哈汽1000MW汽轮机运行说明书

华能沁北电厂 运行三期培训资料

CCLN1000-25/600/600型汽轮机汽轮机运行说明书1

华能沁北电厂 运行三期培训资料

目 录

1 汽轮机额定与设计数据 ................................................... 1 2 安全预防措施 ........................................................... 2 3 轴偏心度 ............................................................... 5 4 轴的振动 ............................................................... 6 4.1 概述 ............................................................... 6 4.2 振动级别 ........................................................... 6 4.3 异常振动 ........................................................... 7 4.4 振幅的观察 ......................................................... 7 4.5 报警范围内的运行建议 ............................................... 9 4.6 利用监视仪表进行监视 ............................................... 9 5 汽缸和胀差 ............................................................ 10 5.1 汽缸膨胀 .......................................................... 10 5.2 胀差 .............................................................. 10 5.3 推力位置检测仪 .................................................... 12 6 润滑油系统 ............................................................ 14 6.1 润滑油箱 .......................................................... 14 6.2 油位调节器 ........................................................ 15 6.3 润滑油 ............................................................ 15 6.4 润滑油疏油温度和轴承金属温度 ...................................... 17 7 低压排汽缸 ............................................................ 19 7.1 真空度 ............................................................ 19 7.2 温度 .............................................................. 20 7.3 低压缸喷水装置 .................................................... 21 8 汽封系统 .............................................................. 22 9 允许的压力和温度变化 .................................................. 23 9.1 所允许的初始压力变化 .............................................. 23

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华能沁北电厂 运行三期培训资料 9.2 允许的再热压力变化 ................................................ 23 9.3 允许的温度变化 .................................................... 23 9.4 上下缸间所允许的温度差 ............................................ 23 10 偏周波运行允许时间 ................................................... 26 11 限制条件 ............................................................. 28 11.1 热应力与变形 ..................................................... 28 11.2 振动 ............................................................. 35 11.3 汽缸与转子间的胀差 ............................................... 36 11.4 监视仪表 ......................................................... 36 12 建议采用的程序 ....................................................... 37 12.1 启动前的预防措施和注意事项 ....................................... 37 12.2 启动程序 ......................................................... 37 12.3 升负荷 ........................................................... 42 12.4 平稳变负荷过程 ................................................... 43 12.5 紧急操作 ......................................................... 43 12.6 汽轮机停机程序 ................................................... 49 13 重新启动条件 ......................................................... 52 14 进水后的紧急汽轮机运行 ............................................... 53 15 由于进水而导致汽轮机损坏的分类 ....................................... 54 15.1 推力轴承失效 ..................................................... 54 15.2 损坏叶片 ......................................................... 54 15.3 热应力裂纹 ....................................................... 54 15.4 碰磨损坏 ......................................................... 54 15.5 永久性扭曲及变形 ................................................. 54 15.6 间接影响 ......................................................... 55 16 利用热电偶检测进水 ................................................... 56 17 影响损坏程度的因素 ................................................... 57 17.1 水量 ............................................................. 57 17.2 蒸汽流量 ......................................................... 57

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华能沁北电厂 运行三期培训资料 17.3 转速 ............................................................. 57 18 水源................................................................. 59 18.1 抽汽系统 ......................................................... 59 18.2 锅炉和主蒸汽管 ................................................... 60 18.3 再热喷水减温器 ................................................... 61 18.4 汽封系统 ......................................................... 62 19 盘车................................................................. 63 19.1 汽轮机启动前的盘车 ............................................... 63 19.2 汽轮机启动时的盘车 ............................................... 63 19.3 汽轮机停机时的盘车 ............................................... 64 19.4 汽轮机长期停机 ................................................... 64 20 盘车注意事项 ......................................................... 65 20.1 油泵 ............................................................. 65 20.2 汽封系统 ......................................................... 65 20.3 轴承供油温度 ..................................................... 65 20.4 轴承金属温度 ..................................................... 65 21 盘车中断 ............................................................. 66 22 紧急盘车 ............................................................. 67 22.1 由于轴振动大而引起的汽轮机跳闸 ................................... 67 22.2 轴承损坏 ......................................................... 67 22.3 盘车装置问题 ..................................................... 68 22.4 润滑油冷却水系统的停止 ........................................... 68 22.5 油泵的停止 ....................................................... 68 23 进水................................................................. 70 24 低速运行 ............................................................. 71 24.1 在低速区域内提高转速 ............................................. 71 24.2 低速匀热 ......................................................... 71 25 超速试验冷启动程序 ................................................... 72

III

华能沁北电厂 运行三期培训资料 26 全周进汽 ............................................................. 73 27 最低负荷建议 ......................................................... 74 28 低负荷运行限制值 ..................................................... 75 29 给水加热器退出运行时的运行限制值 ..................................... 76 30 超出合同承诺的机组运行 ............................................... 78 31 应力腐蚀裂纹和给水处理 ............................................... 79

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