taught me some simple ways to help me hold my breath for longer while swimming underwater. By the end of the session, I could hold my breath for 90 seconds, long enough to let me swim across the pool. Sam swam across the pool three times easily. She could hold her breath for five minutes, while swimming. Five minutes!
I asked how she did it: very slow breathing for several minutes before each dive, then a big, deep
breath before diving in.
Our heart rate doesn’t slow down when we hold our breath. At least, it doesn’t if you’re doing it on
land. When you’re under cold water, the heart rate slows down in most people. This change in our bodies is useful in diving – but it is even more useful for not drowning.
Holding our breath is becoming very useful in one particular area of medicine. Radiotherapy for
breast cancer involves pointing radiation exactly at the tumor. It’s usually done in short periods, between breaths. But, if the patient can hold their breath for several minutes, it means that doctors can give the complete radiation dose, in the right place, all at the same time. The problem, of course, is that most people cannot hold their breath for several minutes. But doctors at University Hospital Birmingham have shown that, if patients are given air with extra oxygen before holding their breath, they can hold it for five-and-a-half minutes.
Surprisingly, to achieve this you have to fool the diaphragm (横膈膜). When you breathe in, you’re
pulling the muscle of your diaphragm flat so that the volume of your chest increases – this pulls the air into your lungs. When you hold your breath, you keep your diaphragm like that. If you breathe extra oxygen before a breath-hold, as in the Birmingham radiotherapy experiments, you may be able to stop the diaphragm from becoming tired too quickly. So, it’s your diaphragm, the main muscle of breathing, that is in charge when you are holding your breath. But, in the end, even if you’ve fooled it for a while, the signals from the diaphragm become too strong and you have to give up – and take a breath. 78. According to the author _________ is the name of the sport in which people swim underwater while holding their breath.
79. From what Sam Amps is doing, we know that she is a______________. 80. Why is holding breath becoming very useful in radiotherapy for breast cancer?
81. The purpose of the trick to holding your breath for a long time is to _________________.
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第II卷（共47分）
I. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 1. 诚实、谦虚、大度、合作是我校精英气质的体现。(generous) 2. 政府采取的措施比预期的发挥了更有效的经济推动作用。(play a role) 3. 我知道他在说谎，可我无法揭穿他编织的谎言。（refute）
4. 毫无疑问我们现在的头等大事就是为受灾地区输送食物及药品物资。（priority）
5. 抗战伟大胜利重新确立了中国在世界上的大国地位，使中国人民赢得了世界爱好和平人民的尊敬。(win)
II. Guided writing（25分）
Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words. The composition must be based on the information given below.
Shanghai Tourism Festival has been held annually in the middle of September for more than twenty years since 1990, attracting eight million people to it. It acts as a perfect event for locals and foreigners to discover Shanghai's fascinating culture and history. A number of traditional and non-traditional entertainment programs are held, and Shanghai's unique charms and native pleasures are well displayed. Please design a memorable and wonderful one-day trip for either of the tourists to tour round Shanghai and explain your reason for the well-planned tour.
Tourist A: Hu Sheng, a retired engineer, who left Shanghai 30 years ago and never had an opportunity
to come back for a visit, is looking forward to seeing Shanghai, his birthplace.
Tourist B: Da Shan, a 14-year-old schoolboy, who lives in a rural mountainous village in Anhui and has
never been out of his hometown, is invited to experience a cultural exchange for a week.
The first and the last sentences have been written for you. Dear Hu Sheng / Da Shan,
Welcome to Shanghai. Here is the customized tour which I carefully designed for you only. The specially designed one day tour of Shanghai is like this; …
_______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Hope you will like this plan and enjoy your tour and I am looking forward to seeing you in Shanghai soon. Yours Tom
12
2015第一学期七宝中学高三英语期中考试答题卡
姓名：__________ 班级：__________ I． Listening: 8％ 学号：__________ 17. ______________________ 18. ______________________
19. ______________________ 20. ______________________ 21._______________________ 22. ______________________ 23._______________________ 24. ______________________ II. Grammar: 15’
25. ____________________ 26._____________________ 27. ____________________ 28. _____________________ 29. ____________________ 30. _____________________ 31. ____________________ 32. _____________________ 33. ____________________ 34. _____________________ 35. ____________________ 36. _____________________ 37. ____________________ 38. _____________________ 39. ____________________ 40. _____________________
V. Q & A: 8%
78. _______________________________________________________________________ 79. _______________________________________________________________________ 80. _______________________________________________________________________ 81. _______________________________________________________________________
13
VI． Translation: 22％
1. 诚实、谦虚、大度、合作是我校精英气质的体现。(generous) ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________
2. 政府采取的措施比预期的发挥了更有效的经济推动作用。(play a role) ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ 3. 我知道他在说谎，可我无法揭穿他编织的谎言。（refute）
___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________
4. 毫无疑问我们现在的头等大事就是为受灾地区输送食物及药品物资。（priority） __________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________
5. 抗战伟大胜利重新确立了中国在世界上的大国地位，使中国人民赢得了世界爱好和平人民的尊敬。(win)
___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________
14
II. Guided writing (25分)
Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given.
Shanghai Tourism Festival has been held annually in the middle of September for more than twenty years since 1990, attracting eight million people to it. It acts as a perfect event for locals and foreigners to discover Shanghai's fascinating culture and history. A number of traditional and non-traditional entertainment programs are held, and Shanghai's unique charms and native pleasures are well displayed. Please design a memorable and wonderful one-day trip for either of the tourists to tour round Shanghai and explain your reason for the well-planned tour.
Tourist A: Hu Sheng, a retired engineer, who left Shanghai 30 years ago and never had an opportunity
to come back for a visit, is looking forward to seeing Shanghai, his birthplace.
Tourist B: Da Shan, a 14-year-old schoolboy, who lives in a rural mountainous village in Anhui and has
never been out of his hometown, is invited to experience a cultural exchange for a week.
The first and the last sentences have been written for you. Dear Hu Sheng / Da Shan,
Welcome to Shanghai. Here is the customized tour which I carefully designed for you only. The specially designed one day tour of Shanghai is like this; …
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
15
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