四、阅读理解
Passage 1
For many people in the US, college is the time and place to decide what they want to do for the rest of their lives. When you first start off your college career, you are unrestrained to explore your passions and interests. Most colleges do not require you to declare a major until the end of your sophomore year. This allows you two whole years of exploration of various interests and acquiring a better understanding of yourself. Some individuals step into school knowing exactly what they want to major in and stick with it for all four years. Other more free-spirited folks don’t really have a clue as they change majors multiple times until they settle on their true interests.
What you major in while in college doesn’t necessarily dictate the rest of your life. Often, what you major in during college has nothing to do with what you end up doing for the rest of your life. For example, the father of a close friend of mine graduated with a Bachelor’s degree in Communications. Later on though, he decided to go to medical school and now works as a dermatologist. In America, nothing is ever set in stone. College is simply a guideline for your strengths and interests and sets a path for the real society.
I personally declared as a Biological Sciences major for my first year of college. When I applied to various universities, I was pretty certain that I wanted to become a doctor. However, after this first year, I realized that science might not be my passion after all. I am now considering a career in business and economics, which is quite a far reach from my original biology field. I am extremely grateful for this first year majoring in Biology, even though I am now moving into a field completely different from where I started. This first year helped me realize what I really wanted for myself and gave me a better understanding of who I am.
A1. Most colleges do not require students to declare a major until they finish_______ in college. A. the first two years B. the first year
C. choosing among various majors D. exploring their passions
C2. When those more free-spirited folks change majors for several times, they ________ . A. are well informed B. are rarely informed C. are given clues D. know what to do B3. What does ―nothing is ever set in stone‖ mean?
A. Nothing is ever settled. B. Nothing is fixed in stone. C. Nothing is like stone. D. Nothing is placed in stone. C4. Why does the author tell the story of his friend’s father?
A. He wants to convince the readers that Communications is not a good major for his friend’s father. B. He wants to convince the readers that Communications is not as good as Biology.
C. He wants to illustrate the fact that a student’s major in college doesn’t control the rest of his life.
D. He wants to illustrate the fact that a college student should not end up doing nothing for the rest of his life.
C5. Why does the author feel grateful for the first college year? A. Because he majored in Biology.
B. Because he changed his major after the first year.
C. Because he realized what he really wanted for himself.
D. Because he realized that he should choose a career in business and economics.
Passage 2
China has changed enormously over the last 20 years. Its economy has been growing at 10% a year, and it’s on track to be the world’s largest economy soon. As a result, more and more western companies want to do business in China. But how easy is it for a westerner to do business there? Here are some tips.
Take your time. In the west, business is ruled by deadlines. Chinese business people seem to act slowly
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by western standards so be prepared to wait for decisions.
Build relationships. In the west, it’s usual to do business first, and then see if a relationship is possible. In China, it’s the opposite. You need to build a relationship before you can do business. This leads to the idea of ―guanxi‖. Guanxi means using personal contacts and relationships to do business, and westerners need to understand how real and strong this is in China.
You must remember to respect ―face‖. Face means have high status with your peers. Face can be lost, given or earned. Never criticize or insult someone in front of others, as losing face will make it impossible to make a deal. On the other hand, if you praise someone by saying good things about him or her, then he or she will gain face, but be careful not to do it too much.
All these tricks of the trade can help you to play the game and do business successfully in China. Be prepared and be patient, if you want to be a winner in China.
C1. More and more western companies want to do business in China. Which of the following is NOT a reason
for this?
A. Chinese economy has been growing very fast.
B. China has changed enormously over the last 20 years. C. It is easy for a westerner to do business in China.
D. China is on track to be the world’s largest economy soon, D2. From the passage, it can be inferred that ________.
A. business is also ruled by deadlines in China.
B. You should judge Chinese business people western standards. C. You should urge Chinese business people for decisions.
D. you should wait patiently for decisions made by Chinese business people.
A3. According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true about Guanxi in China?
