26.张晴：从弗洛伊德精神分析解读《道林格雷的画像》

A Freudian Psychoanalytic Interpretation of The

Picture of Dorian Gray

从弗洛伊德精神分析解读《道林格雷的画像》

摘要

作为一个著名的诗人、作家和剧作家,王尔德是英语文学的历史唯美主义的创始人。他的著名文学作品给后代留下了很大的影响。大约在100年前他完成了《道林·格雷的画像》,至今这本书仍然受到成千上万的读者的欢迎。《道林·格雷的画像》是由奥斯卡·王尔德写的一个典型的关于自负的故事唯美主义小说。在这部小说中,作者描述了主人公从纯真善良一步步走向堕落邪恶。很多研究者就这本小说的唯美主义来讨论。本文试图用弗洛伊德的精神分析这篇小说。根据弗洛伊德的人格理论- - - 本我,自我,超我。本文将给出了一些小说中的例子来一一对应理论，旨在挖掘作者的内心世界。

本文由三个部分组成。第一部分介绍了奥斯卡·王尔德的生平和他的作品及《道林·格雷的画像》的背景。第二部分介绍了弗洛伊德的人格理论的起源和弗洛伊德的人格理论的相关内容,包括本我,自我,超我。第三部分从弗洛伊德的人格理论的角度解读了小说《道林·格雷的画像》,这也是本文的主体部分。最后为文章的结论部分：揭示了作者自己的人格。

关键词：奥斯卡·王尔德；道林·格雷的画像；本我 ；自我； 超我

I

A Freudian Psychoanalytic Interpretation of The

Picture of Dorian Gray

A Freudian Psychoanalytic Interpretation of The Picture of

Dorian Gray

ABSTRACT

As a famous poet, writer and play writer, Oscar Wilde was also the founder of aestheticism in history of English literature. His famous literary works have left great influence on latter generations. The Picture of Dorian Gray was what he had finished about 100 years ago, it was still welcomed by thousands of readers. The Picture of Dorian Gray is a typical story about conceit, one of aestheticism novels written by Oscar Wilde. In this novel, the writer describes how the main character Dorian Gary changing from a pure young man to an evil man. A lot of researchers discuss this novel on aestheticism. This paper attempts to analyze this novel on Freud’s psychoanalysis. According to the theories of Freudian’s personality---id, ego and superego .This paper gives some examples of the novel to correspond to the theories. It aimed at exploring the real self of the writer.

This paper consists of three parts. Part 1 introduces the life of Oscar Wilde and his works, also the background of The Picture of Dorian Gray. Part 2 introduces the origin and related theories of Freudian’s personality, including id, ego, and superego. Part 3 is an interpretation of the novel from the Freudian’s personality point of view, which forms the main body of this paper. At last, a conclusion is drawn that Wilde’s novel The Picture of Dorian Gray reveals the writer’s own personality.

Key words: Oscar Wilde; The Picture of Dorian Gray; id; ego; superego

II

A Freudian Psychoanalytic Interpretation of The

Picture of Dorian Gray

CONTENTS

摘要 ................................................................................................................................................ Ⅰ ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................................... Ⅱ CONTENTS .................................................................................................................................... Ⅲ Introduction ....................................................................................................................................... 1 1. The Writer and His Novel ......................................................................................................... 2

1.1Oscar Wilde and His Works ................................................................................................. 2 1.2The Background of the Novel the Picture of Dorian Gray .................................................. 3 2.The Origin and Related Theories of Freudian’s Personality .......................................................... 4

2.1 The Origin of Freudian’s Personality Theory...................................................................... 4 2.2 Related Theories of Freudian’s Personality Theory ............................................................ 6

2 .2. 1 The Id ..................................................................................................................... 6 2. 2. 2 The Ego .................................................................................................................. 7 2. 2. 3 The Superego ......................................................................................................... 7

3. Freudian’s Personality Structure in the Novel ............................................................................... 8

3.1. Henry一Representative of the Id...................................................................................... 9 3.2.Dorian一Representative of the Ego ................................................................................ 11 3.3. Basil一Representative of the Superego .......................................................................... 15 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................................... 18 Bibliography ................................................................................................................................... 19 Acknowledgements ......................................................................................................................... 20

III

A Freudian Psychoanalytic Interpretation of The

Picture of Dorian Gray

Introduction

Oscar Wilde (1854-1900) is the advocator of the British Aesthetic Movement and an acknowledged versatile genius in the history of British Literature. He is a brilliant Irish dramatist, novelist, critic, especially famous for his paradoxical and witty plays.

His only novel---The Picture of Dorian Gray, published in1890. It is a strikingly ingenious story of a handsome young man and his selfish pursuit of sensual pleasure. Until the very end of the novel, the devilish man, Dorian Gray, he remains fresh and healthy in appearance just like that of his younger time. While his portrait which was painted by Basil mysteriously changes into a horrible and disgusting image of his corrupted soul. In short, Oscar Wilde’s value which is not only in the history of aestheticism has been witnessed, at the same time; he recounts the English and shakes the most stubborn of European etiquette, so that it leaves this extraordinary name in the historical page.

In the century after the author’s death, with the increasing perfection of the literary critical theories, there search on Wilde and the novel both at home and abroad has always been carried on. In recent years, there have been new research results from various angles published from time to time, which however are scarcely with any deep insight from the psychoanalytic angle. However, in this paper, this novel and its protagonist will be analyzed on Freud’s psychoanalysis. Freud’s personality theory has usually been applied to the analysis of literature by way of describing different characters as embodiments of the id, the ego and the superego and explicating the interaction of the character relationship accordingly. Based upon the personality theory, Henry, Dorian, and Basil can be respectively regarded as the representatives of the id, the ego, and the superego. The three characters in the novel best illustrate Wilde’s personality structure. From these parts, this paper attempts to explore it’s the real self of the writer.

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A Freudian Psychoanalytic Interpretation of The

Picture of Dorian Gray

1. The Writer and His Novel

Oscar is famous in England, and his only novel The Picture of Dorian Gray created a kind of novel sensation and the novel is also the retort and query about the Victorian social values. This part will introduce Oscar and his work, and then I will introduce the background of the novel The Picture of Dorian Gray.

1.1Oscar Wilde and His Works

Oscar Wilde’s rich and dramatic portrayals of the human condition came during the height of the prosperity that swept through London in the Victorian Era of the late 19th century. At a time when all citizens of Britain were finally able to embrace literature the wealthy and educated could only once afford, Wilde wrote many short stories, plays and poems that continue to inspire millions around the world.

Oscar Wilde was born in 1854 in Dublin to unconventional parents - his mother Lady Jane Francesca Wilde, was a poet and journalist. His father was Sir William Wilde, an Irish antiquarian（antiques）, gifted writer, and specialist in diseases of the eye and ear, he studied at Trinity College, Dublin, and then won scholarship to Oxford. After graduation he went to London to advertise him and aestheticism. In 1881, he published his first collection of poetry. “Poems” received mixed reviews by critics, but helped to move Oscar’s writing career along. In 1884 he married Constance Lloyd, and they had two sons, Cyril and Vyvyan. With a family to support, Oscar accepted a job revitalizing the Woman’s World magazine, where he worked from 1887-1889. The next six years were to become the most creative period of his life. He published two collections of children’s stories, The Happy Prince and Other Tales (1888), and The House of Pomegranates (1892). His first and only novel, The Picture of Dorian Gray, was published in an American magazine in 1890 to a storm of critical protest. He

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