children often, ____ you’ll find they will open their hearts to you.

B. or

C. and

12. Bring the flowers into a warm room ___ they'll soon open.

A. or B. and C. but D. for

13. The haouse was too expensive and too hig. _______, I’d grown fond of our little rented house. A.Besides B.Therefore C.Somehow D.Otherwise

14. The girl had hardly rung the bell the door was opened suddenly, and her friend rushed out to greet her.

A. before B. until C. as D. since

15. _____ our manage objects to Tom’s joining the club, we shall accept him as a member. A. Until B. Unless C. If D. After

D. after

16. The engineers are so busy that they have zero time for outdoor sports activities, ________they have the interest. A. wherever

B. whenever

C. even if

D. as if D. until

17. Just use this room for the time being, and we’ll offer you a larger one _______it becomes available A. as soon as B. unless

C. as far as

18. — Our holiday cost a lot of money.

— Did it? Well, that doesn’t matter______ you enjoyed yourselves. A as long as B unless C as soon as D though 19. Nowadays some hospitals refer to patients ______ name, not case number. A of B as C by D with 20. Mary made coffee ________ her guests were finishing their meal . A. so that B. although C. while D. as if 21. The little boy won’t go to sleep ______ his mother tells him a story. A. or B. unless C. but D. whether

22. The old man asked Lucy to move to another chair ______ he wanted to sit next to his wife. A．although B．unless C．because D．if

23. ______ they decide which college to go to, students should research the admission procedures. A. As B. While C. Until D. Once 24. —I wonder how much you charge for your services. —The first two are free the third costs $30.

A. while B. until C. when D. before 25 .John plays basketball well, _____his favorite sport is badminton.

A. so B. or C. yet D. for 26. You may use room as you like ____ you clean it up afterwards

A. so far as B. so long as C. in case D. even if

27. At first he hated the new job but decided to give himself a few months to see___ it got any better. A. when B. how C. why D. if

28. ______ the police thought he was the most likely one, since they had no exact proof about it, they could not arrest him. A. Although B. As long as C. If only D. As soon as

29. Owen wouldn’t eat anything ____________ he cooked it himself

A. until B. since C. unless D. while 30. The medicine works more effectively ____ you drink some hot water after taking it. A. as B. until C. although D. if

答案与精解

考点透析与典题示例?????

考点1：以and为代表的表示语义引申的并列连词

例1【思路分析】下划线前是一个祈使句，本题用连词and表示其结果。

答案题意】选A；能帮助他人时就帮，这样你就会把这个世界变成更好的居住之地。

★考点2: 以but为代表的表示表转折关系的并列连词

例1【思路分析】题干中两句话之间存在着明显的转折关系，故应用But。 【答案题意】选C；—有人打电话找你。—但是没有人知道我在这里呀。 例2【思路分析】根据题意可知本题应用表示转折关系的but。

【答案题意】选A；这辆车他们想要价5000美元，但是我们设法把价钱杀了下来。

例3【思路分析】but常用在表示引出请求的短句之后，表示语义上的轻微转折。 【答案题意】选D；我希望你不介意我的问题，（不过）你那双鞋从哪里买的？ 例4【思路分析】Not … but意为是“不是?而是”，用以连接两个并列成分。

【答案题意】选D；两代人之间的误解往往不是他们的年龄而是他们所接受的教育引起的。 例5【思路分析】此处表示两种情况之间的对比，应用连词while。

【答案题意】选C；我想去大学学习法律，而我的表弟更喜欢学习地理。

例6【思路分析】题干中逗号前后的两个分句中的lowest和highest在语义上形成显明对比，故下划线处应用while。 【答案题意】选D；格拉斯哥的生活费用在英国处于最低水平的行列，而那里的生活质量很可能处于最高水平的行列。

考点3：以or为代表的表示选择关系的并列连词

例1【思路分析】在come with us和meet us there later两者之间选择，故本题应用表示选择的并列连词or。 【答案题意】选C；我们要坐Jone的车去书店，你可以跟我们一块儿去或者一会儿你到那儿找我们也行。 例2【思路分析】四个选项中只有or符合题意，意为“否则”，表示要避免的一种坏的结果。 【答案题意】选D；你已经两次不及格了。你最好开始努力学习，否则你别想通过这门课的考试。 例3【思路分析】连接否定句的并列用or；第二句话表转折，选but。

【答案题意】选D；—我不喜欢吃鸡也不喜欢吃鱼。—我不喜欢吃鸡但我很喜欢吃鱼。

例4【思路分析】or (at least)此处引导同义词或说明语，对前文进行纠正或者再给出些更详细的信息。 【答案题意】选B；我在非洲长大，或者至少可以说我出生后的头十年都是在那里度过的。

考点4：表示因果关系的连词

例1【思路分析】题干中的第二句是第一句的结果，故应用连词so来表示。

【答案题意】选D；这家商店一直到上午11点才开门，所以这家店损失了很多生意。

经典演练与疑难突破?????

