2018届二轮复习 说明文阅读理解典题10篇训练之二(含有解析)学案(

2018届二轮复习 说明文阅读理解典题10篇训练之二 【一】

Should every teenager be given a vaccine(疫苗)against the effects of nicotine, and so prevent them becoming addicted to cigarettes?

This controversial possibility seems likely to happen in the future, thanks to the development of a new vaccine for nicotine addiction. The vaccine was designed for people who want to quit smoking but who repeatedly relapse(复发)．But since most countries are failing to cut the number of children taking up smoking, many people will want to know whether the vaccine should be used far more widely if it proves to be effective.

“The vaccine will be tested first on relapsing smokers, then on those who plan to quit, then on those who are not yet completely addicted，” says Frank Vocci of the National Institute of Drug Abuse. “The final step would be vaccinating young people before they even try smoking, but that's a long way down the road.”

John Roberts, medical director of British drug company Xenova, is very enthusiastic. “I think prevention is a huge opportunity，” he says. “If you can take away the pleasure nicotine gives, then teenagers who start smoking are more likely to stop before it becomes a habit.”

80% of smokers start in their teens, with 360,000 teenagers and children in the U．S. taking up the habit per year. But would the vaccine be given to all teenagers or only a selected few? “It's hard to decide which children are most at risk of becoming smokers，” says Amanda Sandford of Action on Smoking and Health. Instead she favors education as a way of discouraging children from smoking. Nabi Biopharmaceuticals is also cautious, “It is very difficult to know what is

the right age to give the vaccine to children.”

There are also worries about giving the vaccine to long-term adult smokers. Will addicted smokers simply try to beat the vaccine's antibodies(抗体)by smoking more? Gary Norwith, Nabi's clinical director, says this would be almost impossible. “You'd have to stick an entire pack of cigarettes in your mouth and smoke for hours to beat the antibodies，” he says.

1．What's Roberts's attitude towards giving teens the vaccine? A．Cautious. C．Doubtful.

D．Worried.

B．Positive.

2．What may Sanford agree with? A．Older children have the right to decide. B．Children are most at risk of becoming smokers. C．Every child should be given the vaccine.

D．It's important to educate children on the danger of smoking. 3．Norwith's words in the last paragraph suggest that ________. A．the vaccine is effective in helping addicted smokers B．it is hard for children to become long-term smokers C．long-term adult smokers smoke for hours every day D．he is worried about the vaccine's long-term effects 4．Which of the following would be the best title for the text? A．Strong effects of nicotine. B．Stop them before they start. C．More teenagers become addicted. D．Protect teenage nicotine addiction.

答案与解析

每个青少年都应该注射尼古丁疫苗来阻止他们吸烟上瘾吗？本文围绕这一问题展开了讨论。

1．B 根据第四段中John Roberts, medical director of British drug company Xenova, is very enthusiastic.“I think prevention is a huge opportunity，”可知Roberts持积极态度。故选项B正确。

2．D 根据第五段Instead she favors education as a way of discouraging children from smoking.一句可知Sanford认为重要的是要教育孩子们吸烟的危害。故答案选D。

3．A 根据最后一段中Will addicted smokers simply try to beat the vaccine's antibodies(抗体)by smoking more? Gary Norwith, Nabi's clinical director, says this would be almost impossible.可知Gary Norwith认为疫苗很有效。故答案A正确。

4．B 通读全文可知本文围绕“每个青少年都应该注射尼古丁疫苗来阻止他们吸烟上瘾吗？”这一问题展开了讨论。故答案B正确。 【二】

Is there link between humans and climate change or not? This question was first studied in the early 1900s. Since then, many scientists have thought that our actions do make a difference. In 1997, the Kyoto Protocol explained our role in the Earth's changing atmosphere and set international limits for gas emissions(排放) from 2008 to 2012. Some countries have decided to continue these reductions until 2020. More recently, the Paris Agreement, stuck by nearly 200 countries, also aims to limit global warming. But just now how much warmer it will get depends on how deeply countries cut carbon emissions.

1．It can be concluded from paragraph 1 that ________.

A．the problem of global warming will have been quite solved by 2020

B．gas emissions have been effectively reduced in developed countries

C．the Paris Agreements is more influential than the Kyoto Protocol D．humans have made continuous efforts to slow down global warming

2．If nations could only keep the initial promises of the Paris Agreement, what would happen by the year 2100?

A．The human population would increase by one third. B．Little over 50% of all species would still exist.

C．Nations would not need to tighten their emissions targets. D．The Agreement's minimum goal would not be reached. 3．If those island nations not far above sea level are to survive, the maximum temperature rise, since the start of the industrial age, should be ________.

A．0.8 ℃

B．1.5 ℃

C．2 ℃ D．3.5 ℃

答案与解析

本文介绍了人们一直努力减少温室气体的排放，并设立了到2100年我们应该达成的目标以及达成目标要符合的条件。

1．D 推理判断题。根据文章第一段三至六句Since then, many scientists have thought that our actions do make a difference. In 1997, the Kyoto... stuck by nearly 200 countries, also aims to limit global warming.可知自从20世纪早期开始人类就一直在努力减少温室气体的排放，希望能减缓全球变暖的趋势。故D项正确。

2．D 推理判断题。根据文章第二段This is how much temperatures would rise by 2100 even if nations live up to the initial Paris promises to reduce carbon emissions；可知如果各国的气体排放能够符合巴黎协议的要求，到2100年气温会比现在高3.5度。而根据第三段To meet this minimum goal，可知最小的目标是上升2度。也就是说即使各国的气体排放能够符合巴黎协议的要求，也达不到最小的目标。故D正确。

3．B 细节理解题。根据第四段This is the most ambitious goal for temperature rise set by the Paris Agreement, after a push by low-lying

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