2012.6test(英语试卷)(2)

While many of the games at Lumosity are free, a modest subscription fee is required to use the full program over the long term. However, Lumosity is currently offering a free trial of their program to new users so that you can see how well it works before you decide to subscribe. The company believes the results will speak for themselves. 51. What can we learn about “senior moments”? A. They are nothing to be worried about. B. They happen to each middle-aged person. C. They mostly happen to the elders. D. They are signs of declining memory.

52. Neuroscientists are beginning to find that _______. A. cognitive functions can be improved by mental effort B. intelligence varies with the amount of physical exercise C. “senior moments” are quite useful at work

D. our brain and muscles should be trained differently

53. From Paragraph 3, it can be concluded that Lumosity _______. A. is just an online place to exercise your mental skills B. requires the users to keep doing the same games

C. is a set of exercises intended for the mentally-retarded D. can help users make improvement in the brain 54. Clinical trials have proved that Lumosity _______. A. is better than reported

B. is highly effective and beneficial C. should be under strict control D. leaves much to be desired

55. Which of the following statements is true about Lumosity? A. Access to these games is quite expensive.

B. Chronic users have to pay for the access to the games. C. All the games at Lumosity are free of charge. D. Access to the games is limited to subscribers.

56. The main purpose in writing this passage is to ________. A. present the new findings of neuroscientists

B. remind the middle-aged to take physical exercise C. describe how Lumosity came into being

D. introduce how braining training makes you smarter

Passage Two

According to psychology professor Carol Dweck of Stanford University, “Praising children for being smart can backfire.” If this doesn?t get the attention of Millennium parents, I?m not sure what will.

It is my observation that so many parents today believe that if their child appears to be the beast bit “advanced” for his age, he?s destined to be the next Albert Einstein, Tiger Woods, or Bill Gates. It?s human nature for mom and dad to show much admiration for their child and dish out praise for accomplishments achieved. The problem is, according to this study, parents may not be doing the best thing by praising their child for his intelligence.

Dweck?s research involved junior high students in New York and concluded that “classroom performance improved when her study subjects believed the brain is like a muscle that can grow.” Students who “focused on the learning process (effort, concentration or strategies used) asked for feedback and did better in all subjects.” Feedback such as, ?You did well because you worked so hard? or ?You used so many descriptive words to make this story interesting? can encourage children to try new things, as they are being rewarded for their effort. When the ?time and effort? strategy is being positively reinforced, the child will probably use the same strategy next time they are learning something. Over time new strategies can be introduced, so the child?s repertoire of strategies is broadened.

Dweck goes on to say that “they (students who improved) performed better because their success was being measured by effort, not by test scores or grades.” Parents should praise effort, not just results. Children who received praise about their innate abilities (talents or strengths) had less chance of trying new things and became anxious and under performed as things became more difficult. That is one of the greatest dangers to continually praising children for whatever they do in order to falsely raise a child?s self-esteem.

What are mom and dad to do? Offer genuine praise and encouragement for effort and successes, but balance this with setting appropriate expectations and following up with consequences when the child falls short due to laziness. Don?t make excuses. Your child will better face the challenges life has to offer in the future when you as a parent recognize the efforts he is making today.

57. The underline word “backfire” in the first paragraph probably means ________. A. create some miracles

B. produce an undesirable result C. be negligible to some extent D. be motivating and inspiring

58. Which of the following can be considered proper feedback?

A. You did really well on this spelling test, you must have spent hours practicing your words. B. Oh, honey, you?re so smart – that failing grade won?t matter anyway. C. This is a wonderful painting. What a great artist you are! D. You did really well on this spelling test, you are very clever.

59. A child who is praised for his effort and strategy is likely to ________. A. have his learning strategies increased B. feel inferior to the smart children C. have falsely high self-esteem

D. expect more praise and encouragement 60. Praising a child for his talent may ________.

A. encourage him to try new things B. motivate him to greater efforts C. leave him less prepared for challenges D. put his life at risk in case of failure 61. The author?s advice to parents is _______. A. to expose the child to greater challenges B. not to expect too much of a child

C. to forbid the child to make any excuses

D. to combine praise with constructive criticism

62. Which of the following can be a proper title for this passage?

A. Never Praise Your Child for Any of His Achievements B. Praise Your Child, But Not for Being Smart C. How to Reward a Child for His Effort D. Praise – a Must for the Child?s Future

Passage Three

As a new matchmaker, internet dating sites promise two cutting edges: a vastly greater choice of potential partners and scientifically proven way of matching suitable people together.

The greater choice is unarguable. But does is lead to better outcomes? And do the “scientifically tested methods” actually work? These are the questions asked by a team of psychologists led by Eli Finkel.

The researchers? first observation is how any of the much-boasted partner-matching methods actually works. Many firms preserve their intellectual property as trade secrets, and there is no reason why internet dating sites should not be among them. But this renders claims of effectiveness impossible to test objectively. There is thus no independent scientific evidence that any of these methods does enhance the chance of their hitting it off when they meet.

It is possible to test the value of a claim that they match people with compatible personality traits. However, Dr Dyrenforth asked more than 20,000 people about their relationships and assessed their personalities. Members of couples with similar personalities were indeed happier than those without. But the difference was just 0.5%.

Surely, the chances of finding that magic other are increased by the second thing internet dating brings: a multitude of choice. But here, too, things are not as simple as they might seem.

An assumption behind all consumer decisions is that what people think they want is what they actually need. And the data suggest people are not good at knowing what they want. One of Dr Finkel?s own studies showed that when they are engaged in speed dating, people?s stated preferences at the beginning of the process do not well match the characters of the individuals they actually like. When faced with abundant choices, people pay less attention to characteristics that require thinking and conversation to evaluate and more to matters physical. Choice, in other words, dulls the critical faculties.

