苯乙烯的合成

宁夏理工学院毕业设计

摘 要

本设计是年产50万吨苯乙烯（SM）工艺设计。主要是对苯乙烯生产工艺的研究，本文对我国苯乙烯工业生产技术，SM的性质及用途，发展进程，以及苯乙烯的生产方法都做了叙述。

并且对苯乙烯的生产和应用进行了简单的叙述，还就生产苯乙烯的工艺选择，原理方法，工艺选择的必要性以及苯乙烯的影响因素进行了详细的概述。在确定苯乙烯生产工艺的基础上对主要设备进行了物料衡算，热量衡算，设备选型等。讨论了生产安全的相关问题与三废的排出和处理方案。

最后在上述内容的基础上绘制了带控制点的工艺流程图，希望本设计能够为苯乙烯生产工艺的创新和改进有所帮助。

关键词：苯乙烯；脱氢；精馏；物料衡算；热量衡算；三废处理

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宁夏理工学院毕业设计

Abstract

The design is an annual output of 500000 tons of styrene (SM) process design.Research is mainly for styrene production process, the production technology of styrene in China industry, properties and uses, SM development process, and a process for the production of styrene are described.

The production and application of styrene are briefly described, process selection, also on the production of styrene principle, factors necessary process selection and effect of styrene is outlined in detail. The styrene production process is the main equipment for the material balance, heat balance, equipment selection, etc... Discharge and treatment scheme is discussed issues related to production safety and waste.

Finally, on the basis of above content rendering process flow chart with control points, I hope this design can help for styrene production process innovation and improvement.

Keywords: Styrene; Dehydrogenation; Distillation; Material balance; Heat balance; Waste

treatment

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宁夏理工学院毕业设计

目 录

摘要 .................................................................................................................................................. I Abstract .......................................................................................................................................... II 目录 ............................................................................................................................................... III 第一章 综述 .............................................................................................................................. - 1 -

1.1 苯乙烯的性质和用途 .................................................................................................. - 1 - 1.2 原料的性质、用途 ...................................................................................................... - 1 -

1.2.1 乙苯的性质 ........................................................................................................ - 1 - 1.2.2 乙苯的主要用途 ................................................................................................ - 2 - 1.3 苯乙烯生产技术的发展 .............................................................................................. - 2 -

1.3.1 乙苯脱氢法 ........................................................................................................ - 2 - 1.3.2 新工艺进展 ........................................................................................................ - 4 - 1.4 苯乙烯的现状和发展趋势 .......................................................................................... - 5 -

1.4.1 全球产业环境 .................................................................................................... - 5 - 1.4.2 国内市场现状 .................................................................................................... - 5 - 1.4.3 消费结构 ............................................................................................................ - 6 - 1.4.4 国内市场发展趋势 ............................................................................................ - 6 - 1.5 生产工艺的反应历程 .................................................................................................. - 6 -

1.5.1 反应方程式 ........................................................................................................ - 6 - 1.5.2 反应过程 ............................................................................................................ - 7 - 1.5.3 生产方式的选取 ................................................................................................ - 8 - 1.6 生产工艺说明 .............................................................................................................. - 8 -

1.6.1 生产任务 ............................................................................................................ - 8 - 1.6.2 生产方法的确定 ................................................................................................ - 8 - 1.6.3 生产控制参数及具体操作 ................................................................................ - 9 -

第二章 主要设备物料衡算 .................................................................................................... - 11 -

2.1 主要设备物料衡算 .................................................................................................... - 11 -

2.1.1 计算依据 .......................................................................................................... - 11 - 2.1.2 进出脱氢反应器的物料衡算 .......................................................................... - 12 -

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宁夏理工学院毕业设计

2.1.3 冷凝油水分离阶段的物料衡算 ...................................................................... - 13 - 2.1.4 粗馏塔的物料衡算 .......................................................................................... - 14 - 2.1.5 乙苯塔的物料衡算表 ...................................................................................... - 14 - 2.1.6 苯乙烯精馏塔的物料衡算 .............................................................................. - 14 - 2.1.7 苯∕甲苯的物料衡算 ......................................................................................... - 15 -

第三章 主要设备热量衡算 .................................................................................................... - 16 -

3.1 热量衡算 .................................................................................................................... - 16 -

3.1.1 能量守恒定律 .................................................................................................. - 16 - 3.1.2 热量计算 .......................................................................................................... - 16 - 3.1.3 热量衡算表 ...................................................................................................... - 18 - 3.2 苯∕甲苯精馏塔的设计计算 ....................................................................................... - 19 -

3.2.1 精馏塔的物料衡算 .......................................................................................... - 19 - 3.2.2 精馏塔的塔体工艺尺寸计算 .......................................................................... - 20 - 3.2.3 筛板的流体力学验算 ...................................................................................... - 21 - 3.3 苯乙烯精馏塔的设计 ................................................................................................ - 23 -

3.3.1 原料液及塔顶、塔底产品的摩尔分率 .......................................................... - 24 - 3.3.2 原料液及塔顶、塔底产品的平均摩尔质量 .................................................. - 24 - 3.3.3 物料衡算 .......................................................................................................... - 24 - 3.4 冷凝器的设计 ............................................................................................................ - 24 - 3.5 油水分离器 ................................................................................................................ - 25 - 3.6 过热蒸汽炉 ................................................................................................................ - 26 - 第四章 “三废”处理和安全事项 ............................................................................................ - 27 -

4.1 废水 ............................................................................................................................ - 27 - 4.2 废气 ............................................................................................................................ - 27 - 4.3 废渣 ............................................................................................................................ - 27 - 4.4 副产品处理一览表 .................................................................................................... - 27 - 4.5 废物处理一览表 ........................................................................................................ - 27 - 4.6 安全事项 .................................................................................................................... - 28 - 参考文献 .................................................................................................................................. - 29 - 结束语 ...................................................................................................................................... - 30 -

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宁夏理工学院毕业设计

致谢 .......................................................................................................................................... - 31 - 附录 .......................................................................................................................................... - 32 -

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