are suffering from war, famine or poverty.
All these people, known or unknown, make up our big human family. At different points, they come into my life and broaden my perspective. Now as I am to make choices for myself, it is time to make efforts to improve their lives, because a world will benefit us all only if everyone in it can 了人类这个大家庭。他们从不同的时空中走进了我的生活，
开拓了我的视野。现在，我将为自己做出抉择，该是为使他们的生活变得美好而奋斗的时候了。因为只有当每个人都过上和平、富足的生活，世界才能成为大家lead a peaceful and prosperous life.
56 Secrets of Straight-A Students (I)
The kids at the top of the class get there by mastering a few basic techniques that others can readily learn. Here, according to the education experts and students themselves, are the secrets of straight-A students.
1. Set priorities. Top students brook no intrusions on study time. Once the books are open or the computer is booted up, phone calls go unanswered, TV shows unwatched, snacks ignored. Study is business; business comes before recreation.
2. Study anywhere—or everywhere. Study times were strictly a matter of personal preference. Some worked late at night when the house was quiet. Others woke early. Still others studied as soon as they came home from school when the work was fresh in their minds. All agreed, however, on the need for consistency.
3. Get organized. Don't waste time looking for a pencil or missing paper . Keep everything right where one could put one's hands on it. Even students who don't have a private study area remain organized. A backpack or drawer keeps essential supplies together and cuts down on timewasting searches.
4. Learn how to read. The secret of good reading is to be an active reader—one who continually asks questions that lead to a full understanding of the author's message.
5. Schedule your time. Even the best students procrastinate sometimes. But when that happens, they face up to it. \you want A's, you make sure to hit the deadline.\Says Christi Anderson, a top student at Lyman High School.
6. Take good notes—and use them. Reading the textbook is important, but the teacher is going to test you on what he or she emphasized. That's what you find in your notes.
Words: 287
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的乐园。
56 全优学生的秘诀
班上尖子学生之所以拔尖是因为他们掌握着其他人也容易学会的几个基本技巧。下面就是教育专家和学生本人认可的全优学生的秘诀。
1. 确立优先做的事。名列前茅的学生不允许学习时间受到侵占。一旦他们打开书本或电脑，他们就不会回电话，看电视，吃零食。学习是正事，应该先于娱乐。
2．随时随地学习。严格地说，什么时间学习要看个人喜好。有些人喜欢在夜深人静的时候用功；有些人习惯于早起；而有些人一从学校回到家就开始学习，这时功课在他们头脑中还没有生疏。但是他们一致认为学习要持之以恒。
3．收拾有序。不要为了寻找一支铅笔或丢失的纸张而浪费时间。把所有用品放在随手可及的地方。即使没有单独学习空间的学生也应井井有条。他们把必备的用品都放在背包和抽屉里，这样可减少寻找东西的时间。
4．学会如何阅读。成为一名活跃的读者是达到良好阅读水平的秘诀。阅读时不断地提问会帮助你完全地理解作者的用意。
5. 安排好时间。即使是最优秀的学生有时做事也会拖延。但是在这种情况下，他们会勇敢地面对这种惰性。莱门高级中学的优秀学生克利斯蒂〃安德森说：?如果你想得到A，你就必须在截止日期之前把事情完成。?
6．做好笔记——并且利用它们。阅读课本自然重要，但是老师将会对他们所强调的内容进行测试，而你可以在笔记中找到这些重点。
7. 保持整洁。整洁的试卷比满是污迹的试卷更容易获得高分。交上整洁试卷的学生离得A不远了。这就像端上一块干酪
57 Secrets of Straight-A Students (II)
7. Clean up your act. Neat papers are likely to get higher grades than sloppy ones. The student who turns in a neat paper is already on the way to A. It's like being served a cheeseburger. No matter how good it really is, you can't believe it tastes good if it's presented on a messy plate.
8. Speak up. Class participation goes beyond merely asking questions. It's a matter of showing intellectual curiosity.
9. Study together. Asian-Americans, on average, scored higher than other minority students from similar academic backgrounds, for they discussed homework problems together, tried different approaches and explained their solutions to one another. The others, by contrast, studied alone, spent most of their time reading and rereading the text, and tried the same approach time after time even if it was unsuccessful.
10. Test yourself. Students who make up possible test questions often find' many of the same questions on the real exam and thus score higher.
11. Do more than you're asked. Part of learning is practicing. And the more you practice, the more you learn.
The most important \so secret. For almost all straight-A students, the contribution of their parents was crucial. From infancy, the parents imbued them with a love for learning. They set high standards for their kids, and held them to those standards. They encouraged their sons and daughters in their studies but did not do the work for them. In short, the parents impressed the lessons of responsibility on their kids and the kids delivered.
58 Bill Clinton's Remark at Beijing University (I)
I come here today to talk to you, the next generation of China's leaders, about the critical importance to your future of building a strong partnership between China and the United States.
The American people deeply admire China for its thousands of years of contributions to culture and religion, to philosophy and the arts, to science and technology. We remember well our strong partnership in World War II. Now we see China at a moment in history when your glorious past is matched by your present sweeping transformation and the even greater promise of your future.
Just three decades ago, China was virtually shut off from
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汉堡，不管它有多美味，如果把它放在一个肮脏的盘子里，你就无法相信它味美可口。
8．大胆发言。课堂参与不仅限于提出问题，而在于表现出对知识的好奇心。
9．共同学习。亚洲籍美国学生的成绩比学业背景类似的其他少数民族学生要优异，因为他们一起谈论家庭作业中遇到的问题，尝试各种不同的方法，并且相互解释答案。相反，其他学生却单独学习，他们花费大部分时间一个人反复地读课文，反复地运用相同的方法，即使这种方法并不生效。
10进行自测。经常编题目来测试自己的学生，在真正的考试中会发现很多相同的题目，从而得到高分。
1l超额多学。学习的一部分是练习。你练习得越多，学到的知识就越多。
这些优异的学生最重要的秘诀却并不神秘。对于绝大多数全优学生而言，他们的父母的作用是举足轻重的。从幼儿时期，这些父母就给他们灌输了对学习的热爱。他们给儿女们确立了高标准，并坚持不懈的要求他们。他们在学习上鼓励儿女，但从不代他们学习。简言之，父母使儿女们铭记他们的责任，而孩子们身体力行。
58 比尔〃克林顿在北京大学的演说(一)
今天，我来到这里，向你们——中国下一代的领袖们，发表演说，探讨在中国和美国之间建立紧密的伙伴关系这一对你们的未来至关重要的问题。
数千年以来，中国对人类的文化、宗教、哲学、艺术、科技作出了贡献；为此，美国人民深切地仰慕中国。我们也铭记着第二次世界大战期间，中美两国曾紧密合作，协同作战。如今，我们正关注着处于这样一个历史时刻的中国：你们正在进行着一场与你们辉煌的历史同样伟大的全面的变革，你们的前景会更加美好。
仅仅30年前，中国与世隔绝。如今，中国已经加入一千多个国际组织；这些组织涉及从航空旅行到农业开发等诸多领域。贵国已经在贸易和投资领域大规模对外开放。今天，多达4万的中国青年正在
the world. Now, China is a member of more than 1,000 international organizations—enterprises that affect everything from air travel to agricultural development. You have opened your nation to trade and investment on a large scale. Today, 40,000 young Chinese study in the United States, with hundreds of thousands more learning in Asia, Africa, Europe, and Lat in America.
Your social and economic transformation has been even more remarkable, moving from a closed command economic system to a driving, increasingly market-based and driven economy, generating two decades of unprecedented growth, giving people greater freedom to travel within and outside China, to vote in village elections, own a home, choose a job, attend a better school. As a result you have lifted literally hundreds of millions of people from poverty. Per capita income has more than doubled in the last decade. Most Chinese people are leading lives they could not have imagined just 20 years ago.
Of course, these changes have also brought disruptions in settled patterns of life and work, and have imposed enormous strains on your environment. Once every urban Chinese was guaranteed employment in a state enterprise. Now you must compete in a job market. Once a Chinese worker had only to meet the demands of central planner in Beijing. Now the global economy means all must match the quality and creativity of the rest of the world. For those who lack the right training and skills and support, this new world can be daunting.
In the short term, good, hardworking people— some, at least—will find themselves unemployed. And, as all of you can see, there have been enormous environmental and economic and health care costs to the development pattern and the energy use pattern of the last 20 years—from air pollution to deforestation to acid rain and water shortage.
In the face of these challenges, new systems of training and social security will have to be devised, and new environmental policies and technologies will have to be introduced with the goal of growing your economy while improving the environment. Everything I know about the intelligence, the ingenuity, the enterprise of the Chinese people and everything I have heard these last few days in my discussions with President Jiang, Prime Minister Zhu and others give me confidence that you will succeed.
