嘉兴学院本科生毕业设计
Fig. 11 Test results of proposed active power filter under condition of no load a Utility voltage b Utility current
Figure 11 shows the experimental result of the proposed active power filter under the condition of no load. The maximum fundamental reactive current can be obtained by calculating the utility voltage and the impedance of the series-connected inductor and capacitor set. The utility voltage is 380V; the RMS value of the fundamental reactive current of the active power filter is changed from 15A to 7.2A after compensation. This verifies that the proposed active power filter can supply adjustable reactive power.
6 Conclusions
The input features of power electronics related facilities are high input current harmonics and poor input power factor. In this paper, a novel active power filter and control method is proposed. The proposed active power filter can effectively suppress the harmonic current and supply an adjustable reactive power.It also has the advantages of lower voltage rating for DC capacitor and power electronic devices, smaller filter inductor, smaller dimensions, light weight, better filter performance and low electromagnetic interference(EMI).A three-phase 20KVA active power filter has been developed to demonstrate the performance of the proposed method. The experimental results show that the proposed active power filter has excellent performance in suppressing harmonic current. Furthermore, the hardware cost of the proposed active power filter is very competitive for harmonic loads whose input is a diode-rectifier or phase-controlled rectifier with a low-level voltage below 480 V.
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嘉兴学院本科生毕业设计
7 Acknowledgement
The authors would like to acknowledge the UIS Abler Electronics Co.,Ltd.,the financial support and engineers helped with the hardware implementation.
8 References
1 Henderson, R.D., and Rose, P.J.:‘Harmonics: the effects on power quality and transformers', IEEE Trans.Ind.Appl., 1994,41, pp. 528–532
2 Wu, C.J., Chiang, J.C., Yen, S.S., Liao, C.J., Yang, J.S., and Guo,T.Y.:‘Investigation and
mitigation of harmonic amplification problems caused by singleuned filters’,IEEE Trans. Power Deliv.,1998,13, pp.800–806
3 Chiang, S.J., Ai, W.J., and Lin, F.J.:‘Parallel operation of capacity-limited three-phase four-wire active power filters’,IEE Proc., Electr. Power Appl., 2002, 149, (5), pp. 329–336
4 Wu, J.C., and Jou, H.L.:‘A simpli?ed control method for single-phase active power filter’,IEE Proc.Electr.Power Appl., 1996, 143,pp. 219–224
5 Akagi, H.:‘Trends in active power line conditioners’,IEEE Trans.Power Electron., 1994, 9, (3), pp. 263–268
6 Abellan, A., Benavent, J.M., and Garcera, G.:‘A new control method for obtaining reference currents of shunt active power filters in unbalanced and non-sinusoidal conditions’.Proc. IEEE ISIE Conf.,1999, pp. 831–836
7 Singh, B., Al-Haddad, K., and Chandra, A.:‘A new control approach to three-phase active power filter for harmonics and reactive power compensation’, IEEE Trans. Power System, 1998, 13, (1), pp. 133–138
8 Wu, J.C., and Huang, S.J.: ‘Design and operations of cascaded activepower filters for the reduction of harmonic distortion in a power system’, IEE Proc. Gener. Transm. Distrib., 1999, 146, (2), pp. 193–199
9 Kawabata, T., and Komatsu, Y.: ‘Characteristics of three phase active power filter using extension pq theory’. Proc. IEEE ISIE, Conf., 1997,pp. 302–307
10 Yang, J., Wang, Y., and Wang, Z.: ‘A DSP controlled hybrid power filter used to compensate the harmonics and reactive power caused by electrical traction loads’.Proc.IEEE PESC Conf.,2003,pp. 1615–1620
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11 Fujita, H., and Akagi, H.:‘A practical approach to harmonic compensation in power system, series connection of passive and active filters’, IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., 1991, 38, pp. 1020–1025
12 Dixon, J., Espinoza, J., Moran, L., and Rivas, D.: ‘A simple control scheme for hybrid active power filter’. Proc. IEEE PESC Conf., 2000,pp. 991–996
13 Rahmani, S., Al-Haddad, K.A., and Fnaiech, F.:‘A new control technique based on the instantaneous active current applied to shunt hybrid power filters’. Proc. IEEE PESC Conf., 2003, pp. 808–813
14 EI-Habrouk, M., Darwish, M.K., and Mehta, P.: ‘Active power filters: a review, IEE Proc., Electr. Power Appl., 2000,147,(5),pp. 403–412
15 Mohan, Undeland,and Robbins,:‘Power electronics converters,applications and design’ (Media Enhanced, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,2003, 3rd edn.)
