73. The data was analysed by gender and demonstrates some significant gender inequalities in access to, and use of, information and communication technologies (ICTs) both in the work and domestic context. These media are proposed as main delivery and support media for adult students. Gender inequality is therefore of serious concern.
74. As amusing and ingenious as electronic entertainment can be, children——and the society they live in——are the losers when they rely on these forms of fun. Unlike traditional games and toys, “wired” entertainment encourages kids to be unimaginative, socially immature, and crudely desensitized to the world around them.
75. Human beings are now altering the basic physiology of the planet. Industrial smog can be found everywhere over the oceans, and weather patterns are so distorted that climatologists now discuss “climate death”. Industrial contamination is pervasive, even in the fat cells of Antarctic penguins. The rain is not only acid but toxic. Whether industrialism warms or cools the atmosphere, its chemical experiment threatens to change life in ways barely imaginable, but undoubtedly for the worse.
Section B (10 points, 2 points each)
Directions: Put the following sentences into English. Use the word or expression given in the bracket after each sentence. Write your English version in the appropriate space on your answer sheets.
76. 提供电子化社会交往的设施对女性具有吸引力。(appeal to)
77. 除了给公司带来利润之外，这个项目还有助于保护环境。(along with) 78. 当其他生物从地球上消失时，我们人类会变成什么样呢？(become of) 79. 经常玩电子游戏的孩子容易失去创造力。(be apt to) 80. 可持续发展的理论对于发展中国家也同样适用。(hold true)
Part V Writing (15%)
Directions: Read the following article and do the following:
A: list out key words;（5 points）
B: write a summary in no more than 200 words.（10 points）
Where Do Those Bright Ideas Come From?
There are few experiences quite so satisfactory as getting a good idea. You’ve had a problem, you’ve thought about it till you were tired, forgotten it and perhaps slept on it, and then flash! When you weren’t thinking about it，suddenly the answer has come to you, as a gift from the gods. You’re pleased with it, and feel good. It may not be right, but at least you can try it out.
Of course all ideas don’t come like that, but the interesting thing is that so many do, particularly the most important ones. They burst into the mind, glowing with the heat of creation. How they do it is a mystery. But they must have come from somewhere. For the moment lets us assume that they come from the “unconscious.” This is reasonable, for the psychologists use this term to describe mental processes which are unknown to the subject, and creative thought depends on what was unknown becoming known.
We have all experienced this sudden arrival of a happy idea, but it is easiest to examine it in the great creative figures, many of whom experienced it in an intensified form and have written it down in their memoirs and letters. One can draw examples from genius in any field, from religion, philosophy, and literature to art and music, even in mathematics, science, and technical invention, though these are often thought to depend only on logic and experiment. It seems that all truly creative activity depends in some degree on these signals from the unconscious, and the more highly perceptive the person, the sharper and more dramatic the signals become.
Let’s see the example of Richard Wagner composing the prelude to “Rhinegold.” Wagner said that he had been occupied with the general idea of the “Ring” for several years, and for many weary months had been struggling to make a start with the actual composition. On September 4, 1863, he reached Spezia, sick, went to a hotel, could not sleep for noise without and fever within, took a long walk the next day, and in the afternoon flung himself on a couch intending to sleep. And then at last the miracle happened for which his unconscious mind had been crying out for so many months. Falling into a sleeplike condition, he suddenly felt as though he were sinking in a mighty flood of water, and the rush and roar soon took musical shape within his brain. He recognized that the orchestral prelude to the “Rhinegold”, which for a long time he must have carried about within him, yet had never been able to put it into form, had at last taken its shape within him.