59 Bill Clinton's Remark at Beijing University
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美国学习，还有数十万留学生在亚、非、欧、拉美等地深造。
贵国的社会和经济变革甚至还要引人注目。从封闭的指令性经济体制向充满活力，越来越以市场为基础、由市场驱动的经济体制的转轨，给中国带来了20年史无前例的发展，赋予了人民在国内外旅行、举行村级选举、拥有个人住房、自主择业和选择更好的学校等诸多方面以更大的自由。作为这一切的成果，中国实际上已经使数以亿计的人民摆脱了贫困；在过去10年中，人均收入翻了一番多。大多数中国人今天的生活仅仅在20年前还是无法想像的。
当然，上述变革同时中断了以往固定的生活和工作模式，给环境也带来了巨大的压力。过去，中国的每一个城镇居民都享有在国营企业就业的保障；现在，人们必须在就业市场竞争。过去，中国工人只需要达到北京的中央计划制定部门的要求；现在，全球化、一体化经济意味着所有的人都必须与世界各地的人们在素质和创造力方面一较高低。对于那些缺乏合适的培训、技能和资金的人们来说，这个崭新的世界或许是令人沮丧的。
在短期内，善良勤劳的人们，至少是其中一些人会发现自己找不到工作。此外，众所周知，过去20年的发展模式和能源利用的模式已经使环境、经济、卫生付出了巨大的代价——从大气污染到森林滥伐，从酸雨到缺水莫不如此。
面临这些挑战，必须建立新的培训和社会保障体制。必须制定新的环境政策，引入新的技术手段，以期在发展经济的同时改善环境。我所了解的中国人民的智慧、创造性、进取精神，以及最近几天与江主席、朱总理和其他一些人的会谈中我所听到的——这一切都使我充满信心：你们一定会取得成功。
59 比尔〃克林顿在北京大学的演说(二)
在你们建设一个崭新的中国的过程中，美国希望和中国建立一种新型关系。我们希望中国成为一个成功的、安全的、开放的国家，和我们共同努力建设一个更加和平和繁荣的世界。我知道在中美两国
(II)
As you build a new China, America wants to build a new relationship with you. We want China to be successful, secure and open, working with us for a more peaceful and prosperous world. I know there are those in China and the United States who question whether closer relations between our countries are a good thing. But everything all of us know about the way the world is changing and the challenges your generation will face tells us that our two nations will be far better off working together than apart.
The late Deng Xiaoping counseled us to seek truth from facts. At the dawn of the new century, the facts are clear. The distance between our two nations, indeed, between any nations, is shrinking. Once an American clipper ship took months to cross from China to the United States. Today, technology has made us all virtual neighbors. From laptops to lasers, from microchips to megabytes, an information revolution is lighting the landscape of human knowledge, bringing us all closer together. Ideas, information, and money cross the planet at the stroke of a computer key, bringing with them extraordinary opportunities to create wealth, to prevent and conquer disease, to foster greater understanding among peoples of different histories and different cultures.
But we also know that this greater openness and faster change mean that problems which start beyond one nation's borders can quickly move inside them — the spread of weapons of mass destruction, the threats of organized crime and drug trafficking, of environmental degradation, and severe economic dislocation. No nation can isolate itself from these problems, and no nation can solve them alone. We, especially the younger generations of China and the United States, must make common cause of our common challenges, so that we can, together, shape a new century of brilliant possibilities.
Other ancient cultures failed because they failed to change. China has constantly proven the capacity to change and grow. Now, you must re-imagine China again for a new century, and your generation must be at the heart of China's regeneration.
The new century is upon us. All our sights are turned toward the future. Now your country has known more millennia than the United States has known centuries. Today, however, China is as young as any nation on Earth. This new century can be the dawn of a new China, proud of your ancient greatness, proud of what you are doing, prouder still of the tomorrows to come. It can be a time when the world
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国内都有人对两国之间建立更紧密的关系是否是件好事提出质疑。然而，我们知道这个世界不断发生变化，你们这一代人将面临各种挑战；这一切都向我们昭示中美两国协同合作比相互隔绝要好得多。
已故邓小平先生忠告我们要?实事求是?。在新世纪的曙光初现之时，事实显而易见。中美两国之间的距离，实际上所有国家之间的距离都在缩小。过去，一艘美国快速帆船跨海渡洋从中国到美国要花几个月的时间。今天，现代科技把我们实际上变成了邻居。从便携式电脑到激光，从微型硅片到兆字节，一场信息革命正照耀着人类知识的原野，使我们所有的人靠得更近。思想、信息、金钱随着电脑键盘的敲击从这个星球的一个地方传送到另一个地方，随之给人们带来创造财富、防止和征服疾病的非凡的机遇，并为历史文化迥异的人民之间增进相互理解提供了极佳的机遇。
然而，我们也知道，更大程度的开放以及更加迅速的变化意味着在别的国家产生的问题会跨越国界，在自己的国家迅速蔓延。这些问题包括大规模杀伤性武器的扩散、有组织的犯罪和贩毒、环境恶化的威胁以及严重的经济混乱。这些难题没有一个国家可以幸免，也没有一个国家可以独立解决。我们，特别是中美两国年轻的一代必须联合起来，迎接共同的挑战；这样我们就可以共同塑造一个具有无限可能性的新世纪。
世界上其他古老的文明由于未能适应变化而衰亡了，而中国已多次证明她具有变化和发展的能力。此时此刻，你们一定在为新世纪的中国再度勾画，而你们这一代人必须在中国的复兴中扮演核心的角色。
新世纪在向我们走来，我们所有人的目光都投向未来。贵国迄今所经历的千年比美国经历的百年还要多。可是，今天的中国像地球的任何一个国家一样年轻。新世纪的来临或许伴随着一个崭新中国的开始，为你们古老而伟大的文明而骄傲，为你们推进中的事业而骄傲，更为无尽美好的明天而骄傲。
新世纪或许是这样的时代：全世界再
again looks to China for the vigor of its culture, the freshness of its thinking, the elevation of human dignity that is apparent in its works. It can be a time when the oldest of nations helps to make a new world.
The United States wants to work with you to make that 度凝望中国，探寻中华文化的勃勃生机之所在，探寻中华思想的新颖独创之所在，探寻凸现于泱泱中华文明之中对人的尊严的关注。在这样一个时代，一个最古老的国家将协助建立起一个崭新的世界。
time a reality.
Thank you very much.
60 A Red, Red Rose
0, my luve is like a red, red rose, That's newly sprung in June. 0, my luve is like the melodie, That's sweetly play'd in tune. As fair art thou, my bonnie lass, So deep in luve am I,
And I will luve thee still, my dear, Till a' the seas gang dry.
Till a' the seas gang dry, my dear, And the rocks melt wi' the sun! And I will luve thee still, my dear, While the sands o' life shall run. And fare thee weel, my only luve, And fare thee weel a while! And I will come again, my luve! Tho' it were ten thousand mile!
61 How to Avoid Foolish Opinions
To avoid the various foolish opinions to which mankind is prone, no superhuman genius is required. If the matter is one that can be settled by observation, make the observation yourself. Many matters, however, are less easily brought to the test of experience. If, like most of mankind, you have passionate convictions on many such matters, there are ways in which you can make yourself aware of your own bias. If an opinion contrary to your own makes you angry, that is a sign that you are subconsciously aware of having no good reason for thinking as you do. If someone maintains that two and two are five, or that Iceland is on the equator, you feel pity rather than anger, unless you know so little of arithmetic or geography that his opinion shakes your own contrary
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美国人民愿与你们一起使这样的时代成为现非常感谢!
60 一朵红红的玫瑰
哦，我的爱人，你像一朵红红的玫瑰， 在六月里新近绽放；
哦，我的爱人，你像一支美妙的乐曲， 甜美的曲调婉转悠扬。
你多么美啊，可爱的姑娘 我爱你是那么深切；
我将永远爱你，亲爱的 直到大海枯竭。
直到大海枯竭，亲爱的 直到太阳消熔岩石!
我将永远爱你，亲爱的 只要我生命的沙粒滴漏不止。
再见吧，我唯一的爱人， 再见吧，我们只是小别一下!
我会回来的，我的爱人， 哪怕我远在天涯!
61 如何避免愚蠢的观点
人类要避免容易产生的各种愚蠢的观点，并不需要超人的天才。假如是一个通过观察就可以解决的问题，那你就亲自去观察一下。然而，许多问题通过经验并不容易验证。倘若你跟大多数人一样，对于许多诸如此类的问题坚信不移，以下几种方式可以让你意识到你自己的偏见。如果一个跟你相反的观点让你生气的话，那就表明在潜意识里你明白你那么想并没有充足的理由。有人若是坚持认为二加二等于五或冰岛位于赤道，你会感到怜悯而非愤怒；除非你对算术或地理几乎一无所知，他的观点因此动摇了你相反的信念。最蛮不讲理的论争是双方就某些问题争辩不休，可是都拿不出令人信服的证据。神学中有迫害，算术则没有，这是因为神学只有观点。因此，无论何时，当你发现自己
And it seems to me you lived your life like a candle in the wind: never fading with the sunset when the rain set in.
