新标准大学英语_视听说教程3__(听力原文及翻译)(5)

Bilbao costs eight euros.

Interviewer: Do people mind paying, do you think?

Kathy: No, I don't think they do mind. Most people feel the fees are reasonable considering

the outstanding collections of priceless works of art that they get to see.

Interviewer: You mentioned that the buildings that art galleries are in can be an attraction

themselves these days...

Kathy: Well, yes, the Guggenheim has literally revitalized the whole city and put Bilbao on

the tourist map. It's got a futuristic, curvy metallic structure and people love it. The Tate Modern has helped redevelop an old industrial area beside the River Thames. The gallery itself is actually inside a huge , old, brick power station. And MoMA is interesting as it's in downtown New York.

Interviewer: And who visits these galleries? What's the profile of the average art lover?

Kathy: Well, in the past museums and galleries were seen as appealing to the older generation.

But in fact, 48 percent of visitors to the Tate Modern are under 35...

采访者：凯西·理查是专业的艺术导游。凯西，你能告诉我们你所注意到的这方面近几年来的趋势吗？

凯西： 好的，我所观察到的最重要的现象之一是：到美术馆参观的人数剧增，公众对现代

艺术的兴趣更浓厚了。

采访者：你认为产生这种现象的原因是什么呢？

凯西： 我认为，有以下几点原因。最重要的是，首先，一些当代开放的新型美术馆宣传有

力；其次，参观人员逐渐年轻化——新一代更能接受现代艺术；最后，新的美术馆本身也成为了参观者的目的地之一，因为画作大都被陈列于令人惊叹的建筑物中。

采访者：那么，哪些新型美术馆是最受欢迎的呢？

凯西： 伦敦的泰特现代美术馆自从2000年开放以来已经拥有超过3000万的访客总数，而

它现在每年的平均参观人数超过450万。纽约的现代艺术博物馆，或者我们叫它MoMA，是一所历史悠久的美术馆。它于1929年建立，但是最近进行了修葺和扩建。其整修于2006年完工。自它重新对公众开放后，第一年就有超过250万的参观者。还有一所非常成功的新型美术馆，它就是坐落在西班牙毕尔巴鄂市的古根海姆博物馆。它于1997年建成，并拥有每年100万的游客量。

采访者：真是些令人咋舌的数字。泰特现代美术馆所拥有的惊人访客量与它的免费开放有什

么关联吗？

凯西： 去参观长期的馆藏画作的确是免费的，但是参观临时展品的游客依然众多，虽然票

价通常在10英镑左右。

采访者：那么，人们去刚才你所提到的另两所美术馆需要门票吗？

凯西： 噢，是的，当然需要。MoMA需要20美元，而古根海姆博物馆需要8欧元。 采访者：你认为参观者们在乎这样高昂的票价吗？

凯西： 不，我不认为他们介意。大多数人们认为，考虑到那些他们即将看到的优秀而无价

的收藏品与艺术品，这样的价格是合理的。

采访者：你刚才的话中提到，那些保存有杰出画作的建筑，在现在同样具有吸引力。

凯西： 是的，像古根海姆博物馆，它在毕尔巴鄂的出现简直赋予整座城市以新的活力，并

且令这座城市出现在了旅游地图上。人们喜欢它那充满未来主义气息的曲线型金属结构。泰特美术馆则帮助泰晤士河畔的老工业区重获生机，其本身，便是由一个有一定历史的大型砖石结构发电厂改建而成。至于MoMA则很有趣，因为它坐落于纽约的市中心。

采访者：那么来美术馆参观的一般是些什么人呢？这些艺术爱好者们大致上的分布情况又是

怎样呢？

凯西： 在过去，博物馆和美术馆被认为是老一代的“专利”，但事实上，泰特美术馆48%

的参观者年龄都在35岁以下……

Unit4

Inside view Conversation 1

Joe: So, you‘re all set for the interview with Janet‘s Chinese friend? Andy: Sure, we‘re meeting him tomorrow at midday. Joe: And Janet, you‘re OK to give Andy a hand?

Janet: Yes. Thank you very much for giving me another chance after last week. Joe: Just remind me...why are we interviewing this guy?

