高中定语从句讲义（教师用）(3)

度假的日子。

I will never forget the days that / which we spent together. 我永远忘不了我们一起度过的日子。

C. This is the reason why he was dismissed. 这就是他被解雇的原因。

This is the reason that / which he explained to me for his not attending the meeting. 这就是他向我解释的他没有参加会议的原因。

（五）but 有时也用作关系词引导定语从句。如：

There are very few but admire his talents. 很少有人不赞赏他的才干的。（but = who don’t）

（六）定语从句与同位语从句的区别

1．从意义上讲：定语从句修饰限定先行词，它与先行词是修饰关系；同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，它与先行词是同位关系。

The plane that has just taken off is for Paris. （定语从句） 刚刚起飞的那架飞机是开往巴黎的。

The fact that he has already died is quite clear. （同位语从句） 他已经去世了，这个事实很明了。

2．从结构上讲：定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导，关系词在从句中担当相应的句子成分，关系代词在从句中作宾语时经常可省略。同位语从句主要由连词that 引导，在从句中一般不担当成分；有时也由where, when, how, who, whether, what 等连词引导，这些连词则在从句中担当成分。

The news that he told me is true. （定语从句） 他告诉我的消息是真的。

The news that he has just died is true. （同位语从句） 他刚刚去世了，这个消息是真的。 The problem that we are facing now is how we can collect so much money. (定语从句) 我们现在面临的问题是如何筹集这么多资金。

The problem how we can collect so much money is difficult to solve. （同位语从句） 我们如何筹集这么多资金，这个问题很难解决。

The question that he raised puzzled all of us. （定语从句） 他提出的问题让我们很为难。 The question whether he is sure to win the game is hard to answer. （同位语从句） 他是否一定会赢得那场比赛，这个问题很难回答。

3.从内涵上讲：同位语从句所说明的名词与从句没有逻辑关系，定语从句所选限定的名词是从句逻辑上的主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等。 The news that they won the match is true(同位语从句) The news that you told us yesterday is true.(定语从句)

The order when we should return hasn't reached us .(同位语从句)

The day when New China was founded will never be forgotten.(定语从句)

4. 另外：同位语从句与先行词一般可以用动词be发展成一个完整的句子, 而定语从句则不能。如：

A. The idea that he we could ask the teacher for advice is wonderful. （同位语从句）我们可以向老师请教，这个主意不错。

The idea was that we could ask the teacher for advice.

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B. The fact that the earth moves around the sun is known to all. （同位语从句） 地球围绕太阳转，这个事实人人皆知。

The fact is that the earth moves around the sun.

C. Pay attention to the problem how we can protect the wild animals. （同位语从句） 请注意如何保护野生动物这个问题。

The problem is how we can protect the wild animals. 5、所修饰的先行词不同，同位语从句前的名词数量有限，常用的有message, news, fact, hope, desire,problem, idea, suggestion, advice, question, order, belief, doubt, fear, truth等。而定语从句修饰的先行词则不受限制。

七、when、where、why引导的定语从句与状语从句的区别

When， where， why引导定语从句时，在句中作状语，其前面有相应的表示时间、地点或原因的先行词；when，where，why引导状语从句时，是从属连词，其引导的从句修饰主句的谓语动词或整个句子，而且前面没有表示时间、地点或原因的先行词。 Go back to the place where you came from.回到你来的地方。（定语从句） Go back where you came from.回到你来的地方。（状语从句）

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