And your footsteps will always fall here, along England's greenest hills;
Your candle's burned out long before your legend ever will.
Loveliness we've lost; these empty days without your smile.
This torch we'll always carry for our nation's golden 在雨丝飘拂、落日西下时都不会黯然无光。
你的足迹将长留在这里， 陪伴着英格兰的巍巍青山； 你生命的烛光虽已熄灭， 可是你的传奇将永远流传。 失去了可爱的你， 没有了微笑的你，
这些日子里，我们的生活空虚茫然。 child.
And even though we try, the truth brings us to tears;
All our words cannot express the joy you brought us through the years.
Goodbye England's rose, from a country lost without your soul,
Who'll miss the wings of your compassion more than you'll ever know.
生词和词组
grace／greis／n. (常作G—)(罗马神话中)美惠三女神之一
set in：(天气等)开始，到来
loveliness／?????????／n. 亲切和善；秀美动人；可爱
carry a torch for：单恋，害单相思
golden child：有成就且受人喜爱的人，宠儿
soul ／????／n. (常冠以数词或带有情感色彩的形容词)人，家伙
wing／???／n. (天使的)羽翼；庇护(《圣经》和西方神话中天使常长着翅膀)
51 Youth
Youth is not a time of life; it is a state of mind; it is not a matter of rosy cheeks, red lips and supple knees; it is a matter of will, a quality of imagination, a vigor of the emotions; it is the freshness of the deep springs of life.
Youth means a temperamental predominance of courage over timidity, of the appetite for adventure over the love of ease. This often exists in a man of 60 more than a boy of 20. Nobody grows old merely by a number of years. We grow old by deserting our ideals.
Years may wrinkle the skin, but to give up enthusiasm wrinkles the soul. Worry, fear, self-distrust bows the heart and turns the spirit back to dust.
Whether 60 or 16, there is in every human being's heart
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我们将永远热爱你，
你是全国人民心中永远的良伴。 我们努力把悲伤留在眼眶， 可是失去你，
我们只好任泪水流淌不断。 千言万语都难以表达啊，
这些年来，你给我们带来的快乐和欢颜
别了，英格兰的玫瑰， 失去了你，
全国人民心绪茫茫。
我们对你天使般仁爱的怀念， 远远超过你的想象。
51 青 春
青春，不是人生的一个阶段，而是一种心境。青春，不是指粉红的面颊、红润的嘴唇和柔韧的膝盖，而是指坚强的意志、丰富的想像和激越的情感。青春，是生命深处的一泓清泉。
青春，是一种气质：勇猛果敢而不怯懦退缩，渴求冒险而不贪图安逸。一位60岁的老人身上常常散发着这种气息，而在一个20岁的小伙子身上倒未必可寻。没有人会仅仅因为年岁的增长而变得衰老，我们是由于丧失理想才变得衰老。
年岁或许会在皮肤上生出皱纹，而热情不再则会使心灵起皱。忧虑、恐惧、自卑，都会让人心灰意懒，一蹶不振。
无论是60岁还是16岁，每一个人心里都怀有对新奇事物的向往，都会像孩童一样对未来充满永不衰减的憧憬，都能在
the lure of wonder, the unfailing childlike appetite of what's next and the joy of the game of living. In the center of your heart and my heart there is a wireless station: so long as it receives messages of beauty, hope, cheer, courage and power from men and from the infinite, so long as you are young.
When the aerials are down, and your spirit is covered with snows of cynicism and the ice of pessimism, then you are grown old, even at 20, but as long as your aerials are up to catch waves of optimism, there is hope you may die young at 生活的游戏中汲取快乐。在你我的心灵中央都有一座无线电台：只要它接收到其他人和上帝发出的美、希望、快乐、勇气和力量的信息，你就会永葆青春。
当你的天线收拢，当你的心灵覆盖着愤世嫉俗的霜雪和悲观厌世的坚冰，即使你年方20，你也已进入了垂暮之年。然而，只要你的天线张开，接收着乐观向上的电波，那么，你就可以指望，在80岁死去时80. words: 244
52 Pain and Growth
Looking back over my life, it seems to me that I have learned the most when I felt the greatest pain. My mother's death, for example, made me more profoundly aware of the beauty in nature. My capacity for finding joy in the most ordinary events (watching a flower open, leaves turning red, a bird taking a bath) seems to deepen each time I live through great sorrow. Death makes life more precious; frustration makes success more fulfilling, failure makes the next accomplishment more meaningful.
In order to feel deeply it is necessary to feel everything. It is impossible to choose. You can't really know how great is your sense of joy at a baby's birth or your satisfaction at succeeding at a hard job unless you are also deeply aware of the anguish of separation and the pain of failure. It's through the capacity to feel that we discover ourselves and others and explore the potential for a full, significant life.
This is an especially crucial issue for parents. Our natural inclination is to try to protect children from pain. We have the mistaken notion that if a child is happy we are doing a good job; if a child is sad we are failing as parents. But giving children the message that happy is good and sad is terrible decreases their capacity to explore the full range of human experiences.
Children need to understand that suffering, frustration and failure are not only inevitable but helpful. The parent who took a simple puzzle away from a four-year old—because \gets too upset and frustrated when he can't get it right immediately,\—did the child a great disservice. Children need to experience I such feelings as they grow up; it helps them to develop the patience, persistence and ability to cope that they'll need when a scientific experiment fails, or a low grade is received after diligent study. There is nothing so terrible about failing and feeling pain; what hurts in the long run is not trying because of the fear of pain.
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你依然年轻。
52 痛苦与成长
回首往事，我觉得最痛苦的经历似乎给了我最大的启迪。比方说，母亲的去世让我更加深切地体会到大自然的美好。每经受一次大的痛苦，我在寻常事物中发现愉悦的能力(观赏花儿开放，叶儿变红，鸟儿沐浴)就增加一分。死亡使得生命格外珍贵；挫折使得成功更加完满；失败使得下一次成就更有意义。
要想感受深切，就须感受一切；有所选择地感受是不可能的。你没有深切体会到分娩的阵痛，又哪能真正领悟到新生命诞生的巨大喜悦?你没有深切体会到失败的痛楚，又哪能真正领悟到成功完成一项艰巨工作之后的满足?我们在感受之中发现自己和他人，探索完满而有意义的生活的可能性。
这尤其是父母面临的一个严峻问题。做家长的总是情不自禁地竭力避免让孩子受苦。我们错误地认为，只要孩子幸福，家长就算尽了职，而孩子不幸家长就是失了职。但是，让孩子感知幸福即好、不幸即糟这一讯息，则削弱了他们全面发掘人生经验的能力。
孩子们应该懂得，痛苦、挫折和失败非但不可避免，而且非常有益。父母拿走四岁孩子手中的智力玩具，唯恐?他一时做不好就会灰心丧气?，这无异于害了孩子。孩子们在成长过程中需要这样的情感经历，这种情感经历有助于培养孩子的耐心、毅力和能力，让他们将来在科学实验失败的时候，在经过努力学习仍取得低分的时候，都能够处之泰然。失败和痛苦并不十分可怕；归根结底，真正有害的是因为惧怕痛苦而拒绝尝试。
生词和词组
profoundly／pro'handli／adv．深刻地；深奥地 frustration／frAs~treUan／n. 挫折，失败 accomplishment／a'kompli／mont／n. 成就；完成 anguish／'moguU／n，痛苦；烦恼
potential／pa'tenJal／g. 潜在力；可能性 crucial／'kru：丁all adj．严酷的；紧要的 inclination／,inkli'neiJ'an／n. 倾向；嗜好
inevitable／iWevitabl／adj．不可避免的，必然的
53 四大自由
在未来岁月里，我们要努力寻求安定与和平，我们期待在人类四项基本自由基础之上建立一个崭新的世界。
第一是人们都应享有言论自由——在世界的所有地区均不例外。
第二是人们都应享有以自己的方式崇拜上帝的自由——在世界的所有地区均不 disservice／distsa：vis／n. 伤害，危害 persistence／pa'sistans／n. 坚持；持久
53 Four Freedoms
In the future days, which we seek to make secure, we look forward to a world founded upon four essential human freedoms.
The first is freedom of speech and expression — everywhere in the world.
The second is freedom of every person to worship God in his own way—everywhere in the world.