Andy: It‘s part of our background series to ethnic restaurants in London. We did Indian last month.

Joe: OK, well, just remember that there‘s no such thing as a free lunch! Now, anything else we need to do for next week‘s guide?

Andy: We‘ve got the upcoming London Video Games Festival in Trafalgar Square. Joe: Video games? In Trafalgar Square?

Andy: Yes, about 100,000 people attended last year. Janet: But how did they do that outdoors?

Andy: Well, they put up a huge tent ,and there were demos of the latest game software to try out.

Janet: Is that the kind of event that we usually cover on London Time off?

Andy: Sure, why not? It‘s very popular! Remember our slogan: the essential guide to going out and staying in.

Joe: Let‘s plan something for that...Can we try to think about something which will go with it? You know， something along the lines of how ways of getting music and TV into our homes have changed.

Andy: You mean people download music instead of buying CDs?

Joe: Yes, or on how many people check out the music on You Tube first. That all sounds very promising. Maybe we can run a feature on traditional entertainment and new technology. Look, I‘ll let you get on with the rest of the planning and we‘ll speak after lunch. Joe: 那么，你们都要前往采访Janet的中国朋友？ Andy: 当然，我们约好明天中午见面。 Joe: Janet,你能做好Andy的助手吧?

Janet: 嗯，经历上周那件事后，很感谢你还能再给我一次机会. Joe: 这正好提醒了我，为什么我们要采访这个家伙?

Andy: 这是伦敦源民俗餐馆系列的一部分，我们上个月完成了印度那部分。

Joe: 好的，不过记住―天下没有免费的午餐‖！现在，对于下周的导航节目我们还有什么事要做吗？

Andy: 我们打算做关于即将在特拉法尔加广场举行的伦敦节的内容。 Joe: 电子游戏? 在特拉法尔加广场?

Andy: 是的，去年将近100，000人参加了呢。

Janet: 但是他们是怎么在户外举办这次这场活动的呢？

Andy: 他们搭建大的帐篷，那里有许多最新的游戏软件的示范产品可供试玩。 Janet: 它就是那种我们经常在伦敦假日上报道的事吗？

Andy: 当然，可不就是嘛。它非常流行，记住我们的口号：出门或居家，我们都不可或缺。 Joe: 让我们计划一下。尝试想一下什么东西可以与之相匹配。你知道的，现在获取音乐和电视节目的方式已经改变了。

Andy: 你的意思是说人们通过下载音乐而不是购买CD来获取音乐？

Joe: 是的，或者说关于现在有多少人在You Tube试听音乐。这些听起来都很不错。或许我们可以做一个关于传统娱乐方式和现代科技的特别报道。我会让你们跟进剩余的计划。我们吃完饭再谈

Conversation 2

Janet: Going back to technology and tradition...why not we do something on the rise of e-book readers?

Andy: That‘s a good idea. They‘re not like books. They‘re more like hand-held computers. Janet: But the trouble is, every time I read a book on-screen, it hurts my eyes.

Andy: Yes, but the great thing about them is you‘ll never run out of things to read! Janet: But there is nothing quite like a good old-fashioned book.

Andy: Maybe, but don‘t you read more words online than on paper? I‘m sure I do. Janet: Excuse me. I‘d better check this.

Andy: And you read more text messages than anyone else!

Joe: Is someone using mobile in here? Can‘t you understand the sign? I‘m doing a recording in the other studio, and I‘m picking up the electronic signal. Janet: Oh, it‘s my fault. I should have realized... Andy: That serves you right!

Janet: Oh no, I keep making such a mess of things! Andy: Just ignore him! It‘s no big deal!

Janet: But what you‘re saying about e-readers, that‘s a good lead-in to a report on how new technology is changing so fast.

Andy: It‘s good, smart thinking, Janet!

Janet: And I also messed up the recording with Toby Jenkins.

Andy: Forget about it, Janet! Everyone could have done that. Joe started the recording before I had time to adjust the level. It wasn‘t your fault. Anyway, somebody once said, technology doesn‘t run an enterprise, relationships do. Don‘t beat yourself up about it.

Janet: I suppose that‘s true. Well, I‘ll make sure I get it right next time.