In this example, the conscious mind at the moment of creation knew nothing of the actual processes by which the solution was found. As a contrast we may take a famous story: the discovery by Henri Poincare, the great French mathematician, of a new mathematical method called the Fuchsian functions (富克斯函数). For here we see the conscious mind, in a person of highest ability, actually watching the unconscious at work. For two weeks Poincare had been attempting to prove that there could not be any function similar to what he had since called the Fuchsian functions. Every day he sat down at his table and spent an hour or two trying a great number of combinations, and he arrived at no result. One night he took some black coffee, contrary to his usual habit, and was unable to sleep. A lot of ideas kept surging in his head; he could almost feel them pushing against one another, until two of them united, so to speak, to form a stable combination. When morning came, he had established the existence of one class of Fuchsian functions he had only to prove the results, which took only a few hours.
While the Wagner story shows the sudden explosion of a new conception into consciousness, in this one we see the conscious mind observing the new combinations being formed in the unconscious. A third type of creative experience is exemplified by the dreams which came to Descartes at the age of twenty-three and determined the path he was to follow for the rest of his life. Descartes tells how he had unsuccessfully searched for certainty, first in the world of books, and then in the world of men, and how in a dream on November 10, 1619, he made the significant discovery that he could only find certainty in his own thoughts, cogito ergo sum (I think, therefore I exist). This dream filled him with intense religious enthusiasm. Freud classified this dream as one of those whose content is very close to conscious thought.
Wagner’s, Poincare’s, and Descartes’ experiences are representative of countless others in
every field of culture. The unconscious is certainly the source of instinctive activity and therefore sometimes in conflict with the demands of reason, as Freud emphasized. But in creative thought the unconscious is responsible, not for conflict, but for the production of new organized forms from relatively disorganized elements.
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71. 玩家就像操纵杆一样，充其量就是个工具。他那瞬间的乐趣并不能令他满足，因为那样
不能给他真正的成就感，只是糊里糊涂地看着别人的创造在一点点展现而已。 72. 生态效能这个概念在1992年的地球峰会上也许显得很新颖，但它的起源可以追溯到早
期的工业化时期。亨利·福特早在1926年时就通过循环使用和再利用原材料、减少使用自然资源、包装最小化、对省时的流水线设定新标准等方法为他的公司节省金钱。 73. 这份以性别为基础来分析的数据表明了在工作和家庭环境中，在能够接触和使用信息通
讯技术方面的性别不平等。信息通讯技术被建议作为成人学生获取学习信息的主要传播和支撑媒介，因此该方面的性别不平等应得到认真的关注。
74. 电子游戏既好玩又设计精巧，当孩子们依赖于这些娱乐形式时，他们以及他们赖以生存的社会都成了失败者。与传统的游戏和玩具不同的是，电子娱乐促使孩子们不去发挥想象力，社交不成熟，对周围世界冷若冰霜。
75. 人类正改变着我们这颗行星的基本生理系统。工业烟雾四处弥漫，远及大洋；天气样本无章可寻以至于气候学家现在也探讨“气候的极度恶化”问题。工业污染无孔不入，甚至残留于南极洲企鹅的脂肪细胞中。雨不仅呈酸性，而且有毒。不论工业主义使大气变暖还是变凉，其化学实验将如何导致生物变异还难以想象，但情形将每况愈下是无疑的。 76. The facilities for doing social communication electronically appeal to women.
77. Along with profits for the company, this project can also help protect the environment. 78. What will become of our human beings when other creatures disappear from the earth? 79. Kids who often play electronic games are apt to lose creativity.
80. The theory of sustainable development also holds true for the developing countries.
A: key words: bright ideas, unconsciousness（这两个词为最基本关键词）（5分） B: write a summary in no more than 150 words. （10 分） It is interesting that many great ideas burst into the mind unconsciously. This can be examined in the great creative figures, such as Wagner whose orchestral prelude to “Rhinegold” was put into form when he was falling into a sleeplike condition, Poincare whose new idea came out when his conscious mind was in the unconscious state, and Descartes whose new ideas came out in a dream, but the content was very close to conscious thought.
These great figures’ experiences are representative of countless others in every field of
culture. The unconscious is certainly the source of instinctive activity and therefore sometimes in conflict with the demands of reason, as Freud emphasized. But in creative thought the unconscious is responsible, not for conflict, but for the production of new organized forms from relatively disorganized elements.
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