一张一弛 仁者爱人 仁政 以民为本 民为贵，社稷次之，君为轻 性善论 小国寡民 无为而治 汉代经学 Alternate tension with relaxation The benevolent love others Benevolent government People are the foundation of the state People come first, the state comes second and the king third The theory of original goodness of human nature A small state with a small population The rule of inaction Imperial Confucianism in the Han Dynasty
1. China’s ancient civilization originated mainly in the Yellow River Valley and the Yangtze River Valley. ( )
2. In Primitive society, three types of regional economy—farming, pasturage and fishing gradually came into existence. ( )
3. In the Warring States Period，China entered the Iron age. ( )
4. Buddhism was introduced to China in middle of the Han Dynasties. ( ) 5. The four great inventions all appeared in Song Dynasty. ( ) 6. Mencius supposed that every man is kind by nature. ( )
7. The Five Classics includes The Book of Poetry, The Book of history, The Book of Rites, The Book of Changes and The Book of Analects by Confucius. ( )
8. Situated in the continent of Southeast Asia, China is located in relatively enclosed geographical surroundings. ( )
9. The unique thinking pattern of the Chinese are the dialectical thinking and the thinking in the mode of Confucian classics’ study. ( )
10. The scroll of painting entitled The Festival of Pure Brightness on the River presented a vivid panorama of the town life in Tang Dynasty. ( ) 1. T 2. T
3. F Warring States Period 改为 Spring and Autumn Period. 4. T
5. F 改正：Three great inventions (the art of printing, the making of the gunpowder and compass) appeared in Song Dynasty. 6. T
7. F The Book of Analects by Confucius改为The Spring and Autumn Annals 8. F Southeast Asia改为East Asia 9. T
10. F Tang Dynasty改为Song Dynasty
1. The culture includes the __________________________ and __________________________ as well as their materialized presentations.
2. __________________________,__________________________,________________________ and __________________________ were regarded as the four greatest classical novels in Chinese culture.
3. The mainstream of the ancient Chinese culture was based on the ________________________. 4. The structure of the Chinese culture is typical of __________________________.
5. The agricultural society, which lasted for several thousand years, with ____________________ ______________in the leading position, exerted a strong influence on the development of the Chinese culture.
6. The realistic life the Chinese were after was to “keep your family in order, govern the state effectively and __________________________”.
7. Lao Zi's ideal society is __________________________.
8.The major productive mode was the natural family economy with the man __________________________ and the woman weaving at home.
9. In terms of their worldview and philosophy of life，the Chinese developed a rational nation of seeking for harmony and __________________________ as well as an optimistic sentiment to be content with one’s lot.
10. The core of the Confucian ideology is ____________________ and ____________________. 1. cultural fusion and political unity1. 文化融合，政治统一
2. encouraging farming but limiting commerce 2. 劝农抑商
3. discarding the old and embracing the new3. 吐故纳新
4. the descendants of Yandi and Huangdi4. 炎黄子孙
5. the inscriptions on tortoise shells or animal bones5. 甲骨文
6. burning books and burying Confucian scholars alive6. 焚书坑儒
7. averting calamities and praying for blessings7. 消灾祈福 8. the theory of original goodness of human nature8. 性善论
9. Out of depth of misfortune comes bliss. 9. 否极泰来
10. All the land under the sun belongs to the king; all the people within this country are the king’s subjects. 10. 普天之下，莫非王土，率土之滨，莫非王臣
1. spiritual culture, behavioral culture
2. The Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Heroes of the Marshes, Pilgrimage to the West, A Dream of Red Mansions
3. agricultural civilization 4. integrated pluralism
5. the small-scale peasant economy 6. bring peace to the world
7. a small state with a small population 8. cultivating the land
9. maintaining, equilibrium 10. propriety, benevolence
Explain “the golden mean”. 解释中庸 (10%)
1) Zhongyong or the golden mean is composed of two Chinese characters. Zhong means neither too many nor too few, neither too much nor too little; yong means neither outstanding nor
common. In other words, whatever you do and whomever you happen to deal with, you should always adhere to this principle. (P97)
2) The golden mean is a methodology. It stresses the unity of opposites(矛盾的对立统一), like that of benevolence and rites in politics, poverty and wealth in economy, righteousness and interests in ethics, teaching and learning as well as learning and thinking in education, moral
integrity and ability, polish and substance as well as force and grace in the molding of personality. It attempts to seek a relative equilibrium between two contradictory sides. It is for the impartial(不偏不倚) and mild but against the extreme.