Janet: 回到科技与传统这个话题，我们何不在电子阅读器的增长这方面做些研究。 Andy: 好主意，它们看起来并不像书，而更像是掌上电脑。

Janet: 但是缺点是，每当我在电子屏幕前看书，眼睛就会觉得刺痛。

Andy: 是的。但是他们也有个突出的优点，你永远不用为没有阅读材料而发愁。 Janet: 但是他们始终比不上传统的好书。 Andy: 或许吧。但难道你不觉得你在网络上的阅读量远大于在纸上的吗？我觉得是这样的。 Janet: 不好意思，我最好还是看一下。

Andy: 而且你能比其他人阅读更多的文本信息。

Joe: 有人在使用移动电话吗？拿到你看不懂这个标志？我正在工作室录音，需要接收电子信号呢。

Janet: 噢，都是我的错。我本应该意识到的。。。 Andy: 这是你应得的待遇！

Janet: 唉，我为什么总是把事情弄的一团糟。 Andy: 忽略他吧，这没什么大不了的。

Janet: 你刚说电子阅读器什么的。那是一个关于现代科技快速改变的报告的很好的引入。 Andy: 非常好，你的思维很敏捷，Janet.

Janet: 但是我同时也搞砸了Toby Jenkins的节目录制.

Andy: 别把它放心上，Janet.每个人曾经都犯过这样的错误。在我还没来得及调整音量的时候Joe就已经开始录制节目了。这不是你的错。无论如何，曾有人说过，科技不能创造成功，而关系可以。所以不要过分自责。

Janet: 我希望如此。我下次会小心，不再犯这样的错误。

Outside view

To fly like a bird. It‘s a desire that captures the human imagination. The Greeks told stories of Daedalus, an inventor who created wings made of wax and feathers and flew. The first person who seriously tried to fly like a bird was an Italian artist and inventor, Leonardo da Vinci. Da Vinci designed complex and wondrous flying machines, but his designs never got off the ground. Early inventors, like da vinci, tried to fly by flapping, just like birds. Here is what happens when a bird flaps:

When a bird flaps, thrust and lift and control are created at the same time. Lift is the force that keeps the bird elevated. Lift is generated by the air under the bird‘s wings. Thrust is the force that keeps the bird moving forward. Thrust is generated by powerful muscles in the bird‘s chest and wings. The bird maintains control by constantly adjusting its flapping. Much of a bird‘s control is generated by its tail.

A successful flying machine needed to provide the same forces that a bird used, A successful flying machine needed to provide lift to overcome gravity, control to let the driver change direction. And thrust to make it move forward. And it needed to be light enough to stay in the air. Once inventors understood these three challenges separately, and stopped trying to flap,they made progress. One inventor was the Brazilian pilot and aviator Alberto Santos-Dumont. Santos-Dumont experimented with balloons. He flew his lighter-than-air flying machines in France. In 1901, Santos-Dumont was the first to fly from Sant Cloud to the Eiffel Tower and back in a given time. Meanwhile other inventors were working on heavier-than-air flying machines. With these aircraft, lift was a big problem.

German flyer, Otto Lilienthal, tackled the problem of lift. He built many large gliders, constantly refining their design. Lilienthal made thousands of flights from the top of a hill. Some that lasted as long as five hours. But he eventually died in a tragic crash. Lilienthal successfully mastered the challenge of lift, but he did not master the challenge of control.

The Wright Brothers were inspired by Lilienthal‘s inventions. The Wright Brothers started to develop and test their own flying machines. In their Ohio workshop, they built a wind tunnel and study aerodynamics. Through trial and error, they discovered how the shapes of different wings affected lift. They added a tail that moved, a stabilizer that made the front steady, and wings that were more flexible. Their 1902 glider was the first aircraft that was completely controllable.

