剑桥雅思4 阅读第一章文本+单词词汇

Adults and children are frequently confronted with statements about the alarming rate of loss of tropical rainforests. For example, one graphic illustration to which children might readily relate is the estimate that rainforests are being destroyed at a rate equivalent to one thousand football fields every forty minutes – about the duration of a normal classroom period. In the face of the frequent and often vivid media coverage, it is likely that children will have formed ideas about rainforests – what and where they are, why they are important, what endangers them –independent of these ideas will be mistaken.

adult

tropical

adj. adj. 成熟的 热带的

成年人的 graphic

n. adj.

成年人

绘画的,图标的 frequently

形象的,生动的

adv.

illustration

频繁的,屡次的

n. confront

图标,图案 vt.

例证,实例

勇敢的面对

readily

confront with

adv.

使面对

乐意的,容易的

statement

relate

n. v. 声明,陈述 联系起来 报表

vt. alarming

讲述

adj.

estimate

使人害怕的,扰乱人心的

n. rate

估计 n. 报价 比率 v 速度 评估,估计

费用 destroyed

v

被毁

认为,把…算作

equivalent

loss

adj. n. 相等的,相当

丧失 football field

损耗 足球场

损失

about

prep. 在…周围 对于 由于 关于 adv. 大约 附近

duration

n.

持续的时间

period

n. 时期,时代 学时,课时 句号

normal period

标准周期

in the face of

面对

vivid

adj. 鲜艳的 栩栩如生

coverage

n. 新闻报道 覆盖范围

media coverage

媒体报道

likely

adj.

可能,有希望的

适合的 adv. 可能

form

n. 组成,结构 表格

音乐和文学作品的形式 v. 形成,产生

idea

n. 想法,主意 思想,概念 了解

endanger

vt.

危及,使遭受危险

independent

adj.

独立的,自主的 无关的

independent of

不依赖… 与…无关

formal

adj. 正式的

礼仪上得,形式上的

tuition

n. 学费 课程讲授

also

1

adv. 也,同样,并且

也许(会发生)的 可接受的,合适的

误解,误会 v 弄错

possible

adj.

可能的,潜在的

mistake

n. 错误,过失

Many studies have shown that children harbour misconceptions about 'pure', curriculum science. These misconceptions do not remain isolated but become incorporated into a multifaceted, but organised, conceptual framework, making it and the component ideas, some of which are erroneous, more robust but also accessible to modification. These ideas may be developed by children absorbing ideas through the popular media. Sometimes this information may be erroneous. It seems schools may not be providing an opportunity for children to re-express their ideas and so have them tested and refined by teachers and their peers.

studies

研究者

n. 总课程

把…合并 组成

robust

adj.

强壮的,健全的

show

v. 说明,表明 给…看,显示 n. 表演 展览 显示

science

n. 科学 学科

incorporate into

成为…一部分

but also

并且

multifaceted

adj. 多方面

accessible

adj.

容易取得/获得/达到的 容易接近,进入 平易近人,易相处的 可理解的,容易懂的

remain

n. 剩余物 遗体 遗迹 vi. 留下 剩下 link

仍然是,依旧是

organized

adj. 有组织的

harbour

n. 港口 vt. 藏匿 怀有(想法)

conceptual

adj. 概念的

modification

n. 缓和,减轻 修改,改变

framework

n. 结构 making n. 制造

成功改进的手段

absorbing

adj.

吸引人的,非常有趣的 vt. 吸收

misconception

n.

误解,错误想法

isolate

vt.

使孤立,使隔离

pure

adj.

纯洁的,纯净的 纯种的 纯理论的 仅仅的,单纯的

isolated

adj.

孤立的,单独的 隔离的

component

n.

成分,组成部分,部件

through

adv. 通过

incorporate

vt. 包含,加上

erroneous

adj.

错误的,不正确的

popular

adj. 流行的

curriculum

2

公众的

express

vt. 表达 快递 n. 快递 adj.

特快的,高速的 明确的 adv. 用快递方式

test

n. 测验 考验 vt. 测试 探测

peer

vi.