四、译文正文
1 引言
电力电子设备由于非线性输入特性,如负载,可产生显著的谐波电流。这种谐波电流会在电力系统中产生如变压器过热,旋转机械振动,较差的电压特性,电力元件损坏,医疗设施故障等问题。为了有效地减少谐波污染,很多限制谐波的标准已经制定出来,如IEEE519-1992,IEC1000-3-2,IEC1000-3-4等。因此,解决谐波问题是当今电力系统的一个重要议题。传统上用无源电力滤波器来解决这个问题,但是有一些缺点,如共振和拙劣的滤波性能。
近年来,在电力电子技术基础上已经开发出很多谐波抑制设备。这些设备中的有些能同时抑制非线性负载中不同的谐波成分,用同样的谐波抑制设备称为有源电力滤波器
[3-9][2]
[1]
。图1显示了一
个常规有源电力滤波器的系统单线图。这个系统包括一个滤波电感器,电源转换器和一个直流电容器。电力转换器用来将产生的补偿电流经滤波电感器注入电力馈线。滤波电感器是用来抑制电力电子器件在电源转换器中进行转换时所产生的高频率纹波电流。滤波电感器的电感取决于开关频率,直流电压和纹波电流值。直流电容器位于电源转换器的直流母线上,相当于一个能源缓冲器。虽然常规的有源电力滤波器能抑制谐波,但它有以下几个缺点:
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嘉兴学院本科生毕业设计
Fig. 1 常规有源电力滤波器的系统单线图
1 抑制电源转换器、滤波电感器中电力电子设备的倒闸操作所产生的纹波电流需要一个很大的电感。
2 电源转换器需要一个较高直流母线电压,引起较高的开关功率损耗和需要高电压等级的直流电容器和电力电子设备。
3 使用较大的滤波电感器会产生一个较大的功率损耗,能源效率低,散热多,体积尺寸和重量大。 4 使用较大的滤波电感器,也造成高频率响应。
因此,上述这些不利因素限制了常规有源电力滤波器的应用。
另一种解决谐波问题的办法,是采取一系列电源转换器与无源电力滤波器构成的一种混合型电力滤波器
[10-15]
。图2显示了一个无源电力滤波器串联电源转换器组成的常规混合电力滤波器。一
个或多个调谐滤波器组成的无源电力滤波器,它是用来过滤主要的谐波成分。因此,电力转换器的容量可减少。不过,它也有一些缺点:
Fig. 2 混合电力滤波器的系统单线图
1 在制造过程中,无源电力滤波器的无源元件的参数可能有错误。因此,如果无源电力滤波器的无源元件的参数不准确,不能降低有源电力滤波器的容量。
2 一般来说,无源滤波器的电感是铁合金做的,如硅钢片,大尺寸和重量导致资源浪费。此外,当电力转换器产生的高频率的纹波电流流经由硅钢片组成的电感,产生明显的功率损耗,使得电感中的热量增加。
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嘉兴学院本科生毕业设计
3 减小无源电力滤波器的尺寸,必须减少无源电力滤波器的电感和使用较大电容的电容器。但是,当操作这种负荷轻、容量大的无源电力滤波器,可引起很大的超前电流,降低了功率因数,增加了母线电压。
本文提出了一种新的有源滤波器和控制方法。这种有源电力滤波器具有谐波抑制和可调无功补偿。电源电流经过新型有源电力滤波器补偿后,可近似为正弦波形,在轻负荷条件下其输入功率因数与常规混合电力滤波器比较具有改善。为了证明该新型有源电力滤波器的性能,一个20千伏安的原型机已开发和测试。
2 系统配置及工作原理
有源电力滤波器的系统配置如图3所示,它包括了串联的电感器和电容器组,直流电容器,电源转换器,以及高频率的纹波滤波器。电压模式控制是用来控制电源转换器,电源转换器生成一个补偿电压,再转换成补偿电流流经该串联的电感器和电容器组,补偿电流流入电力馈线是为了过滤谐波电流和补偿非线性负载产生的无功功率。有源电力滤波器的配置与如图2所示的混合电力滤波器类似。不过功能及尺寸与无源元件(电感电容型)不相同。在有源电力滤波器中,串联的电感器和电容器组的电感非常少,而且它是用来过滤电源转换器中的开关纹波的。串联的电感器和电容器组中的电容器是用来提供基波的无功功率。不过,无源元件(电感电容型)在混合电力滤波器是用来调占主导地位的负载电流的谐波分量。混合电力滤波器中的电感比有源电力滤波器中的电感大,所以混合电力滤波器中的电感的尺寸和重量也大于有源电力滤波器中的电感。高频率纹波滤波器由一组电容器和电阻器组成,它是用来过滤掉更多的开关纹波,形成了功率转换器。
Fig. 3 新型有源电力滤波器的系统配置
图4所示的是有源电力滤波器的等效电路。它包括两个电压源:一种是有功电压源及另一种
是功率转换器产生的补偿电压源。电力转换器产生补偿电压,电力转换器是一个独立的电压源,其电压取决于负载电流的谐波成分和基波的无功成分。等效电路如图4所示,图4可进一步划分为如图5所示基波频率的等效电路和谐波频率等效电路。图5a所示的是基波频率下串联的电感器和电容器组的阻抗在基波频率是呈电容性的等效电路。调整产生的基波无功电流,功率转换器必须产
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