毕业设计论文--年产20万吨煤制甲醇生产工艺初步设计

年产20万吨煤制甲醇生产工艺初步设计

毕 业 设 计

设计说明书

题 目：年产20万吨煤制甲醇生产工艺初步设计 学 号：

姓 名： 年 级：

学 院： 材料与化工学院 系 别： 材料系 专 业： 材料科学与工程

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摘要

甲醇是一种极重要的有机化工原料，也是一种燃料，是碳一化学的基础产品，在国民经济中占有十分重要的地位。近年来，随着甲醇下属产品的开发，特别是甲醇燃料的推广应用，甲醇的需求大幅度上升。为了满足经济发展对甲醇的需求，开展了此20万t/a的甲醇项目。设计的主要内容是进行工艺论证，物料衡算和热量衡算等。本设计本着符合国情、技术先进和易得、经济、环保的原则，采用煤炭为原料；利用GSP气化工艺造气；NHD净化工艺净化合成气体；低压下利用列管均温合成塔合成甲醇；三塔精馏工艺精制甲醇；此外严格控制三废的排放，充分利用废热，降低能耗，保证人员安全与卫生。

关键词：甲醇、合成、精馏。

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abstract

Methanol is a kind of extremely important organic industrial chemicals, and a kind of fuel too, it is the basic products of the chemistry of carbon one. It is very important in national economy. In recent years, with the development of the products that are made from methanol, especially the popularization and application of the fuel of methanol, the demand for the methanol rises by a large margin. In order to satisfy economic development's demands for methanol , have launched the methanol project of this 200,000t/a. Main content that design to carry on craft prove, supplies weighing apparatus regard as with heat weighing apparatus charging etc The principle of the design in line with according with the national conditions, technologically advanced and apt, economy, protecting environment,. Coals is adopted as raw materials; the craft of GSP gasification is utilized to make water gas; the craft of NHD purification is utilized to purify the syngas; tubular average -temperature reaction is utilized to synthesize methanol keeping in low pressure; the rectification craft of three towers is utilized to rectify methanol; In addition control the discharge of the three wastes strictly, fully utilize used heat, reduce energy consumption, guarantee the personal security and hygiene.

Keyword: Methanol, synthesis, rectification.

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目 录

1总论 ????????????????????????????1 1.1概述 ???????????????????????????1 1.2设计的目的和意义 ?????????????????????3 1.3设计依据 ?????????????????????????3 1.4设计的指导思想 ??????????????????????4 1.5设计的范围，装置组成及建设规模 ??????????????4 1.6原料煤的规格 ???????????????????????5 1.7产品质量标准 ???????????????????????5 2工艺论证 ??????????????????????????6 2.1 煤气化路线的选择 ?????????????????????6 2.2净化工艺方案的选择 ????????????????????8 2.3合成甲醇工艺选择 ?????????????????????11 2.4甲醇精馏 ?????????????????????????17 3工艺流程 ??????????????????????????22 3.1 GSP气化工艺流程 ?????????????????????22 3.2净化装置工艺流程 ?????????????????????23 3.3甲醇合成工艺流程 ?????????????????????31 3.4甲醇精馏工艺流程 ?????????????????????32 3.5氨吸收制冷流程 ??????????????????????34 4工艺计算 ??????????????????????????35 4.1物料衡算 ?????????????????????????35 4.2能量衡算 ?????????????????????????45 5主要设备的工艺计算及选型 ??????????????????50 5.1甲醇合成塔的设计 ?????????????????????50 5.2水冷器的工艺设计 ?????????????????????54 5.3循环压缩机的选型 ?????????????????????57 5.4气化炉的选型 ?????????????????????? 57

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5.5甲醇合成厂的主要设备一览表 ????????????????58 6合成车间设计 ????????????????????????59 6.1厂房的整体布置设计 ????????????????????59 6.2合成车间设备布置的设计 ??????????????????59 7非工艺专业要求 ???????????????????????59 7.1公用工程 ?????????????????????????59 7.2安全卫生 ?????????????????????????60 8 三废处理 ?????????????????????????62 8.1甲醇生产对环境的污染 ???????????????????62 8.2 处理方法 ????????????????????????63 9设计结果评价 ????????????????????????64 10参考文献 ?????????????????????????66 致谢 ????????????????????????????65 附工程图纸

1、甲醇合成厂总工艺流程图 2、主设备结构图 3、辅设备结构图 4、生产车间设备布置图

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