Unit 14 篇章翻译（二）
课时：
2H
教学目的要求：
在汉译英中了解散文体的翻译并赏析散文及其译文。 教学重点：
散文体中对话的翻译法。 教学难点：
散文体中“说”的翻译方法。 教学内容：
背景介绍：
《落花生》是著名作家、翻译家和学者许地山（1893—1941）的一篇散文。许地山， 字地山，笔名落花生，祖籍广东揭阳，出生地台湾台南，回大陆后落籍福建龙溪。
作者回忆童年时代的一个生活片段，语言朴实、清新而自然。文中的父亲借平凡的花生，讲述人生的道理，深入浅出，富于哲理。本文围绕种、收、吃、议，阐明了主题思想：人要做有用的人，不要做只讲体面而无用的人。 “父亲”的教育方法是：寓教育于日常谈话中。
选材广泛，结构自由灵活，艺术表现形式多样；篇幅一般不长。
散文贵在“散”， 不拘一格，用继续、说明、抒情、议论、描写等多种表达方式；但中心明确，言简意赅，形散而神不散。
散文翻译：
1． 翻译散文，要注意作者的语言风格，“篇中不能有冗张，章中不能有冗 句，句中不能有冗语。”（林纾）（译者必须辨别文章的文体色彩，熟悉不同文体的语言风格；更重要的是，要善于运用译入语中不同文体的语言风格来再现原文的语言风格，使译文与原文的文体色彩相符合，达到形式与功能的对等。
2．翻译散文，要特别讲究遣词造句、谋篇布局等方面的问题。
我们家的后院有半亩空地。母亲说：“让它荒芜着怪可惜，你们那么爱吃花生，就开辟出来做花生园罢。”我们几姊弟和几个丫头都很喜欢—— 买种的买种，动土的动土，灌园的灌园；过不了几个月，居然收获了。
At the back of our house there was half a mu of unused land. “It’s a pity to let it lie waste like that,” Mother said, “Since you all enjoy eating peanuts, let us open it up and make it a peanut garden.” At that my bother, sister and I were all delighted and so were the young housemaids. And then some went to buy seeds, some began to dig the ground and others watered it and, in a couple of months, we had a harvest!
[Let it lie waste like that. 表示荒芜着的状态，加上之后使译文口语色彩更浓厚，上下衔接也更加自然。
居然的翻译：“居然”的解释是副词，竟，出乎意料地，直译为：unexpectedly, surprisingly, to our surprise, 这样可以接受并忠实于原文。但文中的and， 很自然地连接了上下句，轻松巧妙地原文出乎预料的语气融于句中，艺术效果堪与原文
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媲美。
另外，秭弟几个需要具体化：可以翻译成：my brothers, sisters and I ]
母亲说：“今晚我们可以过一个收获节，也请你们的父亲来尝尝我们的新花生，好不好？”我们都说好。母亲把花生做成好几样的食品，还吩咐这节日要在园里的茅亭举行。
“Let us have a party tonight to celebrate, “ Mother suggested, “and ask Dad to come for a taste of our fresh (newly harvested) peanuts. What do you say?” We all agreed of course. Mother cooked the peanuts in different styles and told us to go to the thatched pavilion in the garden for the celebration.
Ask Dad to come for a taste, 口语化的翻译，不必用invite somebody. We all agreed of course (We all shouted agreement) Thatched pavilion 不说straw pavilion 那晚天色不太好，是父亲也来了，实在很难得。爹爹说：“你们爱吃花生么？” The weather was not very good that night but, to our great delight, Dad came all the same. “Do you like peanuts?” Dad asked.
It is great of him to come to the celebration. 难得他如此尽心。
It is really great of him to go into the matter with such devotion. 我们都争着答应：“爱！” “Yes!” We all answered eagerly. 父亲说：“谁能把花生的好处说出来？”
“But who can tell me what the peanut is good for?” 姐姐说：“花生的味美。”哥哥说：“花生可以榨油。”我说：“无论何等人都可以用贱价买它来吃；都喜欢吃它。这就是花生的好处。”
“It is very delicious to eat,” my sister took the lead. “It is good for making oil,” my brother followed.
“It is inexpensive.” I said with confidence. （I added） “Almost everyone can afford it and everyone enjoys eating it. I think this is what it is good for.”
父亲说：“花生的用处固然很多，但有一样是很可贵的：这小小的豆不像那好看的桃子、石榴、苹果那样，把他们的果实悬在枝上，鲜红嫩绿的颜色，令人一望而生羡慕之心。它只把果实埋在地里，等到成熟，才容人把它挖出来。你们偶然看见一棵花生瑟缩地长在地上，不能立刻辨出它有没有果实，非得等到你接触到它才能知道。”
“Peanut is good for many things,” Dad said, “but there is one thing that is particularly good about it. Unlike apples, peaches and pomegranates that display their fruits up in the air, attracting you with their beautiful colors, peanut buries its seeds in the earth. They do not show themselves until you dig them out when they are ripe and, unless you dig them out, you can’t tell whether it bears sees or not just by its frail stems above ground.”
我们都说：“是的。”母亲也点点头。爹爹接下去说：“所以你们要像花生，因为它是有用的，不是伟大、好看的东西。” 我说：“那么，人要做有用的人，
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不要做伟大、体面的人了。”爹爹说：“这是我对于你们的希望。”
“That’s true, “ we all said and Mother nodded her assent. “So you should try to be like the peanut, “ Dad went on, “because it is useful, though not great or attractive.”
“Do you mean,” I asked, “we should learn to be useful but not seek to be great or attractive?”
“Yes,” Dad said. “This is what I wish you to be.”
我们谈到夜阑才散，所有花生食品虽然没有了，然而父亲的话现在还印在我心坎上。
We stayed up late that night, eating all the peanuts Mother had cooked for us. But father’s words remained vivid in my memory till this day.
选自刘士聪《汉英、英汉美文翻译与鉴赏》136 齐乃政《中级英语笔译模拟试题精解》134
课后练习：
父亲打了我的时候，我就在祖父的房里，一直面向着窗子，从黄昏到深夜——窗外的白雪，好象白棉一样的飘着：而暖炉上水壶的盖子，则像伴奏的乐器似的振动着。
When Father beat me, I would go to Grandpa’s room and stood by the window from evening till late into the night, watching the cotton white snow falling, while the lid of the kettle over the stove clinked like a musical instrument playing accompaniment.
祖父时时把多纹的双手放在我的肩上，而后又放在我的头上，我的耳边便响着这样的声音：
“快快长吧！长大就好了。”
Grandpa, putting his wrinkled hand on my shoulder and then on my head, would say,
“Grow quickly, my child. When you are grown, things will be better.”
二十岁那年，我就逃出了父亲的家庭。知道现在还是过着流浪的生活。 When I was twenty I fled home. Since then I have been wandering around like a hobo.
“长大”是“长大”了，而没有“好”。 “Grown” as I am, things are not any “better”.
可是从祖父那里，知道了人生除掉了冰冷和憎恶而外，还有温暖和爱。 所以我就向这“温暖”和“爱”的方面，怀着永久的憧憬和追求。
However, from Grandpa I have learned that in life there is not only coldness and hatred, but also warmth and love. For that “warmth” and “love”, I will keep yearning. （节选自萧红《永久的憧憬和追求》）My Ever-lasting Yearning 作业
完成讲义上的练习 课后反思
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