2014年10月自考《英语一》讲义 Unit 12_(含课文、生词表、课后练

Unit 12 Technology：A Double－Edged Sword

A FAMOUS QUOTE

There is nothing either good or bad, but thinking makes it so. 世界上之事物本无善之分，思想使然。

——William Shak——威廉·莎

William Shakespeare （1564-1616）, English playwright and poet.Shakespeare is universally recognized as the greatest of English writers and one of the most extraordinary creators in humahistory.The thirty-seven plays associated with his name, including the major tragedies Hamlet, KLear, Othello, and Macbeth, and his romances and comedies, Twelfth Night and A Midsummer Night'samong them, have been translated into many languages and have crossed all kinds of cultural divi 威廉·莎士比亚（1564-1616），英国剧作家和诗人。莎士比亚是全世界公认的最伟大的英国作家和最不同的人类历史创造者之一。有37部剧作与他的名字相关，其中包括四大悲剧《哈姆雷特》、《李尔王》、《奥赛和《麦克白》。他的浪漫喜剧作品中有《第十二夜》和《仲夏夜之梦》等等。这些作品都已经被翻译成多种语跨越各种文化鸿沟。

Speaking Activity Closing a Conversation

Sample Dialogue

Read the following conversation.Pay attention to how the speakers close their conversation. Steve: It's been fun talking to you.

Jenny: It was really nice talking to you too.

Steve: I've got to go now.But how about meeting up some time? Jenny: Yes.I'd like that.

Steve: How about having dinner somewhere? Jenny: Why not? You name the date.

Steve: OK.I'll call you so we can fix a time. Jenny: I look forward to that. Steve: Good.

Jenny: All right.See you. Steve: See you.Bye.

Guided Practice

Directions: You have just met someone at a party, but you have to leave the party early and goodbye to him/her.Use your own information.You may use the following tips to help you. It's been fun talking to you.

It was really nice talking to you. Nice talking to you too. I've got to go now. How about?？

I look forward to that.

All right.See you. Bye.

New words

1.privacy n.the state of being alone and not watched or disturbed by other people 隐私；私密 2.feature v.to include a particular person or thing as a special feature 以??为特色；以??要组成

3.transparent adj.（of glass, plastic, etc.）allowing you to see through it 透明的

4.isolate v.to separate somebody/something physically or socially from other people or thing（使）隔离，孤立

5.coin v.to invent a new word or phrase that other people then begin to use 创造（新词语） 6.cell n.a room for one or more prisoners in a prison or police station单间牢房；牢房 7.unobserved adj.without being seen 不被看见（或发现）的 8.behave v.to do things in a particular way 表现

9.wired adj.connected to a system of computers 联机的

10.metaphor n.a word or phrase used to describe somebody/something else, in a way that is different from its normal use 暗喻；隐喻

11.surveillance n.the act of carefully watching a person suspected of a crime or a place whecrime may be committed 监视

12.enormous adj.extremely large 巨大的；庞大的；极大的

13.ubiquitous adj.seeming to be everywhere or in several places at the same time 似乎无所不在十分普遍的

14.whereabouts n.the place where somebody/something is 下落；行踪

15.track v.to find somebody/something by following the marks, signs, information, etc., thathave left behind them 跟踪；追踪

16.survey n.an investigation of the opinions, behaviour, etc.of a particular group of peoplewhich is usually done by asking them questions 民意调查；民意测验

17.scale n.the size or extent of something, especially when compared with something else 规模围，程度

18.exchange n.an act of giving something to somebody or doing something for somebody and recsomething in return 交换；互换；交流

19.expand v.to become greater in size, number or importance 扩大，增加，增强 20.decade n.a period of ten years 十年，十年期

21.electronic adj.relating to computers or something that is done by computers 电子的 22.profile n.a description of somebody/something that gives useful information 概述；简介 23.cyberspace n.the imaginary place where electronic messages, etc.exist while they are beinbetween computers 网络空间

24.grant v.to agree to give somebody what they ask for, especially formal or legal permissiodo something （尤指正式地或法律上）同意，准予，允许 25.damage n.harmful effect 损害；伤害

26.compromise v.to do something that is against your principles or does not reach standards you have set 违背（原则）；达不到（标准）

27.increasingly adv.more and more all the time 越来越多地；不断增加地

28.maintain v.to make something continue at the same level , standard, etc.维持；保持 29.defend v.to protect somebody/something from attack 保护；保卫

30.expose v.to show something that is usually hidden 暴露；显露；露出

Phrases and Expressions

1.or rather used to correct something you have said, or to give more accurate information 确 2.in addition （to） used when you want to mention another person or thing after something除??以外（还）

3.apply for to make a formal request, usually in writing, for something such as a job, a placollege, university, etc.（通常以书面形式）申请，请求

4.beyond one's control impossible for someone to control 无法控制

5.call （one's）attention to to make people notice and be concerned or think about something（某人）对??的注意

Proper names

The New York Times 《纽约时报》

Jeremy Bentham 杰里米?边沁（英国哲学家、法学家）

Text A Privacy in Our High-Tech Society

Text A

Pre－reading Questions

1.Do you worry about safety on the Internet? What problems have you encountered on the inter 2.How do you protect yourself in today's high-tech society?

Privacy in Our High-Tech Society

A recent New York Times \house.Every wall in his home was transparent; he had no walls to hide behind, not even in the bathroom.Of course, he lived in an isolated area, so he didn't exactly have neighbors peering inwatching his every move.But he had chosen to live without any physical privacy in a home that alevery action to be seen.He had created his own panopticon, a place in which everything is open tview.

