初三英语时态总复习 初中阶段应掌握的时态共有八种,即一般现在时,一般将来时,一般过去时,现在进行时,过去进行时,过去将来时,现在完成时,过去完成时。现从结构,作用,时间状语三方面加以介绍。
● 动词形式分五种:1.动词原形→ 2.第三人称单数→ 3.过去式→ 4.过去分词→ 5.现在分
词 用法及作用 词典、单词表所给词形,用于一1. 动词原形 般现在时(主语为复数)及情态动词、助动词后。 2. 动词原形+ 用于现在时单数第三人称。其词s/es 尾变化规则与名词复数变化规则相同。 3. 动词过去用于一般过去时态。 式 4. 过去分词 动词形式 举例 Flowers smell sweet. They enjoy dancing to the music. You should be more polite. He is a 16-year-old student. She washes her hands several times. I wrote a book last year. We were in Grade Two in 2003. They had many tests last week. 用于各种完成时态、被动语态。 We have learned nearly 1600 words. 其变化分为规则和不规则两种。 He had written 8 letters before 9. The classroom is cleaned every day. 5. 现在分词 用于各种进行时态。现在进行You are listening to me explaining. 时、过去进行时。词尾以-INGHe was having an exam at 8 yesterday. 结尾。 一、一般现在时 其结构为:be动词 肯定句 主语+am,is,are+其它。 否定句 主语+am,is,are + not+其它。 一般疑问句 Am,Is,Are+主语+其它? 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+am,is,are+主语+其它? 实意动词 1)主语为第一,二人称及第三人称复数时 肯定句 主语+动词原形+其它。 否定句 主语+don't+动词原形+其它。 一般疑问句 Do +主语+动词原形+其它? 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+do+主语+动词原形+其它? 2)主语为第三人称单数时 肯定句 主语+动词第三人称单数 +其它。 否定句 主语+doesn't+动词原形+其它。 一般疑问句 Does+主语+动词原形+其它? 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+does+主语+动词原形+其它?
其作用为:表示习惯性,经常性的动作;表示现在的状态与特征;表示普遍真理
其常用时间状语为often,always,usually,sometimes,everyday(week,year...), in the morning(afternoon,evening)等。
Ex . 1. _______ she _______ (go)to the library every Sunday?
此题为习惯性动作,答案为Does,go.
2.They often _______(swim)in summer. 此题为经常性动作,答案为swim.
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3.______(be)everyone here?
此题表示现在的状态,答案为Is.
4.The earth______(travel) round the sun. 此题表示普遍真理,答案为travels.
二、一般过去时
其结构为:be动词 肯定句 主语+was,were+其它。
否定句 主语+was,were + not+其它。 一般疑问句 Was,Were+主语+其它?
特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+was,were+主语+其它? 实意动词 肯定句 主语+动词过去式+其它。
否定句 主语+didn't+动词原形+其它。 一般疑问句 Did+主语+动词原形+其它? 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其它?
其作用为:表示过去的情况或过去习惯性动作
其常用时间状语为 yesterday,the day before yesterday,...ago,last...及其它表过去的时间,如in 1998 等.
Ex. 1.I_____the number down on a piece of paper a moment ago. A write B writed C wrote D writing
此题表过去的情况,且write为不规则动词,答案为C. 2.Everything______ready before Father came.
A were B was C is D are
此题句中暗示为过去时,且everything后跟第三人称单数,答案为B.
3.He always _______me last term.
A helped B helps C helping D help
此题表过去习惯性动作,且help为规则动词,答案为A.
三、一般将来时
其结构为:be动词 肯定句 主语+will be+其它。 否定句 主语+will not be+其它。 一般疑问句 Will+主语be+其它?
特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+will+主语+be+其它? 实意动词 肯定句 主语+will+动词原形+其它。
否定句 主语+won't+动词原形+其它。 一般疑问句 Will+主语+动词原形+其它? 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+will+主语+动词原形+其它?
