not. These cues, which may be words, gestures, expressions with the face, customs, or norms, are acquired by all of us in the course of growing up and are as much a part of our culture as the language we speak or the beliefs we accept. All of us depend for our peace of mind and our efficiency on hundreds of these cues, most of which we do not carry on the level of conscious awareness.
Now when an individual enters a strange culture, all or most of these familiar cues are removed. He or she is like a fish out of water. No matter how broad-minded or full of goodwill you may be, a number of supports have been knocked out from under you followed by a feeling of frustration and anxiety. People respond to the frustration in much the same way. First they reject the environment which causes the discomfort. \the host country are bad because they make me feel bad.\strange land get together to complain about the host country and its people, you can be sure they are suffering from culture shock. Another stage of culture shock is regression. The home country suddenly assumes a great importance. To the foreigner everything becomes much greater than it really is. All the difficulties and problems are forgotten and only the good things back home are remembered. It usually takes a trip home to bring one back to reality.
71. According to the passage, culture shock is _________________.
A. an expected disease of foreign people B. may lead to very serious symptoms C. actually not a disease D. something that can't be changed
72. According to the passage, culture shock results from ________________.
A. the sudden loss of our own signs and sights of social activities B. the sudden change of our daily habits
C. the sudden change of the social situation and customs D. the discomfort that we feel when faced with a foreigner
73. Which one of the following may NOT be the symptoms of culture shock?
A. You don't know how to express your thanks.
B. You don't know how to greet other people. C. You suddenly forget what a word means.
D. You don't understand why a foreigner acts in a certain way.
74. How would a person who stays abroad most probably act when he is frustrated by the
culture shock according to the passage?
A. He is most likely to refuse to absorb the strange environment at first. B. He may begin to hate the people or things around him.
C. He is ready to accept the change and change himself to the new environment. D. Although he takes the cultural differences to be regular, he still doesn't know what to do with them.
75. This passage is most likely taken from ______________.
A. a news report B. a grammar book
C. a book on medicine and psychology D. an essay on human customs
Passage 2
Stare at the clock. Make silly drawings. Stare at the clock again. Complain about the weather.
The clock? It's still there, ticking even more slowly. No, none of this was planned for the meeting.
You'd love to get your work done, but instead you spend half your day in a meeting room.
Office workers spend an average of 23 hours a week in meetings, according to the Wharton Center for Applied Research in the US. And, these workers consider only 58 percent of that time useful.
It doesn't have to be this way. Here are a few guidelines for you to use meetings
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effectively, not eat up your productivity.
1) Know what you want. \realistically what you intend to accomplish,\says Gayle Brickman, a US communication instructor. \should not take place.\
2) Figure out whether a face-to-face meeting is necessary. Would a group email be enough? A couple of phone calls? These ways would probably be more efficient with fellow workers you know well.
3) Pick the right times. If possible, avoid planning meetings during your most productive hours. If everyone runs to the break room for coffee at 10:30 am, that would be an excellent time to have informal staff meetings.
4) Be prepared. Read the plan for what needs to be done. Study the numbers on the project you're putting forward. If there are papers to be discussed, hand them out the day before to those who will attend the meeting.
5) Keep track of the time for them. Set apart a certain amount of time each week for the meetings, and keep to it.
If you still find yourself caught in meeting after meeting, don't feel bad. At least your organization obviously thinks your physical presence is valuable.
76. A worker who is in a meeting that he doesn't want to take part in is likely to
___________. A.draw funny pictures B. change the clock C. check the weather D. plan another meeting
77. Office workers think that _________ the time used in meetings is wasted.
A. more than half of B. almost all of C. less than half of
D. none of
78. In this passage, we are advised to follow some principles in order to __________.
A. learn guidelines B. eat up productivity C. make the most of meetings D. increase production
79. To decide whether a meeting is necessary, we may ask the following questions except
\
A. Can I solve the problem by email or phone call? B. Will my fellow workers like to have this meeting? C. What is the purpose of this meeting? D. What do I intend to get from the meeting?
80. It is a good time to have informal staff meetings ___________.
A. when you and your coworkers are most productive B. when all the staff are having a coffee break C. before you hand out the information to be discussed B. when you can keep track of the time
Passage 3
You will be surprised how often people simply want to get things off their chests. All you have to do is just listen. Keep on listening. Don't answer back, and in nine cases out of ten, your staff will leave your room perfectly happy and satisfied.
