(l) receipt of notice that there has been a loss of, or material order
cancellation by, any major customer of the Company;
(m) to the Company’s knowledge, any other event or condition of any
character, other than events affecting the economy or the Company’s industry generally, that could reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect; or
(n) any arrangement or commitment by the Company to do any of the
things described in this Subsection 2.15. 2.16 Employee Matters. (a) As of the date hereof, the Company employs [________] full-time
employees and [________] part-time employees and engages [________] consultants or independent contractors. [Subsection 2.16 of] the Disclosure Schedule sets forth a detailed description of all compensation, including salary, bonus, severance obligations and deferred compensation paid or payable for each officer, employee, consultant and independent contractor of the Company who received compensation in excess of $[________] for the fiscal year ended [____ __, 20_] or is anticipated to receive compensation in excess of $[________] for the fiscal year ending [____ __, 20_].33
(b) To the Company’s knowledge, none of its employees is obligated
under any contract (including licenses, covenants or commitments of any nature) or other agreement, or subject to any judgment, decree or order of any court or administrative agency, that would materially interfere with such employee’s ability to promote the interest of the Company or that would conflict with the Company’s business. Neither the execution or delivery of the Transaction Agreements, nor the carrying on of the Company’s business by the employees of the Company, nor the conduct of the Company’s business as now conducted and as presently proposed to be conducted, will, to the Company’s knowledge, conflict with or result in a breach of the terms, conditions, or provisions of, or constitute a default under, any contract, covenant or instrument under which any such employee is now obligated.
(c) The Company is not delinquent in payments to any of its
employees, consultants, or independent contractors for any wages, salaries, commissions, bonuses, or other direct compensation for any service performed for it to the date hereof or amounts required to be reimbursed to such employees, consultants or independent contractors. The Company has complied in all material respects with all applicable state and federal equal employment opportunity laws and with other laws related to employment, including those related to wages, hours, worker classification and collective bargaining. The Company has withheld and paid to the appropriate governmental entity or is holding for payment not yet due to such governmental entity all amounts required to be withheld from employees of the Company and is Many practitioners prefer not to list employee compensation in the Disclosure Schedule,
particularly if employees are participating in the round. Even if there is no employee participation, however, employee compensation is a sensitive matter for many companies, and there is always a risk of the Disclosure Schedule inadvertently winding up in the wrong hands.
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not liable for any arrears of wages, taxes, penalties or other sums for failure to comply with any of the foregoing.
(d) To the Company’s knowledge, no Key Employee intends to
terminate employment with the Company or is otherwise likely to become unavailable to continue as a Key Employee, nor does the Company have a present intention to terminate the employment of any of the foregoing. The employment of each employee of the Company is terminable at the will of the Company. Except as set forth in Subsection 2.16 of the Disclosure Schedule or as required by law, upon termination of the employment of any such employees, no severance or other payments will become due. Except as set forth in Subsection 2.16 of the Disclosure Schedule, the Company has no policy, practice, plan or program of paying severance pay or any form of severance compensation in connection with the termination of employment services.
(e) The Company has not made any representations regarding equity
incentives to any officer, employee, director or consultant that are inconsistent with the share amounts and terms set forth in the minutes of meetings of the Company’s board of directors. (f) Each former Key Employee whose employment was terminated by
the Company has entered into an agreement with the Company providing for the full release of any claims against the Company or any related party arising out of such employment.
(g) Subsection 2.16 of the Disclosure Schedule sets forth each
employee benefit plan maintained, established or sponsored by the Company, or which the Company participates in or contributes to, which is subject to the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (“ERISA”). The Company has made all required contributions and has no liability to any such employee benefit plan, other than liability for health plan continuation coverage described in Part 6 of Title I(B) of ERISA, and has complied in all material respects with all applicable laws for any such employee benefit plan.
(h) [The Company is not bound by or subject to (and none of its assets
or properties is bound by or subject to) any written or oral, express or implied, contract, commitment or arrangement with any labor union, and no labor union has requested or, to the knowledge of the Company, has sought to represent any of the employees, representatives or agents of the Company. There is no strike or other labor dispute involving the Company pending, or to the Company’s knowledge, threatened, which could have a Material Adverse Effect, nor is the Company aware of any labor organization activity involving its employees.]