A. You need to do business first and then build relationships in China. B. Guanxi is real and strong in China.
C. You need to use Guanxi to do business in China. D. Guanxi means personal contacts and relationships.
D4. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true about face in China?
A. You can criticize or even insult someone in front of others in China. B. Business deals have nothing to do with face.
C. You should praise someone by saying good things as much as possible. D. You need to respect others’ face when doing business in China.
C5. According to the author, which of the following statement is not a tip for you to be a winner when doing
business in China?
A. Take your time and be prepared. B. Build your relationships first.
C. Doing business according to western standards. D. Remember to respect ―face‖
Passage 3
Family is important to everyone all over the world, but the structure of the family is different from one country to another.
In the United States, as in many countries in the world, the family is changing. A generation or two ago, the traditional family has the father as the boss. But today, the modern family, in which both the father and the mother are equal partners, is common. Although there are several similarities between them, there are also some very important differences.
The most important difference is in the man’s role. The traditional husband was the only provider in a
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family. In many families today, both husband and wife work for pay. Therefore, they share the role of head of household. The traditional husband did not do any housework. Dinner should be ready when he came home. In contrast, the modern husband helps his wife with the housework at home.
In addition to the change of the man’s role, children’s role has changed as well. In the traditional family, the children were taken care of by the mother because she did not work. However, today, they have to make their own breakfast because their mother is busy getting ready for work.
The American family structure is very different from that of many years ago. It may change greatly next century. It will be interesting to see.
D1. About American family, which of the following is NOT true? A. American family is changing.
B. Traditional American family has the father as the boss
C. Modern American family has both the father and the mother as equal partners. D. Modern American family is totally different from traditional one. C2. Which of the following is true about man’s role in American family? A. Man is the only provider in American family today.
B. Man plays the role of head of household in modern American family.
C. Man did not do any housework in traditional American family. D. Man does all the housework in modern American family.
B3. About children in American family, it can be inferred that ________. A. their role has remained unchanged B. they have become more independent nowadays C. they were taken care of by their fathers D. they were looked after by their parents together
B4. According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true? A. Family Structure is different is different countries.
B. American family structure remains the same with that in the past. C. American family structure is undergoing great changes.
D. American family structure may change dramatically in the future. A5. What is the author’s attitude toward changes in the American family? A. positive B. negative C. neutral D. indifferent
Passage 4
Grasslands need time to rest when cattle and other animals feed on them. Moving animals from one area of pasture to another can provide the time needed for new growth. This is called rotational grazing.
Experts say rotational grazing is good for the land and the animals, and it can save money. This form of grazing can reduce the need for pesticide treatments by reducing the growth of weeds. And it can limit the need for chemical fertilizers by letting animal waste do the job of natural fertilizer. Rotational grazing can even help prevent wildfires by keeping grassland in good condition.
Letting animals feed continually and intensively in the same grazing areas can require costly replanting. Animals eat the most desirable growth first. When that keeps happening, the roots do not have enough time to recover. As a result, less desirable plants may replace them.
Intensively used grasslands are also harmed as the soil is continually crushed under the weight of heavy animals. And the animals usually avoid their own waste, so that reduces the amount of good grazing space even more.
Experts say that while rotational grazing can save money over time, it also requires planning. And that starts with a good map to mark fences, water supplies and grazing areas.
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C1. About rotational grazing, which of the following is NOT true? A. Moving animals from one area of pasture to another. B. Giving pasture the time needed for new growth C. It is good for the land, but bad for the animals. D. It can save money.
D2. From the passage, it can be inferred that ________ . A. rotational grazing increases the growth of weeds
B. rotational grazing increases the need for chemical fertilizers C. rotational grazing increases the need for pesticide treatments
D. if grasslands are being kept in good condition, wildfires will be reduced.
B3. According to the passage, which of the following statements in NOT a reason for costly replanting of the intensively grazing area?
