pushing against the enclosing crater walls and smothering the present caverns in solid firm ice.
1. With what topic is the passage mainly concerned?
A) The importance of snowfall for Mount Rainier. B) The steam caves of Mount Rainier's. C) How ice covers are destroyed.
D) The eruption of Mount Saint Helens in 1980.
2. According to the passage, long periods of volcanic inactivity can lead to a volcanic cone's _______.
A) strong eruption B) sudden growth C) destruction D) unpredictability
3. The second paragraph mentions all of the following as necessary elements in the creation of steam caves EXCEPT _______.
A) a glacier B) a crater C) heat D) snow
4. According to the passage, heat from Mount Rainier's summit craters rises from _________.
A) crystalline ice B) firms C) chambers
D) fumaroles
5. \
A) eliminate B) enlarged C) prevented D) hollowed
BCADA 9
Moviegoers may think history is repeating itself this weekend. The summer's most anticipated film, Pearl Harbor, which has opened recently, painstakingly recreates the Japanese attack that drew the United States into World War II. But that isn't the film's only reminder of the past. Harbor invites comparison to Titanic, the biggest hit of all time. Like Titanic, Harbor heaps romance and action around a magor historical event. Like Titanic, Harbor attempts to create popular global entertainment from a deadly real-life. Like Titanic, Harbor costs a pretty penny and hopes to get in even more at the box office.
Both Titanic and Pearl Harbor unseal their tales of love and tragedy over more than three hours. Both stories center on young passion, triangles of tension with one woman and two men: In Titanic, LenardoDiCaprio and Billy Zane compete for the love of the same woman, a high-society type played by a British actress name Kate (Winslet). In Harbor, two pilots (Ben Affelck, Josh Hartnett) fall for the same woman, a nurse played by a British actress named Kate (Beckinsale). The scenes of peril also have similarities. Harbor has a shot in which soldiers cling for dear life as the battleship USS Oklahoma capsizes. The moment is recalled of the Titanic's sinking scene in which DiCaprio and Winslet hang from the ocean liner as half of the ship vertically plunges into the water. In Harbor, one of its stars floats atop a piece of debris in the middle of the night, much like Winslet's character does in Titanic.
And the jaw-dropping action of Titanic is matched by Harbor's 40-minute recreation of Dec. 7, 1941 attack on the United States' Pacific Fleet. Both films spent heavily on special effects. Harbor director, Michael Bay, for example, says he kept salaries down so more could be spent on the visuals. Both movies event shot their ship-sinking scenes at the same location: Fox Studios Baja in Mexico.
Harbor's makers have even taken a Titanic-like approach to the soundtrack. The film includes one song, There You'll Be, performed by country music superstar Faith Hill.
Titanic, which is one of the best selling soundtracks of all time, also had only one pop song: Celine Dion's My Heart Will Go On.
\Harbor becomes a major moneymaker, filmmakers may comb history books searching for even more historical romance-action material,\
1. What are the two things that the author of this article tries to compare?
A) The attack on Pearl Harbor and the sinking of the Titanic. B) Historical fiction movies and successful box office hits. C) The movie Titanic and the on-show movie Pearl Harbor. D) Sinking boats and famous actors.
2. What does the phrase \
A) To be very attractive. B) To cost a lot.
C) To have big box office returns.
D) To require a lot of effort to accomplish.
3. It is said in the passage that _______.
A) major historical events can never repeat themselves
B) both Titanic and Pearl Harbor are the historical reappearance C) Pearl Harbor may have a better box office return than Titanic D) Titanic is the most successful film in history
4. Pearl Harbor and Titanic are similar in all the following aspects EXCEPT _________.
A) both spent large amount of money on special effects B) both have soundtracks starring a major pop star C) both added made-up stories to historical events
D) both are documentary movies of historical events
5. If Pearl Harbor is as successful as Titanic, which of the following movies might we see next?
A) The Battle of Waterloo. B) The Adventures of Mr. Bean. C) Space Invaders. D) The Haunted House.
CBDDA 10
Traditionally, the study of history has had fixed boundaries and focal points -- periods, countries, dramatic events, and great leaders. It also has had clear and firm notions of scholarly procedure: how one inquires into a historical problem, how one presents and documents one's findings, what constitutes admissible and adequate proof.
Anyone who has followed recent historical literature can testify to the revolution that is taking place in historical studies. The currently fashionable subjects come directly from the sociology catalog: childhood, work, leisure. The new subjects are accomplished by new methods. Where history once was primarily narrative, it is now entirely analytic. The old questions \happened?\and \did it happen?\have given way to the question \answer the question \is psychoanalysis, and its use has given rise to psychohistory. Psychohistory does not merely use psychological explanations in historical contexts. Historians have always used such explanations when they were appropriate and when there was sufficient evidence for them. But this pragmatic use of psycholoanalysis is not what psychohistories intend. They are committed, not just to psychology in general, but to Freudian psychoanalysis. This commitment precludes a commitment to history as historians have always understood it. Psychohistory derives its \not from history, the detailed records of events and their consequences, but from psychoanalysis of the individuals who made history, and deduces its theories not from this or that instance in their lives, but from a view of human nature that transcends history. It denies the basic criterion of historical evidence: that evidence be publicly accessible to, and therefore accessible by, all historians. And it violates the basic tenet of historical method: that historian be alert to the negative instances that would refute their theses. Psychohistorians, convinced of the absolute rightness of their own theories, are also convinced that theirs is
the \the truth.
Psychohistory is not content to violate the discipline of history (in the sense of the proper mode of studying the writing about the past); it also violates the past itself. It denies to the past an integrity and will of its own, in which people acted out of a variety of motives and in which events had a multiplicity of causes and effects. It imposes upon the past the same determinism that it imposes upon the present, thus robbing people and events of their individuality and of their complexity. Instead of respecting the particularity of the past, it assimilates all events, past and present, into a single deterministic schema that is presumed to be true at all times and in all circumstances.
1. Which of the following best states the main point of the passage?
A) The approach of psychohistorians to historical study is currently in fashion even though it lacks the rigor and verifiability of traditional historical method.
B) Traditional historians can benefit from studying the techniques and findings of psychohistorians.
C) Areas of sociological study such as childhood and work are of little interest to traditional historians.
D) The psychological assessment of an individual's behavior and attitudes is more informative than the details of his or her daily life.
2. It can be inferred from the passage that one way in which traditional history can be distinguished from psychohistory is that traditional history usually ________.
A) views past events as complex and having their own individuality
B) relies on a single interpretation of human behavior to explain historical events
C) turns to psychological explanation in historical contexts to account for events
D) interprets historical events in such a way that their specific nature is transcended
3. Which of the following did the author mention as a characteristic of the practice of psychohistorians?
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