Even ordinary things should be noticed and appreciated. That's what the smart boss does. So you shouldn't just praise once and forget about it. If someone has done a good job, you should mention it again and again and again, because for most of us the desire for appreciation is never satisfied.
Moreover, a good supervisor (监管者) certainly notices the changes in all members of his staff and asks about them. When a staff member is back from leave, the good
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supervisor asks the staff member how he enjoyed his time off. He welcomes him back with a cheerful smile. It is just these small touches that make all the difference between a pleasant and unpleasant working environment.
It is a fact that anyone loves being given attention, and you have to recognize it if you want good results when dealing with people. People crave (渴求) attention. And they will get it one way or another. If they can't get it by being constructive (建设性的), they will get it by being destructive (破坏性的). Don't ignore people. Even a few seconds of attention periodically (周期性地) can make all the difference.
As a boss, before you yourself eat or look after your own needs, you must see to the needs of your people. You should also keep yourself in touch with the habits and ways of the people who work for you. Give them plenty of chances to say what they think. Encourage them to do so. This is one of the best ways to keep open the lines of communication. Do this often. Talk to your people. Get to know what's on their minds. Then you will be able to anticipate their needs and even stop trouble well before a matter becomes serious.
81. It may be surprising that people in general just ___________________.
A. feel happy and satisfied often
B. wish to reveal their innermost feelings C. listen to what others have to say D. want to answer back when told something
82. To be a smart boss, you should ____________________.
A. only praise your staff members for a good job sometimes B. show your craving (渴求) for appreciation again and again C. take notice of ordinary things and show your appreciation D. do a good job and expect your staff members to praise you
83. We can guess that these small touches of your care __________________.
A. enhance the pleasant feelings at work B. urge your staff members to come back
C. enable yourself to go on working D. keep your staff members working hard
84. It is a general fact that people _______________________.
A. want good results in their work B. want to work without being bothered
C. would become constructive (建设性的) when neglected D. have a strong desire for attention
85. The passage is mainly about _____________________.
A. praise being better than criticism B. how to be a smart boss C. listening to your staff D. making a difference
Passage 4
Tonga is made up of about 150 islands located in the South Pacific Ocean. There are three main groups of islands—Vava'u in the north, Ha'apai in the middle, and Tongatapu in the south. Most of the eastern islands are made up of dead animal remains. The higher islands in the west were formed by a process of mountain building. Large areas on these islands are too mountainous to be used for crops. Some of the mountains are still active—which means that they can be dangerous. Many of the smaller islands do not have any people on them. There are only two large towns—Nukualofa, the capital, and Neiafu. These towns are Tonga's chief ports.
Tonga has few natural resources. The most important resources are a pleasant sunny climate and natural beauty, which attract growing numbers of tourists. Because of its location, Tonga is sometimes hit by storms. One such storm, in 1982, caused high winds and huge waves that destroyed many homes, including almost all of the buildings in Nuku'alofa.
Tonga was a British protected state from 1900 until 1970, when it became fully free from foreign rule again. Britain was responsible for Tonga's foreign affairs, but the Tongan
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nobles still controlled local matters. For most of this period, Tonga was ruled by Queen Salote Tupou III. During the time of her leadership, education and health care were expanded and women were given the right to help choose the leaders. The Tongan government is a mixture of Polynesian tradition and Western methods. The government, in part, is made up of a seven-member body appointed by the king, seven nobles chosen by the nobles, and seven persons chosen by all adult citizens.
Tonga's small size, lack of resources, and growing population have created problems. But the country is well governed, and sound plans for the future are being made.
86. According to the passage, Tonga is ________.
A. a small country to the North of the United States B. a country with very rich natural resources
C. is a country made up of more than a hundred small islands D. is a country whose government depends totally on Britain 87. Which of the following statements about Tonga is NOT true?
A. Tonga attracts large numbers of tourists every year. B. Tonga is subject to natural disasters because of it location. C. The islands in Tonga are quite fit for growing crops. D. Tonga doesn't have many large cities. 88. What is true about Tonga's political status?
A. Tonga's foreign affairs are still controlled by the British. B. Tonga became free from the UK over thirty years ago. C. Tonga is not governed well because women have power. D. Tongan women have very high social status.
89. Which of the following is the problem that Tonga is facing now?
A. The lack of natural resources and its small size. B. Hunger of its people because of crop problems. C. Failure of health care and education systems. D. Social problems and disorders since 1970.
90. This passage is most probably taken from _________.
A. a textbook on different places in the world B. a book on human civilization C. a book on the world economy D. a book on environmental protection
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