the other, it might be causing health problems that you are not aware of.
A study published in Blood Pressure Monitoring stated that sitting with your legs crossed can increase your blood pressure. The reason for this is that the blood in your legs has to work against gravity to be pumped back to your heart and that crossing one leg over the other increases resistance, making it even harder for the blood to circulate. This causes your body to increase your blood pressure to push the blood back to the heart. You won't feel any immediate effects, but repeated, drawn-out increases in blood pressure can cause long-term health issues. So, planning to sit for a long period of time? Don't keep your legs crossed.
Crossing your legs at the knee can also cause pressure on the major nerve in your leg that passes just below your knee and along the outside of your leg, explains Richard Graves, a medical expert. This pressure can cause numbness and temporary paralysis (麻痹) of some of the muscles in your foot and leg, preventing you from being able to raise your ankle—what we know as that “pins and needles” sensation. While the feeling of discomfort may only last a minute or two, repeatedly crossing your legs until they feel numb can cause permanent nerve damage.
So next time you sit down, try to get yourself in the habit of sitting with both of your feet on the floor. Not only will it help your posture and stability, but it will also save your health in the long run.
28. What can we learn about crossing one's legs? A. It is a very bad social habit.
B. It is usually practiced deliberately. C. It can make others feel uncomfortable. D. It can do harm to people's health.
29. According to the study, sitting with your legs crossed can______. A. resist gravity effectively C. lead to heart attacks easily
B. affect your blood pressure D. improve the function of legs
30. In the third paragraph \ A. serious muscle injuries C. slight sharp pains
B. being a little nervous D. being highly flexible
31. What is the main purpose of the text? A. To give readers some advice.
B. To compare common habits.
C. To evaluate effects of an experiment. D. To introduce research methods. D
Imagine looking at something and being able to move it just by using your brain!That is exactly what the new technology called BrainGate can do —with the help of a robotic arm,anyway.
BrainGate is the idea of Professor John Donoghue and his team of researchers at the Brown Institute for Brain Science,USA. BrainGate is attached directly to the brain. First of all,gold wires are put into the part of the brain that controls movement. These are then connected to a small computer chip(芯片) . When the person thinks about different movements,this creates electrical signals,which are picked up by the chip. After this,the signals that are created by the brain are sent back to a computer,which changes the signals into movements. Finally,the computer uses the robotic arm to carry out these movements. BrainGate can already be used to write an e-mail or play computer games,just by brain power.
The technology has already cost millions of dollars to develop and when it is available for use,it will probably cost thousands of dollars per person. There are still many challenges ahead for Donoghue and his team. They are currently planning a mini wireless version,which will allow people to be connected to the computer at all times. Donoghue also dreams of using this technology to help disabled people who can't move their arms or legs. He plans to connect BrainGate directly to their own paralysed limbs(瘫痪的胳膊或腿) .This will mean that the person can control their own body again,without relying on a robotic arm.
This research is attracting the military's (军方的) attention as well. However,it is easy to understand why scientists might be concerned about how thought-controlled machines could be used by the military.
32. What does the underlined word “These” refer to? A. Movements.
B. Thoughts.
C. Brains
D. Wires.
33. What is one of BrainGate's disadvantages? A. It needs improvement. C. It is too expensive.
B. It produces few movements.
D. It is difficult to control.
34. How will Donoghue help disabled people?
A. By developing a wireless version.
B. By replacing their limbs with robotic ones. C. By making BrainGate smaller.
D. By attaching BrainGate to their bad limbs.
35. What does the military think of thought-controlled machines? A. They could lead to disasters. C. They could be useful.
B. They would face fierce competition. D. They would be in mass production.
第二节 （共5小题，每小题3分，满分15分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
Do People Need Small Talk to Be Happy?
Psychologists (心理学家）have long said that connecting with others is an important part of happiness, but just how much conversation we require is under examination. In one study， researchers found that small talk made up only 10% of their conversation related with happiness.
36 . Scientists believe that small talk could promote bonding. Late last year, Princeton researchers reported that small talk keeps closeness with loved ones, and isn’t merely the stuff of awkward exchanges with strangers.