凝视,盯着看 n. 同龄人 贵族

provide

v. 提供,供给 vt. 规定

opportunity

n. 机会,时机

refine

vt. 使完善 提炼,使纯净

re-express

重新表达

Despite the extensive coverage in the popular media of the destruction of rainforests, little formal information is available about children's ideas in this area. The aim of the present study is to start to provide such information, to help teachers design their educational strategies to build upon correct ideas and to displace misconceptions and to plan programmes in environmental studies in their schools.

despite

prep. 尽管

存在的,含有的 n. 现在,目前 礼物,赠品 vt. 出现,出席 介绍 赠与

educational

adj. 教育的

平面图 v. 计划,打算

extensive

adj.

广阔的,广泛的

strategies

n. 策略,计谋

programme

n. 节目

计划,规划,项目 vt. 计划,安排

destruction

n. 破坏

upon

prep. 当…时候 在…上面

such

adj.

这样的,这些的 非常的 pron. 这样的事(人)

little

adv. 几乎没有

environmental

adj. 环境的

correct

adj. 正确的 vt. 改正,纠正

available

adj. 可用的

design

v. 设计,策划 n. 图样 设计 打算,目的

in this area

这方面

displace

vt. 替换,取代

present

adj.

出席的,到场的 现在的,目前的

plan

n. 计划,方案

3

The study surveys children's scientific knowledge and attitudes to rainforests. Secondary school children were asked to complete a questionnaire containing five open-form questions. The most frequent responses to the first question were descriptions which are self-evident from the term 'rainforest'. Some children described them as damp, wet or hot. The second question concerned the geographical location of rainforests, The commonest responses were continents or countries; Africa (given by 43% of children). South America (30%), Brazil (25%). Some children also gave more general locations, such as being near the Equator

survey

questionnaire

vt. vt. n.

把…称为

眺望 调查表,问卷

describe

调查

contain

vt. scientific

vt. 描述,叙述

adj. 包含,容纳 damp

科学的

控制

adj. scientific knowledge open-form

潮湿的 科学认识

开放式

n. attitude

response

潮湿 n. n.

vt. 态度,看法 respond

使潮湿 姿态,姿势

v. 减弱

secondary school

回答,答复 wet

中学

反应,响应

adj. asked

description

湿的 v. n. 多雨的 问 描述,形容

n. 要求 self-evident

雨天 邀请

adj. 湿地

complete

不言而喻的

concern

adj. term

n. 完成的 n.

忧虑,焦虑

完整的 专门用语,术语 重要的,感兴趣的事 彻底的 期限 企业 vt. 学期 vt.

完成

条款

使担忧,烦恼

4

于…有关,关系到 关心,关注

geographical

adj. 地理的

location

n. 位置,场所

common

adj.

普遍的,常见的 公有得,共同的

commonest

最常见的

continent

n. 洲,大陆

general

adj. 普通的 一般的

such as

例如

equator

n. 赤道

Responses to question three concerned the importance of rainforests. The dominant idea, raised by 64% of the pupils, was that rainforests provide animals with habitats. Fewer students responded that rainforests provide plant habitats, and even fewer mentioned the indigenous populations of rainforests. More girls (70%) than boys (60%) raised the idea of rainforest as animal habitats.

dominant

adj. 占优势的 主导的,同志的

(工资,薪金)提升,增加

较少的

indigenous

adj. 土生土长的

provide with

给A提供B

even

adj. 甚至,即使 更加

habitat

n.

栖息地,住处

population

n. 人口 全体居民

raise

vt. 提起,举起 增加,提升 抚养,饲养 n.

mention

vt. 提到,说起 n. 提及

few

adj. 不多的,很少

fewer

Similarly, but at a lower level, more girls (13%) than boys [5%) said that rainforests provided human habitats. These observations are generally consistent with our previous studies of pupils' views about the use and conservation of rainforests, in which girls were shown to be more sympathetic to animals and expressed views which seem to place an intrinsic value on non-human animal life.

similarly

adv.

相似地,类似的 也,同样

human habitats

人类生活环境

adj.

一致的,符合的

对环境的保护

in which

在其中

observation

n. 主意,观察 言论,评论,意见 观察力

consistent with

与某物一致

shown

被证明

level

n.

水平线,水平面 水平,等级 adj. 平的,平坦的 同高度的

previous

adj.

先前的,以前的 过早的,过急的

sympathetic

adj. 同情

generally

adv.

一般的,普遍的,大体上

conservation

n. 保护,保存

seem

似乎

consistent

5

place on

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