2016GRE阅读机经----经典反复重现题整理(附答案)(2)

priortothePleistocene

C.citeevidencesuggestingthatdwarfingmayhaveadverseconsequencesforsomespecieslivingonislands

D.presentsomepossibleexplanationsforthedwarfingofcertainspecieslivingonislands

E.contrasttheeffectsofinsularconditionsonspecieswithlargebodysizeandspecieswithsmallbody

2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutbodysizeinmammalsistrue?

A.Alargebodyisunfavorabletomammalianspecies’survivalundermostconditions.

B.Alargebodytendstobenefitsmallmammalslivingonislands.

C.Formostherbivorousmammals,alargebodysizeiseasiertosustainintheabsenceoflargepredators.

D.Undermostconditions,asmallbodyislessbeneficialtoherbivorousmammalsthantononherbivorousmammals.

E.Amongnonherbivorousmammals,asmallbodyismorebeneficialonanislandthanonamainland.

答案：DB

Passage7

Intheearlytwentiethcentury,smallmagazinesandtheinnovativegraphicsusedonthemcreatedthefaceoftheavant-guard.Itwasalookthatsignaledprogressiveideasandunconventionalitybecauseitdispensedwiththecardinalruleofgraphicdesign:totakeanideaandmakeitvisuallyclear,concise,andinstantlyunderstood.Instead,graphicsproducedbyavant-guardartistsexclusivelyfortheavant-guard(asopposedtotheiradvertisingwork)wereusuallydifficulttodecipher,ambiguous,ornonsensical.Thisoverturningofconvention,thisassailingofstandardgraphicandtypographicformats,waspartofasearchforintellectualfreedom.Theimpulsetowardliberationenabledavant-guardiststoseewithfresheyesuntriedpossibilitiesforarrangingandrelatingwordsandimagesonpaper.

1.Accordingtothepassage,theprimarypurposeofconventionalgraphicdesignisto

A.renderunpopularideaspalatabletoawideraudienceB.capturereaders’attentionwithboldfonts

C.communicatenonsensicalnotionstoawidepublic

D.communicateideasasefficientlyandunambiguouslyaspossibleE.introducepreviouslyunknownideastothegeneralpublic

Forthefollowingquestion,considereachofthechoicesseparatelyandselectallthatapply.

62.Accordingtothepassage,avant-guardartistsoftheearlytwentieth-centurycreatedambiguousornonsensicalgraphicsaspartofanattemptto

A.expandthepotentialforexpressionthroughvisualartB.competewithadvertisementsforreader’sattentionC.encouragetheexpansionofsmallmagazines

答案：DA

Passage8

AccordingtoHillandSpicer,theterm“nation-state”isamisnomer,sincetheidealmodelofamonolingual,culturallyhomogeneousstatehasneverexisted,notevenamongEuropeans,whoinventedthenation-stateconceptandintroducedittotherestoftheworld.ModernEuropeanstates,theyargue,emergedaftertheRenaissancethroughtheriseofnations(i.e.,specificethnicgroups)topositionsofpoliticalandeconomicdominanceoveranumberofotherethnicgroupswithintheboundedpoliticalterritories.Theterm“nation-state”,HillandSpicerargue,obscurestheinternalculturalandlinguisticdiversityofstatesthatcouldmoreaccuratelybecalled“conqueststates.”Theresurgenceofmultipleethnicgroupswithinasinglestate,Hillsays,isnot“potentiallythreatingtothesovereignjurisdictionofthestate,”asUrbanandSherzersuggest;rather,theassertionofculturaldifferencesthreatenstorevealethnocentricbeliefsandpracticesuponwhichconqueststateswerehistoricallyfoundedandthustoopenupthepossibilityfora“nations-state”inwhichconqueredethnicgroupsenjoyequalrightswiththeconqueringethnicgroupbutdonotfacethethreatofpersecutionorculturalassimilationintothedominantethnicgroup.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto

A.discussissuesrelatingtoaformofpoliticalorganizationbyraisingdoubtsabouttheterminologyusedtorefertoit

B.tracechangesinaformofpoliticalorganizationbyexaminingtheevolutionoftheterminologyusedtoreferto

C.justifythecontinueduseofanestablishedtermforanevolvingformofpoliticalorganization

D.questiontheaccuracyofanewtermforaformofpoliticalorganization

E.comparetwotermsforaformofpoliticalorganization

2.TheauthorofthepassagequotesUrbanandSherzermostprobablyinorderto

A.introduceadiscussionofthelegalramificationsofexpandingthenation-stateconcept

B.summarizeaclaimaboutonepossibleeffectofassertingcultural

7differenceswithinastate

C.shiftthefocusofdiscussionfrominternalthreatsthatstatesfacetoexternalthreatsthattheyface

D.pointoutsimilaritiesbetweenthethreatstostatesseenbyUrbanandSherzerandthoseseenbyHill

E.describeonewayanethnocentricpracticehasaffectedattemptstoassertculturaldifferenceswithinastate

3.Accordingtothepassage,HillandSpicerdefinenationsaswhichofthefollowing?

A.coalitionsofdistinctethnicgroupswithsimilarconcernsB.Distinctethnicgroups

C.CulturallyhomogeneousstatesD.LinguisticallydiversestatesE.Territoriallyboundedstates

答案：ABB

Passage9

From1910to1913,womensuffragistsintheUnitedStatesorganizedannualparades—activitytraditionallyconductedbymentoproclaimsolidarityinsomecause—notonlyasapublicexpressionofsuffragistsolidaritybutalsoaconscioustransgressionoftherulesofsocialorder:women’sverypresenceinthestreetschallengedtraditionalnotionsoffemininityandrestrictionsonwomen’sconduct.Whilerecognizingtheparade’srhetoricalforceasavehicleforsocialchange,scholarshaverecentlybeguntoexamineitsdrawbacksasaformofprotest.LumsdencharacterizestheAmericansuffrageparadeasa“double-edgedsword”,arguingthatwomen’seffortstoproclaimtheirsolidarityleftthemopentopatronizingcommentaryfrompressandpublicandtoorganizedoppositionfromantisuffragists.