The term panopticon was coined by Jeremy Bentham in the late eighteenth century when he was describing an idea for how prisons should be designed.The prisoner's cells would be placed in a with a guard tower in the middle.All walls facing the center of the circle would be glass.In thaevery prisoner's cell would be in full view of the guards.The prisoners could do nothing unobserbut would not be able to see the guard tower.They would know they were being watched — or rathethey would know that they could be being watched — but because they could not see the guard towthey would never know when the guard was actually monitoring their actions.

It is common knowledge that people behave differently when they know they are being watched.differently when we know someone is looking; we act differently when we think someone else mightlooking.In these situations, we are less likely to be ourselves; instead, we will act the way wewe should act when we are being observed by others.

In our wired society, many talk of the panopticon as a metaphor for the future.But in many wthe panopticon is already here.Surveillance cameras are everywhere, and we often don't even knowactions are being recorded.In fact, the surveillance camera industry is enormous, and these camekeep getting smaller and smaller to make surveillance easier and more ubiquitous.In addition, wea record of everything we do online; our cyber-whereabouts can be tracked and that information cused for various purposes.Every time we use a credit card, make a major purchase, answer a surveapply for a loan, or join a mailing list, our actions are observed and recorded.And most of us hidea just how much information about us has been recorded and how much data is available to varisources.The scale of information gathering and the scale of exchange have both expanded so rapidthe last decade that there are now millions of electronic profiles of individuals existing in cyberspace, profiles that are bought and sold, traded, and often used for important decisions, swhether or not to grant someone a loan.① However, that information is essentially beyond our control.We can do little to stop the information gathering and exchange and can only hope to be to control the damage if something goes wrong.

With so much information floating about in cyberspace, and so much technology that can recorobserve, our privacy has been deeply compromised.There are those who argue that information mustgathered for the social good.However, I find it truly amazing that anyone would want to live in transparent house at any time, especially in an age when individual privacy is becoming increasidifficult to maintain and defend.② Perhaps the story of the man who lived in a glass house is aattempt to call our attention to the fact that the panopticon is already here, and that we are ajust as exposed as he is.

Key Sentences

1.The scale of information gathering and the scale of exchange have both expanded so rapidlythe last decade that there are now millions of electronic profiles of individuals existing in cyberspace, profiles that are bought and sold, traded, and often used for important decisions, swhether or not to grant someone a loan.

过去十年间，信息收集以及信息交换的规模迅速扩展，网络空间存有无数个人电子档案，这些档案被买卖易，经常用于重要决策，如是否给某人发放贷款等。

2.However, I find it truly amazing that anyone would want to live in a transparent house at time, especially in an age when individual privacy is becoming increasingly difficult to maintaidefend.

然而，竟然有人愿意住在透明房中，特别是在一个保留和保护个人隐私越来越难的时代，这着实令我诧异

Notes

1.The Panopticon is a type of prison building designed by English philosopher and social theJeremy Bentham in 1785.The concept of the design is to allow an observer to observe （-opticon）（pan-）prisoners without the incarcerated being able to tell whether they are being watched.

Text A Privacy in Our High-Tech Society

Exercises

ⅠChecking Your Comprehension

Directions: Choose the best answer to each question from the information given in the passag 1.The recent New York Times article described a man who_________. A）designed a special glass prison B）wanted to live an isolated life C）lived in full view of others D）chose his own way of living [答疑编号506494120301：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】C

【答案解析】根据第一段的内容可知，这个人是住在完全透明的玻璃房里，他没有身体上的隐私，一举一动都可以被看到。

2.How would a person act when he knows he may be being observed? A）Do nothing but sit all day long. B）Try to do the same as usual. C）Manage to hide himself.

D）Do what he thinks should be done. [答疑编号506494120302：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】D

【答案解析】第三段第三句In these situations, we are less likely to be ourselves;

instead, we will act the way we think we should act when we are being observed by others.答案选D。

3.The panopticon has already come into existence because___________. A）everything we do online can be tracked

B）surveillance cameras are overused everywhere

C）most people like to live an open life

D）information overloads everywhere on the Internet [答疑编号506494120303：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】B

【答案解析】文章第四段第二句讲到圆形监狱已经以各种形式存在。后面紧接着就讲了监控

摄像头到处都是，我们甚至都不知道自己的行踪被记录。因此现实中的“圆形监狱”指的是surveillance cameras，答案选B。

4.With so much electronic information beyond our control, we can do nothing but hope to _____________.

A）control the damage

B）depend less on the Internet C）give up surfing the Internet D）arouse people's risk awareness [答疑编号506494120304：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】A

【答案解析】第四段最后一句 we can do little to stop the information gathering

and exchange and can only hope to be able to control the damage if something goes wrong.答案选A。

5.The author tries to call attention to the fact that ______. A）more prisons have been built B）we already have little privacy C）there's too much technology D）people like to be exposed

[答疑编号506494120305：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】B

【答案解析】最后一段最后两句?especially in an age when individual privacy is

becoming increasingly difficult to maintain and defend...call our attention to the fact that.., and that we are all just as exposed as he is.答案选B。

Ⅱ Building Your Vocabulary Section A

Directions: Complete each of the following sentences with the correct choice of the words githe brackets.

1.She has a small office which is used for ______ discussions.（private, privacy） [答疑编号506494120306：针对该题提问]

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