当主语是第一人称时,助动词可为 shall.且若为疑问句只能为shall. 其作用为:表示将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态. 也可用 主语+am,is,are+going to do+动词原形+其它来表示计划,打算或决定要做的事情。
对于很快就会发生的事,还可用进行时态表将来,但常局限于有位置移动色彩的动词,如go,come,leave等。
其常用时间状语为 tomorrow,the day after tomorrow,next...,in+时间段及其它表将来的时间,如in 2010 等.
Ex. 1.Hurry up,or you_______(be)late.
2.What_____you________(do)tomorrow?
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3.They_______(have) 6 subjects next term.
4.I think it________ again later in the day .
A rains B will going to rain C is going to rain D will be rain
5.Where________this time next year?
A will you be B will be you C you will be D will you going to be
四、现在进行时
其结构为: 肯定句 主语+ am,is,are+现在分词+其他.
否定句 主语+ am,is,are +not+现在分词+其他. 一般疑问句 Am,Is,Are+主语+现在分词+其他?
特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+am,is,are+主语+现在分词+其他?
其作用为:表示说话当时正在发生的动作或现阶段正在进行的动作 其常用时间状语为 now,this week,these days 等,也可是置于句首的 Look,Listen. 现在进行时也可表示最近按计划安排将进行的动作,常会有一个表将来的时间状语。但仅限于少量词语,如go,come,leave,arrive 等。
注:表态度,情感的动词和感官动词不能用于进行时态(like,know,want,hear等) Ex. 1.They are planting trees on the hill. (改为否定句) They are not planting trees on the hill.
2.Tom is writing a letter to his friend. (改为一般疑问句) Is Tom writing a letter to his friend?
3.I am getting ready to run. (就划线部分提问) What are you getting ready to do?
五、过去进行时
其结构为: 肯定句 主语+was,were+现在分词+其他.
否定句 主语+was,were+not+现在分词+其他. 一般疑问句 Was,Were+主语+现在分词+其他?
特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+was,were+主语+现在分词+其他?
其作用为:表示过去某个时刻或时段正在进行的动作。
其时间状语为:at this time+过去时间 (at this time yesterday),at that time, at+具体时间点+过去时间(at 9:00 o'clock last night),from 具体时间点 to 具体时间点+过去时间(from 7:00 to 10:00 yesterday morning)。
过去进行时还可以与一般过去时搭配用于时间状语从句中。强调动作延续时用过去进行时,强调动作瞬间发生时用一般过去时。常用连词为when,while.
Ex. 1.He __________(not work) at that time. wasn't working.
2.When the teacher_________(come)in,they_________(talk) loudly. came 为瞬间发生的动作,were talking 为持续的动作。 3.What______you_______(read) last night?
如此题强调的是昨夜正在读什么,则答案为 were,reaing如此题强调的是昨夜读了什么,则答案为 did,read
4.His mother ________(return)while he_______(do)his homework. returned为瞬间发生的动作,was doing 为持续的动作。
5.My father______(watch)TV while my mother_________(cook).
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was watching,was cooking 两动词均为持续的动作。while 后的从句动词必须为进行时态。若主句和从句均为进行时,连词必须为 while .
六、现在完成时
其结构为:肯定句 主语+ have,has +过去分词+其它。
否定句 主语+ have,has +not+过去分词+其它。 一般疑问句 Have,Has+ 主语+过去分词+其它?
特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+ have,has+主语+过去分词+其它?
其作用与时间状语:
1)表示过去发生的动作影响到现在,常与 already, yet, ever, never, just, before 等副词连用。
2)表示过去发生的动作持续到现在,常与表一段时间的时间状语连用。如 for+时间段, since+过去时间,提问用How long.