1.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatmen’sandwomen’sparadesweresimilarinthatboth

A.wereemployedasrhetoricalvehiclesforsocialchange

B.wereregardedasviolatingcontemporarystandardsofpublicdecorum

C.madeparticipantsvulnerabletoorganizedoppositionD.werelargelyineffectiveasformsofprotest

E.wereintendedbytheirparticipantsaspublicdeclarationsofsolidarity

2.Thepassagesuggestswhichofthefollowingaboutproponentsofthe“rulesofsocialorder?”

A.Theyfrowneduponpublicdisplayssuchasparades.

B.Theyhadulteriormotivesforobjectingtowomen’sparticipationin

8suffrageparades.

C.Theyformedthecoreoftheorganizedoppositiontowomensuffrage.

D.Theybelievedthatitwasunfeminineforwomentomarchinsuffrageparades.

E.Theysupportedwomen’srightstovotebutdisapprovesomeofthemethodsthatsuffragistsemployedtogainthatright.

答案：ED

Passage10

UnlikemostJaneAustenscholarshipbefore1980,muchrecentscholarshipanalyzesthenovelsofAusten,wholivedfrom1775to1817,inthecontextofAusten’stumultuoustimes,whichsawtheFrenchandAmericanrevolutionsandtheNapoleonicWars.YetFrantznotesanotherrevolution,rarelymentionedinAustenscholarship:theGreatMasculineRenunciationthatalteredconventionsinmen’sdressandbehavior.Duringthelatereighteenthcentury,wealthygentlemenexchangedthevelvetsandsatinslonginfashionforsomberwoolensuits.Frantzcontendsthatthischangereflecteddeeperculturalchanges.Thevalueonceplacedonmen’sexpressiveness,reflectedinMackenzie’snovelTheManofFeeling(1771),gavewaytoapreferenceforemotionalrestraint.InAusten’snovels,theheroineoftenstrugglestoglimpsethetruenatureofherobeneathhisreservedexterior.

1.TheauthorofthepassagementionsTheManofFeeling(1771)inorderto

A.contrastMackenzie’sreasonsforwritingnovelswiththoseofAusten

B.introduceevidenceregardingtheinfluenceofparticularwritersonAusten

C.corroborateaclaimthataconventionofmasculinebehaviorchangedduringAusten’slifetime

D.suggestthatAusten’snovelsweremorereflectiveoftheirhistoricalcontextthanMackenzie’shadbeen

E.challengeaparticularmisconceptionaboutthemodesofbehaviorcommonamonggentlemeninthelatereighteenthcentury

2.ThepassagesuggestswhichofthefollowingaboutscholarshiponJaneAusten?

A.Muchrecentscholarshiphasbeguntoplacegreateremphasisongenderconventionsgoverningmen’sbehaviorduringAusten’slifetime.

B.SomescholarshiphasdebatedwhetherAusten’snovelsdepictemotionalrestraintasanadmiralquality.

9C.CertainscholarsarguethatAusten’snovelsdonotaccuratelyreflectculturalchangesduringAusten’slifetimethatchangedthewaygentlemendressedandbehaved.

D.After1980,scholarshiponAustenshiftedtowardagreateremphasisonthehistoricalcontextinwhichshewrote.

E.Withfewexceptions,recentscholarshipdepictsAustenasawriterwhohadlittleinterestinthetumultuouseventsofhertime.

答案：CD

Passage11

WhereasCarlosBulosanaimedthroughfictionandpersonaltestimonytoadvancebothFilipinocivilrightsintheUnitedStatesandthesocialtransformationofthePhilippines,YenLeEspirituhassetherselfthetaskofrecoveringlifehistoriesofFilipinoAmericans.HerworkbringsFilipinoAmericansofthegenerationfollowingthe1934-1965immigrationhiatusgraphicallytolife.AspecialstrengthistherepresentationofFilipinoAmericanwomen,whowerescarceamongimmigrantsbeforethe1934AmericancurbonFilipinoimmigrationbutcomposedmorethanhalfoftheimmigrantstoAmericasinceliberalizationin1965.Espiritu’ssubjectsdocumenttheirchangingsenseofFilipinoidentityintheUnitedStates,muchasBulosandidasamemberofthefirstsubstantialwaveofimmigrants.

1.Accordingtothepassage,bothBulosanandEspiritudowhichofthefollowingintheirwork?

A.ConsidergenerationaldifferencesinFilipinoimmigrants’responsestolifeintheUnitedStates

B.AttempttomakeallowanceforthedemographicvariationsamongFilipinoimmigrantstotheUnitedStates

C.EmployfictioninadditiontodocumentingactuallifehistoriesofFilipinoimmigrantstotheUnitedStates

D.RepresenthowlifeintheUnitedStateshasaffectedimmigrants’senseofFilipinoidentity

E.ExaminetheeffectsonFilipinosintheUnitedStatesofthe1934AmericancurbonFilipinoimmigration

2.Inthecontextinwhichitappears,“graphically”mostnearlymeansA.inwriting

B.bymeansofdrawingC.impressionisticallyD.diagrammaticallyE.vividly

答案：DE

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