(i) [To the Company’s knowledge, none of the Key Employees or
directors34 of the Company has been (a) subject to voluntary or involuntary petition under the federal bankruptcy laws or any state insolvency law or the appointment of a receiver, fiscal agent or similar officer by a court for his business or property; (b) convicted in a criminal proceeding or named as a subject of a pending criminal proceeding (excluding traffic violations and other 34
See footnote 29 – same point as to investor directors.
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minor offenses); (c) subject to any order, judgment or decree (not subsequently reversed, suspended, or vacated) of any court of competent jurisdiction permanently or temporarily enjoining him from engaging, or otherwise imposing limits or conditions on his engagement in any securities, investment advisory, banking, insurance, or other type of business or acting as an officer or director of a public company; or (d) found by a court of competent jurisdiction in a civil action or by the Securities and Exchange Commission or the Commodity Futures Trading Commission to have violated any federal or state securities, commodities, or unfair trade practices law, which such judgment or finding has not been subsequently reversed, suspended, or vacated.]
2.17 Tax Returns and Payments. There are no federal, state, county, local or foreign taxes due and payable by the Company which have not been timely paid. There are no accrued and unpaid federal, state, country, local or foreign taxes of the Company which are due, whether or not assessed or disputed. There have been no examinations or audits of any tax returns or reports by any applicable federal, state, local or foreign governmental agency. The Company has duly and timely filed all federal, state, county, local and foreign tax returns required to have been filed by it and there are in effect no waivers of applicable statutes of limitations with respect to taxes for any year.
2.18 Insurance.35 The Company has in full force and effect fire and casualty
insurance policies with extended coverage, sufficient in amount (subject to reasonable deductions) to allow it to replace any of its properties that might be damaged or destroyed. 2.19 Employee Agreements. Each current and former employee, consultant
and officer of the Company has executed an agreement with the Company regarding confidentiality and proprietary information substantially in the form or forms delivered to the counsel for the Purchasers (the “Confidential Information Agreements”). No current or former Key Employee has excluded works or inventions from his or her assignment of inventions pursuant to such Key Employee’s Confidential Information Agreement. Each current and former Key Employee has executed a [non-competition and] non-solicitation agreement substantially in the form or forms delivered to counsel for the Purchasers. The Company is not aware that any of its Key Employees is in violation of any agreement covered by this Subsection 2.19. 2.20 Permits. The Company has all franchises, permits, licenses and any
similar authority necessary for the conduct of its business, the lack of which could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. The Company is not in default in any material respect under any of such franchises, permits, licenses or other similar authority.
2.21 Corporate Documents. The Restated Certificate and Bylaws of the
Company are in the form provided to the Purchasers. The copy of the minute books of the The investors may negotiate life insurance coverage in favor of the Company for certain founders
or other key employees. If such coverage is in effect prior to the closing, it may be appropriate to add to this representation a statement of the covered individuals and amount of coverage for each.
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Company provided to the Purchasers contains minutes of all meetings of directors and stockholders and all actions by written consent without a meeting by the directors and stockholders since the date of incorporation and accurately reflects in all material respects all actions by the directors (and any committee of directors) and stockholders with respect to all transactions referred to in such minutes.
2.22 [83(b) Elections. To the Company’s knowledge, all elections and notices
under Section 83(b) of the Code have been or will be timely filed by all individuals who have acquired unvested shares of the Company’s Common Stock.]36
2.23 [Real Property Holding Corporation.37 The Company is not now and has
never been a “United States real property holding corporation” as defined in the Code and any applicable regulations promulgated thereunder. The Company has filed with the Internal Revenue Service all statements, if any, with its United States income tax returns which are required under such regulations.]
2.24 Environmental and Safety Laws. Except as could not reasonably be
expected to have a Material Adverse Effect [to the best of its knowledge] (a) the Company is and has been in compliance with all Environmental Laws; (b) there has been no release or [to the Company’s knowledge] threatened release of any pollutant, contaminant or toxic or hazardous material, substance or waste or petroleum or any fraction thereof (each a “Hazardous Substance”), on, upon, into or from any site currently or heretofore owned, leased or otherwise used by the Company; (c) there have been no Hazardous Substances generated by the Company that have been disposed of or come to rest at any site that has been included in any published U.S. federal, state or local “superfund” site list or any other similar list of hazardous or toxic waste sites published by any governmental authority in the United States; and (d) there are no underground storage tanks located on, no polychlorinated biphenyls (“PCBs”) or PCB-containing equipment used or stored on, and no hazardous waste as defined by the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, as amended, stored on, any site owned or operated by the Company, except for the storage of hazardous waste in compliance with Environmental Laws. The Company has made available to the Purchasers true and complete copies of all material environmental records, reports, notifications, certificates of need, permits, pending permit applications, correspondence, engineering studies and environmental studies or assessments. This representation is fairly standard in West Coast venture financing transactions; it is much less
common in financings originating on the East Coast.