1. The Book of Poetry was written by Confucius. ( F )
2. The Book of Rites mainly discusses the principles of conduct of the scholar-bureaucrats. ( T ) 3. The Book of History is the source of narrative writing in China. ( T )
4. Kun Opera was gradually on the wane because it was only enjoyed by the nobles in the royal court, not the general public. ( T )
5. According to The Doctrine of the Mean, loyalty, filial piety, benevolence and propriety are all parts of human nature. ( F )
6. While Confucius advocated “killing oneself for yi”, Mencius encouraged “killing oneself for ren”. ( )
7.The Confucian Analects appeared right after the passing away of Confucius . ( )
8. The Doctrine of the Mean is another essay in The Book of Rites, which is about the Confucian Philosophy of life. ( )
9. Commentary on the Waterway Classic was written by Li Daoyuan of the Northern Song Dynasty. ( )
10. The three ancient operas of the world include Chinese traditional opera, ancient Greek tragedy, and Indian Sanskrit opera. ( )
11. Landscape painting is the earliest kind of traditional Chinese painting. ( )
12. Ouyang Xun, Yan Zhenqing, Liu Gongquan of the Tang Dynasty and Zhao Mengfu of the
Yuan Dynasty are collectively known as the “Four Great Masters of the Regular Script”. ( ) 13. Among the five major scripts in Chinese calligraphy,official script appeared the earliest. ( )
14.
15. The Four Books refers to The Great Learning, The Doctrine of The Mean, The Confucian Analects and The Works of Mencius. ( ) 16. Beijing opera was originally a local drama in Anhui Province. ( )
17. The Book of History is a complete collection of the history ancient China. ( )
18. Yi Ching is a book used for the interpretation of Yi Zhuan. ( ) 19. The Doctrine of the Mean is a sister chapter to The Great Learning.
( )
20. Artistic conception is the soul of traditional Chinese landscape painting . ( )
1. F Key：The Book of Poetry was compiled by Confucius. 5. F Key：propriety 改为 love 6. F Key：While Confucius advocated “killing oneself for ren”, Mencius encouraged “killing oneself for yi”.
7. F Key：right after改为70 years after 8. T 9. T 10. T
11. F Key：Landscape painting改为Figure painting. 12. T
13. F Key: official script 改为 seal charater 14. F Key：Wi Daozi 改为Gu Kaizhi 15. T 16. T
17. F Key：complete改为incomplete.
18. F Key：Yi Ching与Yi Zhuan的位置互换. 19. T 20. T
1. The First major collection of Chinese poems is __________________________.
2. The core of ren is “__________________________” or “____________________”. 3. Calligraphy is known for its beautiful shape, ____________________ and artistic conception. 4. \
'5. According to the Confucian scholars of the Song Dynasty, while The Great Learning is __________________________, The Doctrine of the Mean teaches __________________________.
6. The Four Treasures of the Study are ____________________, ink-stick, paper and________________.
7. Seal cutting, though based on____________________, is a comparatively independent traditional art form.
8. The Great Learning is about the__________________________ and the wisdoms of __________________________ during the “daxue” period of ancient China.
9. Subjects as plums, ______________,_________ and chrysanthemums became very popular among the literati painters.
10. The Five Classics include The book of poetry, _________,________, the book of rites, _______ and Spring and Autumn Annals
11. According to the performance style, Beijing Opera can be divided into
____________________, which are characterized by singing and acting, and “martial” ones, which feature acrobatics and stunts.
12. Confucius believes that being benevolent does not mean being without ______________.
13. The Four Books and The Five Classics are a must for ancient scholars who had to pass the __________________________ to become government officials .
14.Han Fei, a former student of _______, synthesized the thoughts of the _______ School of the pre-Qin period.
15. Yi is __________________________ under the guidance of ren. 1. The Book of Poetry
2. The benevolent love others, universal love 3. rich emotion 4. filial piety
5. a gateway to perfect virtue, the ways of the world 6. the writing brush, ink-slab 7. Chinese calligraphy
8. cultivation of one’s moral character, governing a country 9. orchids, bamboo
10. The book of History, The book of Changes 11. “civil” pieces 12. principles
13. imperial competitive examination 14. Xunzi, Leglalist 15. the codes of conduct
1. 祭歌 2. 东方思维模式 3. 恻隐之心，人皆有之 4. 霸王别姬
5. 脸谱 6. 闲情逸致的仕女
7. 仁者乐山，智者乐水 8. 寄物言志
9. 楷书 10. 文化代码 1. sacrificial songs
2. oriental mode of thinking
3. All men have natural sympathies. 4. Farewell My Concubine 5. facial make-up
6. leisurely and carefree beauties
7. A true man loves the mountains; a wise man loves the sea. 8. expressing ideas through certain objects 9. Regular Script 10. cultural tokens
The Four Books (The Great Learning , The Doctrine of the Mean , The Confucian Analects , and The Works of Mencius ) and The Five Classics (The Book of Poetry , The Book of History , The
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