2013年高考英语阅读理解备考指南-命题趋势及真题解析

2013年高考英语阅读理解备考指南

高考阅读理解注重题材的多样化、现代化和生活化，不仅主题广泛、科学实用，而且生动有趣。阅读理解涵盖了人物故事、名人传记、前沿科技、环境保护、地理现象和历史文化等话题。

高考阅读理解命题趋势

注重体裁的多样化

从体裁方面看，高考阅读理解尽量追求体裁的多样化。总的说来，一般分为以下四种：记叙文、说明文、应用文和议论文。近9年高考阅读理解对体裁的考查呈这样的趋势：说明文一般占31%左右;记叙文占23%左右;应用文占13%左右;议论文占16%左右，夹叙夹议占17%。(详见下图7)考查最多的是说明文，特别是介绍国外新科技、新发明的文章，一直是高考考查的热点，这也符合学习外语的根本目的。议论文的考查往往是难度最大、最有区分度的体裁，考生失误较多的题目往往出现在议论文，因此大家对议论文也应该给予足够的重视。

展现题材的丰富性

高考阅读理解注重题材的多样化、现代化和生活化，不仅主题广泛、科学实用，而且生动有趣。阅读理解涵盖了人物故事、名人传记、前沿科技、环境保护、地理现象和历史文化等话题，并且趋向于当今世界的热点话题，充分体现了语言是文化的载体这一重要思想。相较来看，社会文化、人物故事、科普知识和时文报道类的文章占有较大的比重(详见下图8)。

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不同题型考查了学生不同层面的阅读能力，同时又有所侧重

阅读理解题型多样，比较全面的考查了考生不同层面的阅读能力。题型分布合理，以细节理解题为主，对推理判断题和主旨大意题的考查整体呈上升趋势。(详见下图9)

综上所述，我们不难发现，体裁多样化，题材丰富化，题型的能力化，已成为高考英语阅读理解考查的一个趋势。

高考阅读理解真题汇总

（一）阅读真题之时文报道 （2010·四川高考）

Somali pirates （海盗） robbed three Thai fishing ships with 77 sailors on board nearly 1，200 miles off the Somali coast， the farthest？？off？？shore attack to date， an officer said Tuesday.

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Pirates have gone farther south and east in answer to increased patrols（巡逻） by warships off the Somali shore. The robbing of the three ships Sunday was about 600 miles outside the normal operation area for the international force， said a spokesman.

The spokesman said the attack so far out at sea was a clear sign that the international patrols against pirates were having a “marked effect on pirate activity in the area”．

“Once they start attacking that far out， you‘re not even really talking about the Somali basin or areas of water that have any connection with Somalia.” said an officer， Roger Middleton. “Once you’re that far out， it‘s just the Indian Ocean，and it means you’re looking at trade going from the Gulf to Asia， from Asia to South Africa.”

“This is the farthest robbing to date. They are now operating near the Maldives and India.” said another officer. The three ships－the MV Prantalay 11，12，and 14－had 77 members on board in total. All of them are Thai， the spokesman said. Before the Sunday robbing， pirates held 11 ships and 228 sailors.

Pirates have increased attacks over the past year in hopes of catching more dollar payments. Because of increased patrols and defenses on board ships， the success rate（率） has gone down， though the number of successful attacks has stayed the same year over year.

1. The pirate attack reported in the text happened________. A. far out in the Indian Ocean B. in the normal patrol area C. near the Somali coast D. in the south of Africa

2. According to the text， which can best describe the situation of the pirate problems？ A. More goods on board are lost.

B. Pirate attacks happen in a larger area now.

C. The number of attacks has stayed the same these years.

D. Pirate attacks are as serious as before along the Somali coast.

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3. Which is TRUE about the warship patrols according to the text？ A. The patrols are of little effect. B. The patrols are more difficult.

C. More patrols are quite necessary even in Asia. D. The patrols only drive the pirates to other areas.

4. How many sailors were held by the pirates up to the time of the report？ A. 228. B. 77. C. 383. D. 305. 答案与解析

本篇文章为新闻报道类文体。报道索马里海盗抢劫三艘泰国渔船，并引用了官员的话，让读者了解当前的索马里海盗的形势。 1．A 细节理解题。“The robbing of the three ships Sunday was about 600 miles outside the normal operation area for the international force”以及“Once you‘re that far out， it’s just the Indian Ocean.。.”句意为“这次海盗袭击发生在国际护卫部队正常保护区域六百英里外”，“一旦你到了那么远，那就是印度洋了”可知正确答案为A项。 2．B 主旨大意题。文章主要报道发生在周末的对泰国渔船的袭击，就此事件引出索马里海盗的袭击已超越国际保卫队的正常护卫范围，而进入了更远的海域。

3．B 细节理解题。依据．。.the international patrols against pirates were having a “marked effect on pirate activity in the area”及Once you‘re that far out， it’s just the Indian Ocean， and it means you‘re looking at trade going from the Gulf to Asia， from Asia to South Africa. 可知应是巡逻难度加大了。

4．D 推理计算题。由文章首句“Somali pirates robbed three Thai fishing ships with 77 sailors on board.。.”及“Before the Sunday robbing， pirates held 11 ships and 228 sailors.”可知，到发报道为止，索马里海盗应劫持水手77＋228＝305人。

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（二）阅读真题之科普小品 （2011·全国卷Ⅱ）

For those who study the development of intelligence （智力） in the animal world，self？？awareness is an important measurement. An animal that is aware （意识） of itself has a high level of intelligence.

Awareness can be tested by studying whether the animal recognizes itself in the mirror， that is，its own reflected image （反射出的影像）。 Many animals fail this exercise bitterly， paying very little attention to the reflected image. Only humans， and some intelligent animals like apes and dolphins，have been shown to recognize that the image in the mirror is of themselves.

Now another animal has joined the club. In the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences， researchers report that an Asian elephant has passed the mirror self？？reflection test.

“We thought that elephants were the next important animal.” said Diana Reiss of the Wildlife Conservation Society， an author of the study with Joshua M. Plotnik and Fans B. M. de Waal of Emory University. With their large brains， Reiss said， elephants “seemed like cousins to apes and dolphins”．

The researchers tested Happy， Maxine and Patty， three elephants at the Bronx Zoo. They put an 8？？foot？？square mirror on a wall of the animals‘ play area （out of the sight of zoo visitors） and recorded what happened with cameras， including one built in the mirror.

The elephants used their long noses to find what was behind it， and to examine parts of their bodies. Of the three， Happy then passed the test， in which a clear mark was painted on one side of her face. She could tell the mark was there by looking in the mirror， and she used the mirror to touch the mark with her long nose. Diana Reiss said， “We knew elephants were intelligent， but now we can talk about their intelligence in a better way.”

1．What can mirror tests tell us about animals？ A．Whether they have large brains. B．Whether they have self？？awareness. C．Whether they enjoy outdoor exercises. D．Whether they enjoy playing with mirrors.

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