The third is freedom from want—which, translated into world terms, means economic understandings which will secure to every nation a healthy peace time life for its inhabitants—everywhere in the world.
The forth is freedom from fear—which, translated into world terms, means a world-wide reduction of armaments to such a point and in such a thorough fashion that no nation will be in a position to commit an act of physical aggression against any neighbor—anywhere in the world.
That is no vision of a distant millennium. It is a definite basis for a kind of world attainable in our own time and generation. That kind of world is the very antithesis of the so-called new order of tyranny which the dictators seek to create with the crash of a bomb.
Since the beginning of our American history we have been engaged in change —in a perpetual peaceful revolution—a revolution which goes on steadily, quietly adjusting itself to changing conditions—without the concentration camp or the quicklime in the ditch. The world order which we seek is the cooperation of free countries, working together in a friendly, civilized society.
This nation has placed its destiny in the hands and heads and hearts of its millions of free men and women; and its faith in freedom under the guidance of God. Freedom means the supremacy of human rights everywhere. Our support goes to those who struggle to gain those rights or keep them. Our
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例外。
第三是人们都应享有不虞匮乏的自由——这种自由，就世界各国而言，就是建立一种经济上的互谅互让关系，从而保证每一个国家的人民都能过上富足、和平的生活——在世界的所有地区均不例外。
第四是人们都应享有免于恐惧的自由——这种自由，就世界各国而言，就是在世界范围内彻底裁减军备，直至任何一个国家都没有能力向邻国发动武装侵略——在世界的任何一个地区均不例外。
这绝不是对遥远未来的幻想。在我们这个时代，我们这代人就可以在这一实实在在的基础之上建立起一个新的世界。这个世界是与独裁者们想用炸弹炸出来的所谓暴政新秩序截然相反的。
自美国有史以来，我们一直致力于变革。这是一种从未间断的和平革命，一种扎实渐进的革命，悄然地进行调整，以适应变化多端的形势，没有集中营，也没有万人坑。我们所追求的世界新秩序是自由国家之间的合作，是自由国家在一个友好、文明的世界里同心协力，共同努力。
我们的国家已经将它的命运交到她千百万自由男女的手里、脑里和心里。她已将她对于自由的信仰交由上帝指引。 自由意味着在任何地方，人权高于一切。我们支持一切为争取、捍卫这种权利而斗争的人们。我们的力量就在于我们目标一致。
为了实现这一崇高的信念，我们不获全胜，绝不罢休。
( Franklin Roosevelt,
1882—1945) 32th president of the United States)
strength is in our unity of purpose.
To that high concept there can be no end save victory.
54 Knowing the Consequences of Choice (I)
Over the past Spring Festival, I got involved in a family dispute. Right before I got home, four satellite channels of CCTV were added to the 14 channels we had already had. In prime time at night, they all had interesting shows. Therefore, the five of us—my parents, my sisters and I —had to argue over what to watch. Finally, we agreed that we should watch the \most interesting\programme—if we could agree what that was.
However, all of us there remember that for a long time after we had TV, there were only one or two channels available. The increase in options reveal an important change in our life: the abundance of choice.
Fifteen years ago, we all dressed in one style and in one colour. Today, we select from a wide variety of designs and shades.
Fifteen years ago, we read few newspapers. Today, we read English newspapers like the China Daily and the 21st Century, as well as various Chinese newspapers.
Fifteen years ago, English majors took only courses in language and literature. Today, we also study Western culture, journalism, business communications, international relations, and computer science.
The emergence of choices marks the beginning of a new era in China's history, an era of diversity, of material and cultural richness, and an era of the rebirth of the Chinese nation.
We enjoy the abundance of choice. But this has not come easily.
About 150 years ago, China was forced to open up its door by Western cannons and gunboats. It has been through the struggle and sacrifice of generations that we finally have gained the opportunity to choose for ourselves. The policy of reform and openness is the choice that has made all the difference.
Like others of my age, I'm too young to have experienced the time when the Chinese people had no right to choose. However, as the next century draws near, it is time to ask: What does choice really mean to us young people?
Is choice a game that relies on chance or luck? Is choice an empty promise that never materializes? Or is choice a puzzle so difficult that we have to avoid it?
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54 选择的重要性(一)
去年春节，我陷入过一场家庭纷争。在我回家之前，我们家的电视除了已有的十四个频道外又增加了四个卫星频道。晚上的黄金时间，每个频道的节目都很精彩，结果，我们一家五口(父母，两个姐姐和我)为了选台而争执起来。最后，我们决定应当看?最有意思?的节目——如果我们在什么是?最有意思?上可以达成共识的话。
不过我们全都清楚地记得，买了电视后的好长一段时间里，只有一两个频道可供选择。电视频道的增多反映出我们生活中的一个重大变化：选择余地的扩大。
十五年前，我们身着同样的款式，单一的色调。而如今，纷繁的花色和众多的式样让我们挑得眼花缭乱。
十五年前，我们几乎无报可读。而如今，除了大大小小的中文报纸，我们还读上了《中国日报》、《二十一世纪报》这样的英文报纸。
十五年前，英语专业的学生只能选修语言与文学课程。而如今，我们还学习西方文化、新闻、商务、国际关系，甚至还有计算机课程。
选择的涌现标志着中国进入了一个崭新的时代，一个充满多样化的时代，一个物质和精神都愈加丰富的时代，一个中华民族获得新生的时代。
我们为选择之多而欢呼雀跃，同时也深深地感到这一切来之不易。
一个半世纪之前，在西方大炮、战舰的威逼下，中国被迫打开了国门。经过祖祖辈辈的抗争与牺牲，我们才最终赢得了当家作主的机会。改革开放这个正确的抉择使一切发生了翻天覆地的变化。
我和其他同龄人一样，太年轻了，没有经历过丧失选择权的岁月。但是，随着下个世纪的脚步越走越近，我们是该扪心自问了：选择，对于我们青年一代，到底意味着什么?
选择，是场靠侥幸来获胜的游戏吗?是句不用兑现的空话吗?抑或是种让人知难而退的困境?
55 Knowing the Consequences of Choice (2)
First, I would like to say: To choose means to claim opportunities.
I am a third-year English major. An important choice for me, of course, is what to do upon graduation. I can go to graduate school, at home or abroad. I can go to work as a teacher, a translator, a journalist, an editor and a diplomat. Actually, the system of mutual selection has allowed me to approach almost every career opportunity in China.
All of these sound good. But they are only possibilities. To those of us who are bewildered at the abundance of opportunities, I would like to say: To choose means to accept challenge.
To us young people, challenge often emerges in the form of competition. In the next century, competition will not only come from other college graduates, but also from people of all ages and of all origins.
With increasing international exchanges, we have to face growing competition from the whole outside world. This is calling for a higher level of our personal development.
Fifteen years ago, the knowledge of a foreign language or of computer operation was considered merely an advantage. But today, with wider educational opportunities, this same knowledge has become essential to everyone.
As we gain more initiative in choice making, the consequence of each choice also becomes more important.
Nuclear power, for instance, may improve our quality of life. But it can also be used to damage the lives and possessions of millions. Economic development has enriched our lives but brought with it serious harm to our air, water and health. To those of us who are blind to the consequences of their choices, I would like to say: To choose means to take responsibility. As policy makers of the next century, we cannot fail to see our responsibility to those who share the earth with us.
The traditional Chinese culture teaches us to study hard and to work hard so as to honor our family. To me, however, this family is not just the five of us who quarreled over television programmes. Rather, it is the whole of the human family. As I am making my choices, I will not forget the smile of my teacher when I correctly spelled out the word \for the first time. I will not forget the tearful eyes of women and children in Bosnia, Chechen and Somali, where millions
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55 选择的重要性(二)
首先，我认为，选择意味着抓住机遇。 我是英语专业三年级学生，我所面临的一个重大选择当然是毕业后的去向。我可以攻读硕士学位，或在国内，或在国外。我可以走上工作岗位，做名教师、翻译、记者、编辑或外交家。实际上，双向选择的体制在我面前铺开了通向各行各业的大道。
所有这一切听上去令人振奋，但它们毕竟只是可能性。有些人面对五花八门的选择挑得眼花缭乱，我要告诉他们：选择就意味着接受挑战。
对于我们青年一代，挑战常以竞争的形式出现。到下个世纪，竞争者将不仅只是其他大学毕业生，更有各行各业不同年龄层的人们。
随着国际交流的不断增多，我们得面对来自整个外部世界日益激烈的竞争，这就对我们个人的发展提出了更高的要求。
十五年前，懂一门外语或会用计算机是个优越条件。但今天，随着受教育面的拓宽，以上的知识也成了每个人必备的条件。
当我们面对选择不断增强自己的主动性时，每一次选择的结果也同样变得愈加重要。
比方说，核能可以提高人民的生活水平，可它同样也能毁灭千万人的生命财产。经济的发展使我们富裕起来，却也给我们的空气、水和健康带来了严重危害。有些人对选择的后果毫不在乎，我要对他们说：选择还意味着承担责任。作为下个世纪的决策者，我们必须承担对和我们共同拥有这个地球的人们所负的责任。
传统的中华文化教育我们，要勤奋学习，努力工作，以荣耀家门。然而我认为，这个家门并不只指诸如我的那个争看电视的五口小家。更确切地说，它指的是整个人类这个大家庭。当我为自己的未来做出选择时，我不会忘记自己第一次正确读出?China”这个单词时老师脸上的笑容。我更不会忘记饱受战火、饥荒、贫困蹂躏的波斯尼亚、车臣、索马里，不会忘记那里成千上万的妇女儿童泪水模糊的双眼。
所有这些我认识或不认识的人们组成
gratitude to all the men and women who have made such sacrifices and given us what would otherwise have been impossible to attain.
