芬顿文献小结(2)

低Fenton 试剂的用量，改善普通Fenton 法中药品消耗大的缺点，研究改性Fenton 法，提高Fenton 处理效率。

5.Photocatalysis with solar energy at a pilot-plant scale: an overview

Sixto Malato, Julián Blanco, Alfonso Vidal, Christoph Richter. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 37 (2002) 1–15

1.集中式集热器光催化工程，第一个在欧洲CIEMATA建立 2.非集中式集热器光催化工程 简单、廉价

3.Compound parabolic concentrator (CPC）复合抛物面聚光 有1，2的优点

6.Heterogeneous photo-Fenton oxidation with pillared clay-based catalysts for wastewater treatment: A review

J. Herney-Ramirez, Miguel A. Vicente, Luis M. Madeira. Applied Catalysis B:

Environmental

本文综述了使用异构photo-Fenton-like先进氧化废水处理,采用模拟废水或真正的数据流.

特别注意了,主要操作条件对过程性能的影响,即光源的波长和功率、初始过氧化氢或母体化合物浓度、催化剂负载、pH值和温度。重点给出所使用的催化剂的类型及其合成条件(如热老化或酸处理)。讨论催化剂稳定性，可见光代替紫外光的可能性

要保证固体负载的Fe不易流失，黏土负载能完全矿化且易分离 photo-Fenton-based过程是受几个过程参数

1.射线源的波长和功率的影响（波长大于350nm，很低不是光芬顿过程）有的文献报道波长不在这个范围，光的种类和功率也有影响compared to UV-A (Unilux Philips lamps: 15W UV-C, max = 254 nm, and 40W UV-A, max = 365 nm, with irradiances of 6 and 16W/m2 for UV-C and UV-A, respectively)后者更高效，This can thus enhance the photo-Fenton process but also induce the direct photolysis of both H2O2 to yield HO?。 2.H2O2的初始浓度

浓度太高反而不利，H2O2 + HO? → HO2? + H2O (8)

HO2? + HO? → H2O + O2 (9)

最佳催化剂的量还没有文献证实 3.最初母体化合物浓度影响

污染物浓度太高也会影响反应效果，中间产物有些会捕获 Fe离子或HO?

4.PH影响 最佳ph接近3 低PH下[Fe(H2O)6]3+ 高PH下Fe(OH)3。Cu-based catalysts在中性条件下实现可能较大，因为Cu的活性位点保持不变，考虑metal-clays在中性条件下的应用

5.反应温度影响（30左右较适宜） 6.制备催化剂时焙烧温度影响

热处理制备出的催化剂Fe的滤出量大于没热处理的，比表面积

小，中孔体积大，含Fe多

7.酸处理的影响

Cu代替Fe掺杂在黏土里不经酸化作用，酸化作用以及酸化不含Cu的黏土。第二最好归因于通过酸化时在黏土表面形成了磺化官能团

8.Cu的影响

在中性条件下可以反应，增加了催化活性 。

颗粒尺寸小的催化活性更好，许多人考虑在中性条件下metal-clays的实际应用。

XRF：X射线光谱仪 ICP：电感耦合等离子体 XPS：光电子能谱

XRD：X射线衍射 光芬顿催化机理

可能1.Fe3+ on the surface of Fe-Lap-RD+hv→ Fe2+ on the surface of Fe-Lap-RD (1) Fe2+ on the surface of Fe-Lap-RD + H2O2→ Fe3+ on the surface of Fe-Lap-RD + HO? + OH? (2)

Fe-Lap-RD – dye + HO? → Fe-Lap-RD—Reaction intermediates (3) Fe-Lap-RD – Reaction intermediates + HO? → CO2 +H2O (4) 可能2.H2O2 + visible light → HO? + OH? (16)

X–GN + visible light → X–GN? (17)

Fe(III)species + X–GN? → Fe(II)species(e?) + X–GN+? (18) H2O2 + Fe(II)species(e?) → HO? + Fe(III)species (19)

Fe(III)species + H2O2 → Fe(II)species + HO2? + H+ (20) Fe(II)species + H2O2 → Fe(III)species + HO? + OH? (21) X–GN ? +Fe3+ → Fe2+ + X–GN+? (22) Fe2+ + H2O2 → Fe3+ + OH? + HO? (23) HO? + X–GN → X–GNdegraded products (24) HO? + X–GN+? → X–GNdegraded products

动力学方程Langmuir-Hinshelwood rate equations Assuming that the activation of the adsorbed organic molecule by OH radicals is the rate determining step, these authors concluded that the photodegradation rate can be expressed by a LH kinetics as follows:

不足：

Nevertheless, from the applied point of view one should also take into account other issues that have also been discussed in detail. These include, for instance, catalyst stability. Besides, for industrial application of these AOPs, the use of continuous-flow reactors should be considered, e.g. of the thin-film type, as well as the possibility of using visible radiation, thus making use of a wider range of the solar spectrum. Another important technological issue to consider in practice is the mode of the oxidant (hydrogen

peroxide) addition, as it represents one important operating cost. Thus, its efficient use should be carefully optimized.

7.Heterogeneous photocatalytic treatment of organic dyes in air and aqueous media

K. Rajeshwar et al. / Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology C: Photochemistry Reviews 9 (2008) 171–192 8.Experimental Design to Optimize the Oxidation of Orange II Dye Solution Using a Clay-based Fenton-like Catalyst

J. Herney-Ramirez M. Lampinen,?Miguel A. Vicente Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2008, 47, 284-294

独立变量：温度、双氧水浓度、催化剂（负载Fe的柱形黏土），从获得的数据显示非均相Fendon过程对于实现偶氮染料的降解是很有希望的，Actually, after 4 h oxidation color removals near 100% and TOC of at least 65% were

experimentally achieved when the temperature was 40 ?C or higher. Iron leaching was also quite small after 4 h of oxidation (in the range 0.66-5%), pointing to a good stability of the catalyst （40摄氏度时Fe的浸出量较小）说明催化剂有很好的稳定性。对影响参数探究总结主要归咎于两种：温度和催化剂浓度，双氧水浓度影响忽略。

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