Still, chatting with strangers could brighten your morning. In a series of experiments, psychologists gave Chicago passengers different directions about whether to talk with fellow passengers一something they typically avoided. 37 . None of the chatters reported being rejected.
Small talk can also help us feel connected to our surroundings. People who smiled at，made eye contact with, and briefly spoke with their Starbucks baristas (服务员）reported a greater sense of belonging than those who rushed through the transaction (交易）. 38 One report found that when volunteers broke the silence to chat with gallery goers, the visitors felt happier and more connected to the exhibit than those who were not approached.
39 .In one study, people who were rated “less curious” by researchers had trouble getting a conversation rolling on their own, and had greater luck building closeness with others when they were supplied with questions that encouraged personal disclosure (透露）.But people who were considered “curious” needed no help when transforming conversations about ordinary
things into personal exchanges. 40 . A. The same is true of gallery goers.
B. They found that small talk is related with happiness C. But don’t play down small talk just yet..
D. Of course, some people are better than others at turning small talk into something bigger. E. A “curious mindset”，the author concluded, can lead to “positive social interactions”. F. Making small talk is an important skill for all the social situations. G. Those told to chat with others reported a more pleasant journey. 第三部分 英语知识运用 （共两节，满分55分） 第一节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
On Dec.13, 2014, Nubia Wilson turned 16. But instead of 41 with an exciting Sweet 16 birthday party, the California teen devoted this milestone to 42 the lives of orphans in Ethiopia.
Through several summers of volunteer work at an Ethiopia orphanage, Nubia learned firsthand the severe poverty so many children 43 . In an email to The Huffington Post, Nubia said that she was 44 struck by the children’s lack of access to 45 — their school only went through the fourth grade.
Over the course of her volunteer work, Nubia became interested in one 46 , Hermela. She writes:
Out of the many students in the kindergarten class, Hermela became 47 and attached to me to a point where it was becoming 48 for both of us to leave each other. She is now in the second grade. The thought of Hermela not being able to have her meal and 49 education after the fourth grade became 50 and I knew I had to do something.
That’s when Nubia decided that she didn’t want a traditional Sweet 16. 51 , she wanted to use the money her parents would have spent on a party to establish 52 grade class for Hermela and other kids.
“The money could provide a(n) 53 solution that will serve for many years compared to the one-day 54 of my party,”Nubia wrote to Huffpost Live. In short, I want Hermela to
continue 55 .”
After telling friends and family her 56, Nubia set up a(n) 57 page “Keep Hermela Smiling” on CrowdRise. Her 58 will raise funds for the Fregenet Foundation, which funds education and community services in Ethiopia.
So far, Nubia has 59 ＄2,781 of her ＄10,000 goal. Nubia says that her parents have been extremely 60 ; they’re selling most of their Ethiopian artifacts to help raise funds.
Nubia’s birthday may not have been a party, but it’s truly a celebration. 41. A. communciating 42. A. experiencing 43. A. concern 44. A. hopefully
B. celebrating B. enjoying B. discuss B. slightly
C. competing C. rescuing C. face
D. compromising D. improving D. describe D. quietly D. entertainment D. parent D. polite D. boring D. finish D. uncomfortable D. However D.third D. lasting D. trouble D. crying D. plan D. appreciation D. family D. lent D. sensitive
C. particularly C. experimemt C.student C. funny C. possible
45. A. exploration 46. A. teacher 47. A. close 48. A.difficult 49. A. provide
B. education B. doctor B. mean B. strange B. leave
C.receive
50. A. unimaginable 51. A. Besides 52. A. sixth
B. unimportant B. Instead B. fifth B.technical B. pleasure B. smiling B. need B. devotion B. school
C. unnecessary C. Therefore C. fourth C. simple C. honor C. talking C. secret C. donation
53. A. early 54. A. relief 55. A. yelling 56. A.belief 57. A. question 58. A. story 59. A. earned 60. A. effective
C. campaign C. raised C. creative
B. borrowed B. supportive
第II卷
第三部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分55分）
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