The resumption of sovereignty over Hong Kong under \The eyes of the world are on us, as Hong Kong accepts the great honor, and the challenge, of charting new waters which will make history. I am confident that we will rise to the challenge and build a brighter and better future. Our confidence is well founded. Our conviction is based on the intellect and vision of a great patriot and statesman; on the solemn commitment of a great nation; and on the wisdom, industry and versatility of the Hong Kong people, a legacy from our heritage and culture. Above all, we, as one nation and one people, will implement the \one country, two systems\it work.. words: 433
39 Inaugural Speech by HKSAR Chief Executive Tung Chee-hwa{2}
Through a solemn act of law, the Central People's Government has granted Hong Kong a high degree of autonomy, unparalleled anywhere in the world. We value this empowerment, and we will exercise our powers prudently and responsibly. We are embarking on a new era. With the respect and trust from the entire nation, we will be much more equipped to sail forward with confidence and with conviction. We will play a part in facilitating the reunification of the entire nation, and bringing a better life to all in the nation.
For the first time in history, we, the people of Hong Kong, will be master of our own destiny. The Special Administrative Region Government is fully committed to preserving the Hong Kong way of life, maintaining Hong Kong's free and open economic system, upholding the rule of law, and building a more democratic society. We will be compassionate to those in need, and we will maintain Hong Kong as a vibrant and international city.
The nation and the people have entrusted to me the responsibility as Chief Executive of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China. As I stand here at this historic moment, a moment of great honor and pride, I am mindful of the enormous responsibilities which lie ahead. Throughout my life, I have experienced the joy and satisfaction of success and the pain and frustration of failure. I understand the hopes and aspirations of Hong Kong
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位爱国者和政治家的睿智和远见；不仅是因为这是一个伟大国家的庄严承诺；也不仅是由于香港同胞秉承了中华民族的智慧、勤劳和特有的适应能力。最重要的是：?一国两制?的事业完全掌握在我们中国人自己手里。
39香港特别行政区行政长官董建华就职演说(二)
国家以严肃的法律形式，授予了香港举世无双的高度自治权。我们非常珍惜这权力，我们会负责任地运用这权力。香港新时代的巨轮，此刻在祖国尊重香港人、相信香港人、爱护香港人的旭日辉映下，满怀信心，升锚启航，向着振兴中华，祖国统一的宏伟目标乘风奋进。
香港人在历史上第一次以明确的身份主宰自己的命运。香港特别行政区政府将竭尽全力，保持香港一贯的生活方式，维持香港的自由经济体系，坚守法治精神，发展民主，建立富于爱心的社会，确保国际大都会的活力。
本人受国家和人民重托，出任中华人民共和国香港特别行政区首任行政长官。在这个历史时刻，我感到无上光荣，更感到责任重大。我亲身体会过创业的艰辛和成功的欢愉；我清楚地知道香港人的需要和期望。同时我更深信同心协力的重要。我将以忠诚的心志，坚决执行法律赋予香港高度自治的神圣责任，带领650万富于创业精神的香港市民，坚定地按照?一个国家，两种制度?的道路向前进。
我坚信，香港回归祖国，实行?一国两制?，前途必定更加辉煌。
people. I am fully aware of the power in unity of purpose and direction. I will resolutely uphold the principles of autonomy as set forth under the Basic Law. I will carry out my duties with honesty, sincerity and determination. I will lead the 6. 5 million people of Hong Kong, along with our indomitable spirit, towards the future. As part of China, we will move forward as one inseparable nation with two distinct systems.
I firmly believe, as a Special Administrative Region of China, the future of Hong Kong will be more glorious and
40喷 泉
射入日光， 晶辉弥满， more successful. Words: 349
40 The Fountain
Into the sunshine, Full of the light, Leaping and flashing From mom till night! Into the moonlight, Whiter than snow, Waving so flower-like When the winds blow! Into the starlight, Rushing in spray, Happy at midnight, Happy by day. Ever in motion,
Blithesome and cheery till climbing heavenward, Never weary;
Glad of all weathers, Still seeming best, Upward or downward Motion thy rest; Full of a nature Nothing can tame, Changed every moment, Ever the same; Ceaseless aspiring, Ceaseless content, Darkness or sunshine Thy element;
Glorious fountain! Let my heart be
Fresh, changeful, constant, Upward like thee!
跳跃闪烁， 从早至晚! 射入月光， 纯白逾雪 如彼花开， 随风波屈 射入星光， 飞进如霞。 夜半欣然。 昼亦欣然。 常在动中， 载愉载恬， 永欲摩天， 不知疲倦； 不分晴雨， 总觉欢乐， 颉之颃之， 动中休息。 精力充沛，不屈不挠， 刻刻变化， 不改其操； 不断亢扬， 不断满足， 无昼无夜， 一元太极； 灿哉喷泉， 我心榜样， 新颖多变， 永恒向上!
(郭沫若)
41 主动的玩乐还是被动的消遣? 人们的每天的生存状态可以一分为二，像白天和黑夜那样清晰可辨。我们将之称为工作和娱乐。每天，我们在工作上花费许多小时，再把花在诸如吃饭、购物等必不可少、无法再减的活动的时间扣除，我们把花在其他活动的剩余时间归在娱乐范围。娱乐这个词相当雅致。但掩饰了这样一个事实：即使在休闲的时光中，我们通常并没有玩乐，而是在进行各种各样被动的享乐或娱乐——不是踢足球而只是看足球比赛，不是登台演出而是看人演戏，不是散步行走而是搭乘汽车。
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41 Active Play or Passive Entertainment?
Our diurnal existence is divided into two phases, as distinct as day and night. We call them work and play. We work so many hours a day. And, when we have allowed the necessary minimum for such activities as eating and shopping, the rest we spend in various activities which are known as recreations, an elegant word which disguises the fact that we usually do not even play in our hours of leisure, but spend them in various forms of passive enjoyment or entertainment—not playing football but watching football matches; not acting but theatre-going; not walking but riding in a motor coach.
We need to make, therefore, a hard-and-fast distinction not only between work and play but equally between active play and passive entertainment. It is, I suppose, the decline of active play—of amateur sport—and the enormous growth of purely receptive entertainment which has given rise to a sociological interest in the problem. If the greater part of the population, instead of indulging in sport, spend their hours of leisure viewing television programmes, there will inevitably be a decline in health and physique.
We have to live art if we would be affected by art. We have to paint rather than look at paintings, to play instruments rather than go to concerts, to dance and sing and act ourselves, engaging all our senses in the ritual and discipline of the arts. Then something may begin to happen to us: to work upon our bodies and soul.
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42 Collecting—a Serious Hobby
People tend to amass possessions, sometimes without being aware of doing so. Indeed they can have a delightful surprise when they find something useful which they did not know they owned. Those who never have to change house become indiscriminate collectors of what can only be described as clutter. They leave unwanted objects in drawers, cupboards and attics for years, in the belief that they may one day need just those very things.