Finkel?s conclusion is that love is as hard to find on the internet as elsewhere. You may be just as likely to luck out in the local café, or by acting on the impulse to stop and talk to that stranger on the street whose glance you caught, as you are by clicking away with a mouse and hoping that, one day, Cupid?s arrow will strike.

63. The effectiveness of the dating sites is difficult to verify scientifically because they ________. A. keep their intellectual property secret B. have two cutting edges

C. adopt strange matching methods D. are good at deception as evidenced

64. The expression “hit it off” in Paragraph 3 probably means ________. A. say goodbye B. get along well C. get hurt D. dislike each other

65. Dr. Dyrenforth found that couples with different personalities ________. A. were much less happy than those with similar personalities

B. were more likely to divorce than those with similar personalities

C. were almost as happy as those with similar personalities D. were much happier than those with similar personalities

66. According to Paragraph 6, the abundance of choices offered by the dating sites ________. A. can increase the chance of finding ideal partners

B. helps people to become better aware of what they want C. divers attention from other mental qualities

D. leads to exclusive concern with one?s appearance 67. Finkel?s conclusion is that ________.

A. it is impossible to find true love on the Internet wherever you are

B. you are as likely to find love through chance encounters as via the Internet C. you are more likely to find love through these online dating sites D. you can find love more easily by talking to a stranger on the street 68. The researchers? attitude towards these Internet dating sites is ________. A. suspicion B. confidence

C. objection D. recommendation

Passage Four

Many countries have made it illegal to talk into a hand-held mobile phone while driving. But the latest research provides further confirmation that the danger lies less in what a motorist?s hands do when he takes a call than in what the conversation does to his brain. Even using a “hands-free” device can impair a driver?s attention to an alarming extent.

Melina Kunar of the University of Warwick and Todd Horowitz of the Harvard Medical School ran a series of experiments in which two groups of volunteers had to pay attention and respond to a series of moving tasks on a computer screen that were reckoned equivalent in difficulty to driving. One group was left undistracted while the other had to engage in a conversation about their hobbies using a speakerphone. As Dr Kunar and Dr Horowitz report in Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, those who were making the equivalent of a hands-free call had an average reaction time 212 milliseconds slower than those who were not. That, they calculate, would add 5.7 meters to the braking distance of a car traveling at 100kph. They found that the group using the hands-free kit made 83 percent more errors in their tasks than those who were not talking.

They also explored the effect of simply listening to something – such as a radio program. For this they played a recording of the first chapter of Bram Stoker?s “Dracula”. Even though the test subjects were told to pay attention because they would be asked questions about the story afterwards, it had little effect on their reaction times. Dr Kunar reckons that having to think about responses during a phone conversation competes for the brain?s resources in a way that listening to a monologue does not. The research led by Frank Drews of the University of Utah suggests the same thing is true of the idle chatter of a passenger.

Punishing people for using hand-held gadgets while driving is difficult enough, even though they can be seen from outside the car. Stopping people making hands-free calls would probably be impossible – especially because more and more vehicles are now being fitted with the necessary equipment as standard. Persuading people to switch their phones off altogether when they get behind the wheel might be the only answer. Who knows, they might even come to enjoy not having to take calls. And they?ll be likelier to arrive in one piece.

69. Which body part is most affected by talking into a cell phone when driving? A. Hands. B. Feet. C. Eyes D. The brain

70. In Kunar and Horowitz?s experiments, the subjects who performed tasks while talking ______. A. reacted more quickly and made fewer mistakes B. reacted more quickly, but made more mistakes C. reacted more slowly, but made fewer mistakes D. reacted more slowly and made more mistakes

71. According to Frank Drews, listening to a passenger talking _______. A. affects drivers more than a phone conversation B. affects drivers more than listening to a story

C. has less effect on the drivers than a phone conversation D. has less effect on the drivers than listening to a story

72. The law forbidding the use of hand-held phones when driving _______. A. is necessary and feasible B. has been frequently broken C. will arouse heated debate D. has been widely observed

73. The best hope of stopping people using hands-free phones lies with _______.

A. the lawmakers B. car manufacturers C. drivers themselves D. new technology 74. The purpose of the passage is to _________.

A. inform people of the danger of using phones while driving

B. call on lawmakers to make new road laws on the use of cell phones C. offer suggestions for drivers who use cell phones while driving D. weigh the benefits and harms of using phones when driving

Passage Five

In these times of fast media and ever-growing Internet, we are under so many external influences that it is anything but easy to think for ourselves. Unless you are a cunning, very aware person, you most likely don?t even know when your thinking is not your own.

Not that all outside influence is bad to forming your own views, but being unable to think for yourself can make you miserable at best, or a puppet of someone else?s programming, at worst.

Admittedly, we are all born into societies or cultures where the norms and customs are already established. We have little choice but to conform to what is already in place. This is not necessarily a bad thing. However, it can be confining and controlling if we accept everything blindly and never question the status quo.

Does this mean all of your ideas can be original and unlike everyone else?s? Not at all!

Nor does it require being contrary and argumentative just to be defiant or stand out. To think for yourself means that whatever opinions you hold will be well thought out and arise from thorough investigation and thoughtful analysis. It means choosing to not compromise the facts for the sake of consensus or fitting in. It is not unlike critical thinking – it just brings about a broader scope of choices and decision-making in your life.

For example, how many of us feel the need to keep up with ?the latest?? We wear clothes, listen to music and follow trends that the media tells us we should in order to be cool. Marketing companies create ads that tempt us into a herd mentality as we fall into debt, wear fashions that are unbecoming, and get caught up in a cycle of over-spending and then stressing out over it. We are living lives designed for us by the powers without our conscious participation.

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