The next year they added a customed-built engine that provided thrust. The engine powered them forward and increased distance and duration. On December 17th, 1903, after about 1000 text flights, the Wright Brothers flew the first powered airplane over the sand dunes of North Carolina. Santos-Dumont invented heavier-than-air planes, too. In 1909, he developed a monoplane called Demoiselle, or the Grass Hopper. It was the first modern aircraft. After that, advances in aircraft design came quickly. More powerful engines were invented. New lightweight materials were developed so aircraft could go higher and faster. By World War Two, strong metal replaced the canvas and wood of earlier planes. In 1947, text pilot Chuck Yeager went faster than the speed of sound in a rocket-powered plane that looked like a bullet with wings. The invention of the jet engine made even higher speeds possible and pushed aircraft design in new directions. But technology doesn‘t always push to go faster. With new ultra-light materials, the human-powered gossamer makes it almost possible for people to fulfill the age-old desire and fly like a bird.

像鸟一样飞。这种渴望激发了人类的想象力。希腊人讲述了有关代达拉斯的故事，他发明了用蜡和皮毛制作的翅膀并且飞了起来。第一个认真地尝试像鸟一样飞起来的人是意大利的艺术家、发明家李奥纳多达芬奇。达芬奇设计了一种复杂奇妙的飞行机器，但是他的设计从未实现。像达芬奇一样早期的发明家，试着通过鼓翼而飞，就像鸟一样。以下是当鸟拍打翅膀时发生的事：

当一只鸟拍打翅膀时，推力和升力以及对飞行的控制都在同时间产生。升力是保持鸟上升的力。它通过鸟翅膀下的空气流动产生。推力是保持鸟向前运动的力，它由在鸟胸部和翅膀上强有力的肌肉产生。鸟通过持续不断地调整摆翅从而维持对飞行的控制。一只鸟的飞行控制大部分是由它的尾巴实现的。

一个成功的飞行机器需要上述要素。一个成功的飞行机器需要提供升力来克服重力，还能够操控好让驾驶员改变方向，并且要有推力使其前进。同时它还需要足够轻才能待在空中。一旦发明家们了解了这三个难题，并且停止继续尝试鼓翼的方法，他们就能够取得进步。有位发明家叫作Alberto Santos-Dumont，他是巴西的飞行员。他用气球做实验，在法国起飞他的轻飞行器。1901年，Santos-Dumont是第一个在规定时间内往返飞行于圣克劳德和埃菲尔铁塔的人。其间，其他的发明家也在努力研发着重飞行器。对于这些飞行器，升力是个巨大的问题。德国飞行家Otto Lilienthal克服了这个问题。他建造了许多大型的滑翔机，并且不断地改良着设计方案，在一山丘的顶上进行了成千上万次飞行实验，有些持续飞行了5小时之久。但是他最终在一次悲惨的撞击中去世了。Lilienthal 成功解决了升力的难题，可惜却没能掌握机身的控制。莱特兄弟被Lilienthal的发明所鼓舞，开始改进并测试他们自己的飞行器。在他们俄亥俄州的车间，他们建造了一个风洞和机翼模型，帮助他们了解学习空气动力学。通过无数的试验和错误，他们终于探索出不同形状的机翼是如何影响升力的。莱特兄弟们在飞机上增加了机尾，以及使前端更加稳定的稳定装置，并且使用了更加灵活柔韧的机翼。他们1902年发明的滑翔机是第一个能够完全可控的飞行器。次年他们添加了一个定制的引擎来提供推力。这个引擎为他们前进、增加飞行距离和飞行持续时间提供了动力。1903年12月17日，在将近1000次的试飞后，莱特兄弟在北卡罗纳州的沙丘上飞起了第一假机动飞机。Santos-Dumont也发明了重飞行器。1909年，他改进了单翼机，命名为Demoiselle或者叫Grass Hopper。它是第一架现代飞行器。在那以后，飞机的设计飞快地进步着。更多强劲的引擎被发明出来。新型轻型材料也改进了，以至于飞机能飞得更高更快。二战前，坚固的金属取代了早期飞机的帆布和木头。1947年，试飞员Chuck Yeager在一假长得像带翅膀的子弹的火箭推进动力飞机里飞得比声音还快。喷气式引擎的发明使得更快的速度成为可能，同时促使飞机向新的方向设计。但是技术并不总是向更快迈进，借着超轻型材料的出现，如薄纱做的人力驱动飞机使得满足人们像鸟一样飞翔的夙愿成为可能。

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