Collecting as a serious hobby is quite different and has many advantages. It provides relaxation for leisure hours, as just looking at one's treasures is always a joy. One does not have to go outside for amusement, since the collection is housed at home. Whatever it consists of, stamps, records, first
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因此，我们需要不仅对工作和娱乐做出严格的区别，而且要同样严格地区分主动的玩乐和被动的消遣。在我看来，正是由于主动的玩乐——业余体育运动衰退和纯粹接受性消遣的疯狂膨胀，导致了社会学家对这一问题的关注。假如人口的大多数不是参加体育活动，而是把闲暇时光花在?看?电视节目上，人们的健康和体质都会不可避免地下降。
如果我们希望受到艺术的熏陶，我们就应当艺术地生活。不是去欣赏油画，我们自己应当去作画；不是去听音乐会，我们自己应当去演奏乐器，去跳舞，去唱歌，去演戏，让我们的感官受各个艺术门类的规矩和训练。随后，某种变化就会出现，对我们的身心都会发生影响。
42 收藏——一种正式的爱好
人们常常积聚物品，有时候连自己都意识不到：发现某件属于自己而自己却不知道的有用物品，人们的确会又惊又喜。那些从不搬家的人收藏的物品杂乱不堪，只能用?凌乱?去形容。他们把不用的东西放在抽屉、橱柜、阁楼中好多年，相信总有一天他们需要的可能正是这些东西。
收藏作为一种正式爱好就相当不同了，它有许多优点。收藏可以为闲暇时光提供消遣，就像端详自己财宝总是一件乐事一样。收藏品就放在家里，你不必走出家门寻找消遣。无论你收藏什么——邮票、唱片、首版图书、瓷器、玻璃制品、旧式家具、照片、汽车样品、鸟类标本、动物玩具，总有相关的事情可做，从为最新的藏品找一个合适的放臵处所到在参考书上核实情况。这种爱好不仅在选择的特定领
editions of books, china, glass, antique furniture, pictures, model cars, stuffed birds, toy animals, there is always something to do in connection with it, from finding the right place for the lastest addition to verifying facts in reference books. This hobby educates one not only in the chosen subject, but also in general matters which have some bearing on it.
There are also other benefits. One wants to meet like-minded collectors, to get advice, to
compare notes, to exchange articles, to show off the latest 域、而且在与之相关的广泛领域都可以给人以教益。
收藏有其他好处。你会希望与志趣相投的收藏家见面，以获取建议、比较笔记、互换藏品、炫耀最新的藏品。你朋友的圈子就这样扩大了。不久，你还会因为这个爱好而出外旅行。也许是去另一个城市参加一次会议，也许是为寻找一个罕见的珍品而到国外旅行。收藏家们是不会局限于任何一个国家的。许多年之后，你成为你find.
So one's circle of friends grows. Soon the hobby leads to travel, perhaps to a meeting in another town, possibly a trip abroad in search of a rare specimen, for collectors are not confined to any one country. Over the years one may well become an authority on one's hobby and will very probably be asked to give informal talks to little gatherings and then, if successful, to larger audiences. In this way self-confidence grows, first from mastering a subject, then from being able to talk about it. Collecting, by occupying spare time so constructively, makes a person contented, with no time for boredom.
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43 On Idleness
There are some that profess Idleness in its full dignity, who call themselves the Idle, who boast that they do nothing, and thank their stars that they have nothing to do; who sleep every night till they can sleep no longer, and rise only that exercise may enable them to sleep again; who prolong the reign of darkness by double curtains, and never see the sun but to \is to vary the postures of indulgence, and whose day differs from their night but as a couch or chair differs from a bed.
These are the true and open votaries of Idleness, for whom she weaves the garlands of poppies, and into whose cup she pours the waters of oblivion; who exist in a state of unruffled stupidity, forgetting and forgotten; who have long ceased to live, and at whose death the survivors can only say that they have ceased to breathe.
But Idleness predominates in many lives where it is not suspected; for being a vice which terminates in itself, it may be enjoyed without injury to others; and is therefore not watched like Fraud, which endangers property, or like Pride,
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的爱好这一领域的权威是不会令人吃惊的，你很有可能应邀给一小群人作非正式的报告；如果还成功的话，听众还会扩大。你首先对某一领域了如指掌，而后能够就其话题侃侃而谈，你的自信心就这样逐渐增强。通过富有成效地占用你的业余时间，收藏会使人充实，不给人留下无聊乏味的时光。
43 说 懒 散
有些人声称懒散高雅之至，自命?懒散之士?。他们以无所事事自炫于众，感谢命运之星让他们无事可做。每晚，他们昏睡到无法再睡为止，起床也是为了再次入眠。他们蒙上双重幕帘以延伸黑暗的主宰；每次见到太阳都会?告诫他他们对阳光深恶痛绝。?他们所做的一切就是变换一下沉昏的体态。对于他们来说，白昼与黑夜的区别只不过相当于沙发与床具的差异。
这些人是闲散女神公开的真正的崇拜者。闲散女神为他们佩戴罂粟的花环，在他们的杯子里倾倒忘却之水。他们因而浑浑噩噩，度日穷年，忘却了他人也被他人所忘却。他们早就停止了生活，他们死去时，活着的人只会说他们不再呼息。
然而，懒散主宰了许多人的生活，而不为人所觉察。这种恶习仅作用于耽于其中者自己，而无损于他人，因而人们对懒散不像对诈骗和骄傲那样保持警惕。诈骗会危及他人财产；骄傲自然而然地在他人的自卑中寻求满足。而懒散不显山不露水，既不会由于炫耀而招致嫉妒，也不会因为对抗而遭人憎恨。正因如此，没有人起而指责它，憎恶它。
对于其他一些人来说，懒散还有另一
which naturally seeks its gratifications in another's inferiority. Idleness is a silent and peaceful quality, that neither raises envy by ostentation, nor hatred by opposition; and therefore nobody is busy to censure or detest it.
There are others to whom Idleness dictates another expedient, by which life may be passed unprofitably away without the tediousness of many vacant hours. The art is, to fill the day with petty business, to have always something in hand which may raise curiosity, but not solicitude, and keep 种表现形式。时光纵然白白流逝，而他们并没有因为许多小时没有做什么而感到无聊乏味。其办法就是一天到晚忙于琐事，手边总有的事或许会激发起好奇心，却不会让他们牵肠挂肚；大脑总是动个不停，却不会让他们劳神伤思。
没有人像懒散的人那样容易服理认错，但也没有人像懒散的人那样知错不改。这篇短文能起到什么作用，我不知道。也the mind in a state of action, but not of labor.
No man is so much open to conviction as the idler, but there is none on whom it operates so little. What will be the effect of this paper I know not: perhaps he will read it and laugh, and light the fire in his furnace; but my hope is that he will quit his trifles, and betake himself to rational and useful diligence.
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44 Time Spent in a Bookshop
Time spent in a bookshop can be most enjoyable, whether you are a book-lover or merely you are there to buy a book as a present. You may even have entered the shop just to find shelter from a sudden shower. Whatever the reason, you can soon become totally unaware of your surroundings. The desire to pick up a book with an attractive dust jacket is irresistable, although this method of selection ought not to be followed, as you might end up with a rather dull book. You soon become engrossed in some book or other, and usually it is only much later that you realize you have spent far too much time there and must dash off to keep some forgotten appointment - without buying a book, of course.
This opportunity to escape the realities of everyday life is, I think, the main attraction of a bookshop. There are not many places where it is possible to do this. You can wander round such places to your heart's content. If it is a good shop, no assistant will approach you with inevitable greeting,\help you, sir?\bookshop an assistant should remain in the background until you have finished browsing. Then, and only then, are his services necessary. Of course you may want to find out where a particular section is, but when he has led you there, the assistant should retire carefully and look as if he is not interested in selling a single book.
You have to be careful not to be attracted by the variety
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许他读了会一笑臵之，又去生他的炉子。不过，我希望他不要再忙于琐事，而应理智地、勤勉地做些有用的事。
44书店里消磨的时光
无论你是爱书的人或是仅仅想买一本书作为礼品，在书店里度过的时光或许是最令人愉快的。你甚至可能仅仅因为天突然下起大雨为寻找避雨处而走进书店。不管由于什么原因，不一会儿，你就会全然忘却周围的环境。挑一本护封吸引人的书，这种欲望不可抗拒。这种挑选方式是不可取的，因为或许你最终挑选的只不过是一本枯燥无味的书。你很快就沉浸在某一本书之中，通常要在好长时间之后你才意识到在书店呆得太久了，得赶紧去赴一个已被忘却的约会——当然，书是没买成。
我想，利用这样的机会逃避庸常的现实生活是书店的主要吸引人之处。能够这样做的地方并不太多。在这样的场所，你可以尽兴地逛来逛去。如果这是一家好书店，不会有店员向你走过来，老一套地问候一句：?先生，能为您效劳吗??你不必买你不想要的东西。书店里的店员应该呆在幕后，直等你浏览完毕再出来。到那时候——只有到那时候——他的服务才是必需的。当然你可能想知道某一个特定的分部在哪儿；但是他一旦把你领到那儿，就应当小心翼翼地退出，似乎他不屑于推销任何一本书。
面对书店各色各样的图书的吸引，你得格外小心。你很可能会走进一家书店，本想寻觅一本古钱币方面的书，可出来时却拿着一本最新的畅销小说。这种事可能是非常危险的。除了结帐数额惊人之外，
of books in a bookshop. It is very easy to enter the shop looking for a book on ancient coins and to come out carrying a copy of the latest best-selling novel. This sort of thing can be very dangerous. Apart from running up a huge account, you can waste a great deal of time wandering from section to section.