此外,so far, in (during) the last (past)+时间段 也是该时态的时间状语。 现在完成时强调过去与现在的联系,而一般过去时只强调过去的动作,与现在无关。 在现在完成时的第二个作用中,必须使用持续性动词,故某些表瞬间的动词需要特定的转换形式。
如:die---have been dead,open---have been open, close---have been closed,buy---have had, borrow---have kept
arrive (in,at),come(to)+ a place---have been in +a place,leave+ a place---have been away from+ a place,join+团体---have been in+团体,have been a+团体成员等
Ex. 1 How long have you ______the book?
A borrowed B kept C lent D bought
答案为B。因此处需要一个持续性动词。
2.We _________each other since he ______.
A didn't see,left B haven't seen,has left C haven't seen,left
答案为C.因since的主句为现在完成时,从句为过去时。
3.____he______(wait) for you for an hour? Has,waited 4.We________just______(have) our lunch. Have,had
5.So far, no man_________(visit) this village. has visited
七、过去将来时
其结构为:be动词 肯定句 主语+would be+其它。
否定句 主语+would not be+其它。 一般疑问句 Would+主语+be+其它?
特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+would+主语+be+其它? 实意动词 肯定句 主语+Would+动词原形+其它。
否定句 主语+wouldn't+动词原形+其它。 一般疑问句 Would+主语+动词原形+其它? 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+would+主语+动词原形+其它?
注:也可用 was,were+going to do 的结构来表示。
其作用为:表示从过去某时看将要发生的事情.此时态常用于主句是一般过去时的宾语从句中。
Ex. 1.Linda told me that she________(go)to the park the next day. would go 2.We didn't know when he________(arrive)until he called us. would arrive 3.They asked if they ________(visit )the farm by bus. were going to visit
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八、过去完成时
其结构为:肯定句 主语+ had + 过去分词+其它。
否定句 主语+ had + not+过去分词+其它。 一般疑问句 Had+ 主语+ 过去分词+其它?
特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+ had+ 主语+过去分词+其它?
其作用为:过去某时之前已发生的动作或情况,即过去的过去,与现在无关。 此时态常用于
1)以by,before+过去时间,时间段+before,the (week...)before为时间状语的简单句中。
2)主句为一般过去时的宾语从句中。 3)与一般过去时搭配,用于when,after,before引导的时间状语从句中 Ex. 1.We ____(be) there twice by the end of last year. had been 2.They_________(finish)the work before 1998. had finished 3.He said he ________(see) the film the week before. had seen 4.The sun________(rise) when he got up. had risen 5.Yesterday,I ________(leave)the classroom after I ______(clean) it. left had cleaned 现在完成时中,关于终止性动词与持续性动词的要求,在过去完成时中,依然适用。
EXERCISES 一、用所给动词的适当形式填空 1.I usually (get) up at six,but yesterday I (get) up at seven, and tomorrow I (get) up at eight. 2.When I got there, you already (start) playing. 3.She (draw) a horse at this time yesterday. 4.We (study) in this school for 3 years. 5.If it (not rain) tomorrow, they (go) fishing. 6.Lily said that she (put) on the new dress the next day. 7.How many times the girl (see) the film since last year? 8.Jack (collect) more than two hundred Chinese stamps. 9.By the end of last month, he (teach) us four English songs. 10.The doctors (operate) on the sick boy now. 11.My brother (speak) French well. 12.There (be) a volleyball match on the playground tomorrow afternoon. 13.Look,the students (have) a physics lesson in the lab. 14.When we (arrive) home yesterday afternoon, the wind (blow) hard. 15.We never (hear) the story of Miss Evans before. 16.I (not write) to my friend Mike for a long time.
17.Please (not open) the window. It (be) cold outside. 18.Hurry up! We (wait) for you.
19.Listen! Someone (knock) at the door. 20.Do you know if he (come) next week?
21.Soon they (build) a high way between the two cities.
22.I just (buy) a dictionary. I (buy) it last week. Now, I (look) up a word in it.
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