A. Animals eat the most desirable growth first. B. Desirable plants may replace less desirable one. C. The roots do not have enough time to recover. D. Less desirable plants may replace desirable ones.
D4. According to the passage, which of the following states is true about intensively used grasslands? A. It is harmed because the soil is continually destroyed by large animals. B. The animals do not avoid their own waste on the grasslands. C. The crushed soil will help new growth of grasslands.
D. Heavy animals avoid their own waste to increase the grazing space even more.
C5. According to the author, what will continue to be discussed after the end of the passage? A. Why can rotational grazing save money over time? B. Why does rotational grazing require planting? C. The steps of planning of rotational grazing. D. The disadvantages of rotational grazing
Passage 5
As summertime begins in Britain, people start to feel the urge to go outside to eat. People love to have a picnic whenever the weather is good enough, especially people with children. It’s a great way to spend a sunny afternoon.
Even in the center of London, on a sunny day, the parks are full of office workers eating their lunch outside on the grass. That might be a pretty basic picnic? a shop-bought sandwich and a bottle of water.
But if people are planning a picnic on the beach or at the park, they would probably pack a cool bag with a whole variety of home-made sandwiches, snacks, cake, fruit and soft drinks. They might have a picnic rug to sit on, and paper plates and cups. Another item which is useful is a thermos flask which keeps hot drinks like tea or coffee hot, or cold ones icy.
University students enjoy having picnics, and usually take along some kind of sports equipment, such as a Frisbee or ball in order to burn off some energy after lunch. British student picnics usually involve drinking beer or wine too!
For small children the idea of a teddy bear’s picnic is popular----each child brings their teddy bear along to ―enjoy‖ the fun as well.
Some people love to have a very elaborate picnic, and really go all out to make it an occasion. For a very posh picnic you’d need a proper picnic hamper to hold the food complete with china crockery, metal cutlery and real wine glasses. A picnic could be a romantic occasion, but only if it’s in a quiet attractive spot, not in a busy park with lots of children playing nearby!
B1. Office workers usually eat ____ when they have lunch outside on the grass in the parks of London.
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A. homemade sandwiches B. shop-brought sandwiches C. bottles of water D. cakes
C2. _____ is a very useful thing, because it can keep the temperature of the drinks for a long time. A. Tea pot B. Picnic rug C. Thermos flask D. Plates and cups
C3. University students often bring along some sports equipments while having a picnic in order to _____. A. be thinner B. kill some time C. keep fit D. have fun
D4. Children love the idea of a teddy bear’s picnic because _____. A. they think teddy bear loves a picnic B. they love to show off their teddy bear C. they want teddy bear to eat something
D. they think teddy bear can enjoy the picnic too B5. A well-planned picnic needs _____. A. an invitation beforehand
B. a picnic basket to hold everything C. real wine glasses D. the food
Passage 6
If you have ever been discouraged because of failure, please read on. For often, achieving what you set out to do is not the important thing. Let me explain.
Two brothers decided to dig a deep hole behind their house. As they were working, a couple of older boys stopped by to watch.
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The older boys began to laugh, telling the younger ones that digging a hole all the way through the earth was impossible.
After a long silence, one of the diggers picked up a jar full of spiders, worms and a wide assortment of insects. He removed the lid and showed the wonderful contents to the scoffing visitors.
Then he said quietly and confidently, \found along the way!\
Their goal was far too ambitious, but it did cause them to dig. And that is what a goal is for—to cause us to move in the direction we have chosen; in other words, to set us to digging!
But not every goal will be fully achieved. Not every job will end successfully. Not every relationship will endure. Not every hope will come to pass. Not every love will last. Not every endeavor will be completed. Not every dream will be realized.
But when you fall short of your aim, perhaps you can say, \Look at the wonderful things which have come into my life because I tried to do something!\
It is in the digging that life is lived. And I believe it is joy in the journey, in the end, that truly matters. B1. Why did the two brothers decide to dig a deep hole?
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