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45 Only a Madman Would Live in a City
\从一个分部逛到另一分部还要花掉你大量的时间。
45只有疯子才愿意住在城市里
?避免在高峰时间上街?肯定是世界各地大城市的口号。无论你朝哪儿看到处都是人，人，人。每隔几分钟开走或抵达的地铁车厢里塞得满满的，就像没完没了的载人沙丁鱼罐头。大街上拥挤不堪，人the world over. Wherever you look it's people, people, people. The trains which leave or arrive every few minutes are packed: an endless procession of human sardine tins. The streets are so crowded, and there is hardly any room to move on the pavements. The queues for buses reach staggering proportions. It takes ages for a bus to get to you because the traffic on the roads has virtually come to a standstill.
Large modem cities are too big to control. They impose their own living conditions on the people who inhabit them. City-dwellers are obliged by their environment to adopt a wholly unnatural way of life. They lose touch with the land and rhythm of nature. It is possible to live such an air-conditioned existence in a large city that you are barely conscious of the seasons. A few flowers in a public park may remind you that it is spring or summer. A few leaves clinging to the pavement may remind you that it is autumn. Beyond that, what is going on in nature seems totally irrelevant. All the simple, good things of life like sunshine and fresh air are at a premium. Tall buildings blot out the sun. Traffic fumes pollute the atmosphere. Even the distinction between day and night is lost. The flow of traffic goes on unceasingly and the noise never stops.
The funny thing about it all is that you pay dearly for the \is so great that it is often impossible for ordinary people to buy a house of their own. Exorbitant rents must be paid for tiny flats which even country hens would disdain to live in. Accommodation apart, the cost of living is very high. Just about everything you buy is likely to be more expensive than it would be in the country.
In addition to all this, city-dwellers live under constant threat. The crime rate in most cities is very high. Houses are burgled with alarming frequency. Cities breed crime and violence and are full of places you would be afraid to visit at night. If you think about it, only a madman would choose to live in a large modem city. 390
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行道上几乎没有挪动的空间，等公共汽车的队伍长得令人吃惊。等到一辆公共汽车要花很长很长的时间，因为公路上的交通实际上已陷于停顿。
现代大城市太大了，简直失控了。大城市将自己的生活条件强加给在那儿居住的市民，这些城市居民由于环境所迫，过着极不自然的生活。他们跟大地和大自然的节奏失去了联系。在大城市，生活在空调的环境里，你几乎感觉不到季节的交替。公园里的几株花或许会提醒你春天或夏天到了，落在人行道上的几片树叶或许会提醒你已是秋天。除此之外，大自然的进程似乎与你毫不相干，生命中的一切质朴、美好的东西，例如阳光和新鲜空气，都成了稀罕之物。高楼大厦挡住了太阳。汽车尾气污染了空气。就连白天和夜晚的区别也没有了。车流永无间断，噪声永不停歇。
这一切最滑稽的还是，为了获得居住在城市的?特权?，你要付出昂贵的代价。由于住房的需求非常大，普通人常常不可能买到真正属于自己的住房。就连乡下的鸡都不屑居住的小套间，也要付高昂的租金。撇开住房不谈，生活开支也很高。你购买的几乎一切东西都可能比乡下贵。
除此之外，城市居民还生活在在持续不断的威胁之中。大多数城市的犯罪率很高。盗贼以令人惊异的频率登堂入室。城市滋生着罪恶和暴力，夜晚你不敢去的地方数不胜数。你只要认真想一想就会明白，只有疯子才会选择居住在现代化的大城市里。
46 Living a Long Life
In the Caucasus region of Russia, nearly 50 out of every 100,000 people live to celebrate their 100th birthday, and many don't stop at 1001 By comparison, in America only 3 people in 100, 000 reach 100. But these Russian old people aren't alone. The Pakistanis, who live high in the Himalaya Mountains, and the Ecuadorans of the Andes Mountains seem to share the secret of long life, too.
These people remain healthy in body and spirit despite the passage of time. While many older persons in industrial societies become weak and ill in their 60s and 70s, some Caucasians aged 100 to 140, work in the fields beside their great-great-grandchildren. Even the idea of aging is foreign to them. When asked \what age does youth end?\most of these old people had no answer. Several replied,\Well, perhaps at age 80.\
What accounts for this ability to survive to such old age, and to survive so well? First of all, hard physical work is a way of life for all of these long-lived people. They begin their long days of physical labor as children and never seem to stop. For example, Mr. Rustam Mamedov is 142 years of age. His wife is 116 years old. They have been married for 90 years. Mr. Mamedov has no intentions of retiring from his life as a farmer. \
All these people get healthful rewards from the en-vironment in which they work. They all come from mountainous regions. They live and work at elevations of 1,660 to 4,000 meters above sea level. The air has less oxygen and is pollution-free. This reduced-oxygen environment makes the heart and blood vessel system stronger.
Another factor that may contribute to the good health of these people is their isolation. To a great extent, they are separated from the pressures and worries of industrial society.
Inherited factors also play some role. Most of the longest-lived people had parents and grandparents who also reached very old ages. Good family genes may, therefore, be one factor in living longer.
It is clear that isolation from urban pressures and pollution, clean mountain air, daily hard work, moderate diets, good genes, and a youthful approach to life all contribute to the health and long life of all these people. 391
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46长 寿
在俄罗斯的高加索地区，每10万人中就有近50人活到庆贺他们的百岁生日，而且还有许多人活到不止一百岁!与此相比，在美国，每10万人中只有3人活到一百岁。〃但是这些俄罗斯老人并不是世上仅有的。生活在喜马拉雅高山地区的巴基斯坦人以及生活在安第斯山中的厄瓜多尔人似乎也有长寿之秘诀。
任凭时光流逝，这些人总是保持着身心的健康。生活在工业社会的许多老人在六七十岁的时候就变得体弱多病；而一些高尔索人，年龄在一百到一百四十岁，还在跟他们曾孙儿们一道在地里干活。对他们来说，甚至人在变老这种想法也是陌生的。当有人间道：?人在多大岁数才算青春结束??这些老人多数回答不上来。有几个人回答说：?哦，大概八十岁吧。?
究竟是什么原因使得这些人能活到这么大岁数而且活得这么健康呢?首先，艰苦的体力劳动是所有这些长寿老人的生活方式。他们从小就开始干活，长期从事体力劳动，似平从没间断过。就像拉斯答姆〃麦尔多夫先生，今年已经一百四十二岁了，他的妻子一百一十六岁。他们已经结婚九十年。麦尔多夫先生还没打算离开农活。?为什么要离开呢?我还能干别的活吗??他问道。
所有这些人都从他们的劳动环境中获得了健康上的回报。他们都出生在山区。生活和劳动在海拔1，600至4，000米高的山上。空气中氧气较少，而且没有污染。这种缺氧环境使得心脏和血管系统更强化了。
可能对这些人的健康有益的另一个因素是他们的与世隔绝。他们在很大程度上远离了工业社会的压力和担忧。
遗传因素也起着某种作用。大多数长寿者的父母和祖父母也活到很大的年龄。因此，好的家族基因也可能是长寿的一个因素。
很显然，远离城市的压力和污染，洁净的山区空气，艰苦的日常劳作，有节制的饭食，好的遗传基因，以及永葆青春的生活态度，所有这些都有助于这些人的健康和长寿。
47 Bill Gates' Tips on the Makings of a Good Manager ( I )
There isn't a magic formula for good management, of course, but if you're a manager, perhaps these tips will help 47比尔〃盖茨谈一名优秀管理人员的素质
良好的管理并没有点石成金的准则。然而，假如你是一名管理人员，这些忠告或许可以帮助你提高效率。
一、深思熟虑后选择一个领域。 它必须是你乐于从事的，因为没有真正的热情，工作就难以富有成效。无论你是管理人员，还是雇员，这一点均适用。
二、挑选雇员要精精心，解雇人员要you be more effective.
1. Choose a field thoughtfully. Make it one you enjoy. It's hard to be productive without genuine enthusiasm. This is true whether you're a manager or an employee.
2. Hire carefully and be willing to fire. You need a strong team, because a mediocre team gives mediocre results, no matter how well managed it is. One common mistake is holding onto somebody who doesn't quite measure up. It's easy to keep this person on the job because he's not terrible at what he does. But a good manager will replace him or move him to a set of responsibilities where he can succeed unambiguously.
3. Create a productive environment. This is a particular challenge because it requires different approaches depending on the context. Sometimes you maximize productivity by giving everybody his or her own office. Sometimes you achieve it by moving everybody into open space. Sometimes you use financial incentives to stimulate productivity. A combination of approaches is usually required. When I was building Microsoft, I set out to create an environment where software developers could thrive. I wanted a company where engineers liked to work. I wanted to create a culture that encouraged them to work together, share ideas and remain highly motivated.