37 This representation is appropriate if there are foreign investors (i.e., nonresident aliens) involved
in the financing, since they are subject to the Foreign Investment Real Property Tax Act of 1980 (“FIRPTA”). Under FIRPTA, a transfer of an interest in a U.S. Real Property Holding Corporation (a “USRPHC”) by a foreign investor is subject to tax withholding, notwithstanding the general rule that sales of stock by foreigners are not subject to U.S. taxation. A corporation is USRPHC if more than fifty percent (50%) of its assets consist of U.S. real property. While very few, if any, venture capital investors are USRPHCs, it is customary to provide this representation in order to ensure that any foreign investors will not be subject to tax withholding. Regardless of FIRPTA, if a foreign person or entity is, directly or indirectly, acquiring a ten percent (10%) or greater voting interest in the Company, it must file Form BE-13 with the U.S. Department of Commerce unless an exemption applies.
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For purposes of this Subection 2.24, “Environmental Laws” means any law,
regulation, or other applicable requirement relating to (a) releases or threatened release of Hazardous Substance; (b) pollution or protection of employee health or safety, public health or the environment; or (c) the manufacture, handling, transport, use, treatment, storage, or disposal of Hazardous Substances.
2.25 [Qualified Small Business Stock.38 As of and immediately following the
Closing: (i) the Company will be an eligible corporation as defined in Section 1202(e)(4) of the Code, (ii) the Company will not have made purchases of its own stock described in Code Section 1202(c)(3)(B) during the one (1) year period preceding the Initial Closing, except for purchases that are disregarded for such purposes under Treasury Regulation Section 1.1202-2, and (iii) the Company’s aggregate gross assets, as defined by Code Section 1202(d)(2), at no time between its incorporation and through the Initial Closing have exceeded $50 million, taking into account the assets of any corporations required to be aggregated with the Company in accordance with Code Section 1202(d)(3); provided, however, that in no event shall the Company be liable to the Purchasers or any other party for any damages arising from any subsequently proven or identified error in the Company’s determination with respect to the applicability or interpretation of Code Section 1202, unless such determination shall have been given by the Company in a manner either grossly negligent or fraudulent.]
2.26 Disclosure.39 The Company has made available to the Purchasers all the
information reasonably available to the Company that the Purchasers have requested for deciding whether to acquire the Shares, including certain of the Company’s projections describing its proposed business plan (the “Business Plan”). No representation or warranty of the Company contained in this Agreement, as qualified by the Disclosure Schedule, and no certificate furnished or to be furnished to Purchasers at the Closing contains any untrue statement of a material fact or[, to the Company’s knowledge,] omits to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements contained herein or therein not misleading in light of the circumstances Section 1202 of the Internal Revenue Code provides for a fifty percent (50%) exclusion (subject to
certain limitations) from taxable income of gains recognized on the disposition of certain stock in qualifying corporations that has been held for at least five years. Although investors may ask for such a representation, companies may resist on the theory that the analysis regarding current compliance is complex, and that many elements of the test are outside the Company’s control. In any event, compliance with numerous other requirements during the time the investor holds the stock is needed for the investor to qualify for the benefits of Section 1202.
39 There is no consensus position on what should be included in the “Disclosure” representation.
Purchasers will generally try to obtain an unqualified representation that none of the written information and business plan information provided to them by the Company contains a material misstatement or a materially misleading omission. The Company will generally try to resist such a broad representation, on the basis that a 10b-5 type representation, commonly found in an IPO prospectus, is inappropriate for a private financing in which a prospectus-type due diligence process has not occurred. The language shown represents a compromise position. It is important to note that the investors’ right of recovery for a breach of this rep may be broader than under Rule SEC 10b-5, because in order to prevail in a Rule 10b-5 securities fraud action, the purchaser must establish that the seller acted with scienter. That is, a purely innocent misrepresentation normally does not give rise to civil liability under 10b-5. Another issue for a Series A investor to consider is the relative utility of this rep to the Series A investor at this stage, versus the risk of giving such a broad rep to investors in later rounds (who, in a worst case, may be looking for a rep on which to “hang their hat” if they decide they want out of the investment).
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