1. C题意：现实不是你所期望那样，也不是它们所看起来的那样，而是它们实际存在的样子。not … nor … but为固定的关

联连词，用以几个并列的成分，意为“既不是?也不是?而是”。

2. C 题意：赶快出发，否则你就误了火车了。or意为“否则”，符合题意，在这里表示为了避免发生糟糕的事情。 3. A题意：我认为餐厅里有35个学生，而事实上那里有40个。根据题意可知本题应用while表示对比关系。

4. B 题意：我在家里各种琐碎家务都做，而我的老公Bob只是偶尔做洗洗餐具。此处用while表示前后两种情况的对比。 5. B题意：—我认为George并不太喜欢看电视剧。—对，不过他仍然还看电视。

6. D题意：运动有好多种，但我最爱游泳。题干中两个分句之间的关系为转折，故下划线处应用but。

7. C题意：很抱歉，打断一下，我有一些消息要告诉你。“I am sorry, but…”和“Excuse me, but…”为习惯表达方式。 8. C题意：再有一个星期，我们就能完成工作。One more week为一个省略式的祈使句，下划线处用连词and表示其结果。

综合训练与最新预测?????

1. C题意：我说不出她究竟多大年龄，因为我从未见过她。

2. A 题意：他已经上了岁数了但是工作起来还是那么努力。But表转折。 3. C 题意：我们以前野营过一次，所以知道该带什么东西。So表结果。

4. D 题意：我们政府既要重视工业也要重视农业。Both…and…意思是“即?也?”连接两个并列成分。

5. B题意：很抱歉说这些，但是你昨晚离开时忘了关灯。“I am sorry, but…”和“Excuse me, but…”为习惯表达方式。 6. C【解析】although“尽管”; As “如”; Unless “除非”。句意为：尽管有规律的运动很重要，但是在睡前运动不是一

个好主意。 7. B

8. D【解析】题目前半句说，她试过；后半句说Sue不能打开门，明显前后两句意思相反。As表示虽然，尽管。

9. B

10. C【解析】前半句为：有人给你打电话；后半句为：没有人知道我在这儿，根据句子意思可知前后两句明显为转折关系，

因此选C。

11. C【解析】分析前后分句逻辑关系，是条件或假设关系，而且“祈使句+and/or/otherwise…”固定句型所以选C. 12. B【解析】固定句型祈使句+and/or+简单句。根据题意，应为顺承关系。

13. A【解析】句意为这个房子太贵太大。…我已经对我的小的租用房越来越感兴趣了。根据前后句判断出为并列关系。Besides

此外，表并列，therefore 因此，表因果，somehow 无论如何，表转折，otherwise 除此之外，表转折。选A。 14. A〖解析〗根据 “rung the bell” 和 “the door was opened “的发生先后, 可以得出答案。句子的含义是：女孩还没来得及按

门铃, 门就突然打开了。她的朋友们一拥而上去欢迎她。

15. B〖解析〗此句意思是 “除非我们经理反对tom加入俱乐部, 不然我们都应接受他成为其中一员。” 16. C〖解析〗句意为 “工程师们非常繁忙, 即使（even if）有户外体育活动的兴趣也没有时间去做。” 17. A〖解析〗句意为 “仅暂时使用此房间, 它一（as soon as）可以正常使用, 我们就提供你一个大点的。”

18. A〖解析〗as long as只要 unless 除非否则 as soon as 一就 though虽然, 后一句为只要你玩的开心, 花多少钱就不重要。 19. C

20. C 〖解析〗句意：Mary做咖啡当她的客人们将要结束用餐的时候。根据选项此题考查连词的用法。so that译为 “以便”

表示目的, although译为 “尽管, 虽然”, as if译为 “好像”, while译为 “当….的时候”, 因此while符合句意, 选择C。 21. B〖解析〗句意：这个小男孩儿不会睡觉除非他的妈妈给他讲故事。根据选项此题考查连词的用法。or译为 “或者”表示

选择, unless译为 “除非”表示条件, but译为 “但是”表示转折, whether译为 “是否”, 根据句意选择B。

22. C〖解析〗句意：这位老人叫露丝挪到另一把椅子上因为他想跟他妻子挨着坐。空格前后两个句子在逻辑意义上存在原

因关系, 所以用because引导原因状语从句。Although引导让步状语从句, unless和if引导条件状语从句。

23. D〖解析〗此题重在句意的判断。 “一旦学生们决定了去哪所大学读书, 他们就得研究下办理入学的手续。”A. As当；因

为...B. while做连词强调一件事发生时另外一个动作正在进行；C. Until直到...D. Once一旦。因此选D 24. A〖解析〗while表转折 “而, 然而”。根据句子意思, 前两份免费, 而第三份要$30。

25. D〖解析〗前半句说, “约翰打棒球打得很好, 后半句却说 “他最喜欢的运动是打羽毛球”, 所以前后两句话存在转折关系,

故选C yet “但是, 然而”来表示转折。

26. C〖解析〗so far as “就…, 据…”so long as “只要”, 引导条件状语从句。in case “以防, 以免”； even if “即使, 尽管”。根

据句意：你可以随心所欲的使用这个房间, 只要之后你把房间打扫干净。

27. D〖解析〗根据句意：起初, 他对这项新工作持犹豫态度, 但又决定给自己几个月的时间看能否好些, 可知选D。 28. A〖解析〗根据句意, 引导让步状语从句。故选A。

29. C〖解析〗该句的意思是：欧文不吃任何东西, 除非这种东西是他自己

30. D〖解析〗该题的意思是, 这种药的效果更明显, 如果你在吃药后喝一些开水的话。

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