4. Define success. Make it clear to your employees what constitutes success and how they should measure their achievements. Goals must be realistic. Project schedules, for example, must be set by the people who do the work. People will accept a \be cynical about a schedule imposed from the top that doesn't map to reality. Unachievable goals undermine an organization.
5. To be a good manager, you have to like people and be good at communicating. This is hard to fake. If you don't genuinely enjoy interacting with people, it'll be hard to manage them well. At my company, in addition to regular team meetings and one-on-one sessions between managers and employees, we use mass gatherings periodically and
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果断。 你需要一个强有力的工作班子。无论管理多么井然有序，平庸的团队只会有平庸的成果。对于一个不太称职的人，人们常犯的错误往往是继续雇用他，毕竟他干得并不太糟糕。可是，一名优秀的管理人员要么找人替代他，要么让他另外承担他能毫不含糊地做好的工作。
三、创造一个高效的环境。 这是一个特殊的挑战，因为需要依据不同的情况制定不同的措施。有时，你可以通过给每个人分配专用的办公室以最大限度地提高工作效率；有时，实现这一目标需要做的是让大家搬到一起办公；有时，你采取经济刺激去提高生产效率。通常需要综合采取各种手段。在组建微软公司时，我着手创造一个软件开发人员能够人尽其才的环境。我希望建立的是一个工程师们乐于为之服务的公司。我希望形成一种能够激励雇员们协同工作、分享创意、维持高昂动力的企业文化。
四、阐明成功意味着什么。 让你的雇员清晰地了解怎样才算成功以及他们应如何衡量自己的成就。确立目标应当立足于现实。例如，工作计划应由工作的执行者制定。人们乐于接受在自己协助下?由下至上?制订的最后期限。然而，他们对上司压下来的与现实不符的时间表会持怀疑态度。确立无法实现的目标会损害一个机构。
五、要成为一名优秀的管理人员，你必须乐于并善于与他人交流。 这是假装不来的。假如你并不是真正喜欢与他人打交道，就难以有效地管理他们。在我的公司，除了常规的小组会议和管理人员与工作人员一对一的会谈外，还定期举行员工大会，并定期把我们对员工的要求通过电子邮件传达给雇员。
六，把你手下的工作人员培养成比你e-mail routinely to communicate what we expect from
更能干的人。把你的技能传授给他们。 这employees. 375
48 Bill Gates' Tips on the Makings of a Good Manager (2)
6. Develop your people to do their jobs better than you
can. Transfer your skills to them. This is an exciting goal, but it can be threatening to a manager who worries that he's training his replacement. If you're concerned, ask your boss: \If I develop somebody who can do my job super well, does the company have some other challenge for me or not?\smart managers like to see their employees increase their re-sponsibilities because it frees the managers to tackle new or undone tasks. There's no shortage of jobs for good managers. The world has an infinite amount of work to be done.
7. Build morale. Make it clear there's plenty of goodwill to go around and that it's not just you as some hotshot manager who's going to look good if things go well. Give people a sense of the importance of what they're working on—its importance to the company, its importance to customers. When you achieve great results, everybody involved should share in the credit and feel good about it.
8. Take on projects yourself. You need to do more than communicate. The last thing people want is a boss who just doles out stuff. From time to time, prove you can be hands-on by taking on one of the less attractive tasks and using it as an example of how your employees should meet challenges.
9. Don't make the same decision twice.
Spend the time and thought to make a solid decision the first time so that you don't revisit the issue unnecessarily. If you're too willing to reopen issues, it interferes not only with your execution but also with your motivation to make a decision in the first place. After all, why bother deciding an issue if it isn't really decided?
10. Let people know whom to please. Maybe it's you, maybe it's your boss, and maybe it's somebody who works for you. You're in trouble—and risking paralysis in your organization—when employees start saying to themselves, \Am I supposed to be making this person happy or this other person happy? They seem to have different priorities. \
I don't pretend that these are the only 10 approaches a manager should keep in mind, or even that they're the most important ones. There are lots of others. Just a month ago, for example, I encouraged leaders to demand bad news before
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个目标是激动人心的，但也会构成威胁，因为有的管理者担心自己在培养自己的替代者。你若关注这一点，不妨去问问你的老板：?假如我培养的人可以极为出色地行使我的职责，公司有没有其他富于挑战的工作提供给我??许多聪明的管理人员乐见手下的职员承担更多的职责，因为这样一来，管理人员自己就可以去承揽新的无人做过的任务。优秀的管理人员从来就不缺职位，世界上需要做的工作真是太多了。
七、鼓舞土气。 要表明大家都在精诚合作；如果一切进展顺利，不仅仅是你——艺高而自负的管理人员——可以洋洋自得。要让人们觉得在从事的工作中他们起到了重要的作用；他们不仅对公司而且对顾客都是如此。一件大事做成之际，参与的每一个人都应分享荣誉，都应感到欣慰。
八、亲自参与某些项目。 作为管理人员，你要做的不仅仅是交流。人们最不愿接受的老板是那种只知道分派任务的人。时不时，你可以承揽一件不那么吸引人的任务，给雇员们做出应如何应对挑战的榜样，以此证明你是能够亲力亲为的。
九，不要重复做出相同的决定。 第一次，就应不惜时日、深思熟虑地做出稳妥的决定，这样你就不必重新考虑这个问题。假如你情不自禁要再度考虑，那不仅会干扰决定的执行，还会首当其冲动摇你做出决定的积极性。如果老是决而不定，为什么要烦心伤神去做呢?
十、让人们知道该去取悦谁。 也许就是你自己，也许是你的老板，也许是你手下的某个雇员。倘若雇员们开始自问：?我该取悦这个人呢，还是那个人?他们好像有不同的认识。?若如此，你就有麻烦了，你的公司甚至有瘫痪的危险。
我不敢说一名管理人员所应当牢记的仅仅是以上十条方略，我甚至不敢说这就是最重要的十条。还有其他许多方略。举一个例子，就在一个月前，我劝告管理人员在期待从手下雇员那里听到好消息之前，先要听听他们传来的坏消息。然而这十条忠告或许可以帮助你有效地管理。但愿如此。
good news from their employees. But these 10 ideas may help you manage well, and I hope they do. 432
49 Gettysburg Address
Fourscore and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.
Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battlefield of that war. We 49 葛底斯堡演说
八十七年前，我们的先辈在这块大陆上建立起一个崭新的国家。它孕育于自由之中，信奉人人生来平等的理念。
现在，我们正在进行一场伟大的国内战争。这场战争将考验我们这个国家以及任何一个孕育于自由、信奉平等理念的国家是否能够长久存在。今天我们在这场战争的一个伟大战场集会。我们来到这里，将这个战场的一部分土地奉献给在此为国have come to dedicate a portion of that field as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.
But in a large sense we cannot dedicate, we cannot consecrate, we cannot hallow this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here have consecrated it far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember, what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us, the living, rather to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us, —that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to the cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion, —that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain,—that this nation , under God, shall have a new birth of freedom, — and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.
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50 Candle in the Wind
Goodbye, England's rose; may your ever grow in our hearts.
You were the grace that placed itself where lives were torn apart.
You called out to our country, and you whispered to those in pain.
Now you belong to heaven, and the stars spell out your name.
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家生存而献出生命的人们，作为他们永久安息之所。我们这样做，是完全恰当，也是合乎情理的。
然而，就更深一层意义而言，我们不能奉献这片土地，我们不能圣化这片土地，不能神化这片土地。在这里战斗过的勇士们，无论他们是活着的或已死去，已经使这片土地变得如此神圣，我们微薄的力量对此远不能有所增减。世人将不会注意、也不会长久地记住我们在这里所说的话，但世人永远不会忘记他们在这里所做的一切。更重要的是，我们仍然活着的人应该献身于在此战斗过的人们英勇地推进但尚未完成的事业。为了这个事业，他们做出了最后的、彻底的奉献；这些令人崇敬的死者应当激励我们奉献更多的忠诚，更加努力地致力于依然摆在我们面前的伟大任务。我们在此立誓：我们决不能让烈士们的鲜血白白流淌；在上帝的庇佑下，我们一定要使我们的国家获得自由的新生；我们一定要让我们这个民有、民治、民享的政府永世长存!
50 风中之烛
别了，英格兰的玫瑰； 愿你永远在我们心中绽放。 在生命备受摧残的地方， 你翩然而至，是美惠的女王。 你大声呼唤着我们的人民， 你轻声呵护着四方。
而今，星星拼缀着你的名字， 你已离开尘世，属于天堂。
在我眼中，你的一生就像风中的一只蜡烛．
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