高考英语阅读二轮复习专题突破之十二策略

高考英语阅读二轮复习专题突破之十二策略

阅读策略一：捕捉标题

[策略聚焦]

“捕捉标题”（skimming for titles）有两重含义，一是指阅读标题文章时，对标题含义准确迅速地理解和把握，也就是通过对标题的理解，大致了解文章的内容和中心思想；二是指在做阅读理解题时，根据文章的内容准确找出符合文章主题思想的最佳标题，通常是指从给定的四个选项中，选出一个能恰当概括文章主题思想的标题。这里重点谈谈如何选出最佳标题。 1. 通读全文，掌握大意； 2. 阅读时注意主题句；

3. 标题不同于主题句，它具有简洁醒目的特点； 4. 借助“排除法”和“比较法”选择最佳标题； 5. 一定要整体把握，一切从文章本身出发。 [技能实践]

快速阅读下面的文章或段落，并完成文后的题目。 A

Xu Jinglei is filming a new documentary in Beijing to record the fascinating culture of the city’s Hutongs and old houses. “Old buildings are part of history and they will be great to witness its evolution,” said the 32-year-old actress and director. Xu said it would take six months to finish the documentary. Meanwhile, after Xu’s blog became popular, the star began to use it to raise funds for charity. Alongside her blog entries, she advertises props （道具）used in previous films for sale, to raise money for the blind. Which would be the best title for the passage? A. Hutong history

B. A promising film director C. Hutong is to be filmed for charity D. Xu is raising money for the blind [技能点拨]

本篇共两段，分别讲述了徐静蕾将拍摄一部关于北京胡同的电影，以及徐利用博客做广告变卖电影道具为盲人捐款。实际上，第一段是该篇的主要内容，而且第一段的核心又是北京的胡同文化将搬上银幕，通过它，观众可以了解更多的胡同历史。所以A最贴近主题，而且简洁醒目，是正确选项。 B

There is a simple economic rule used to determine prices. It is called the law of supply and demand. Supply means the amount of certain goods. Demand stands for the number of people who want those goods. If there are more goods than wanted, the prices of them fall.

On the other hand, if the demand for those goods is much greater than the supply, then the prices rise.

Which title can best express the main idea of the passage? A. Economic rules B. Law of supply and demand C. More goods, lower prices D. Fewer goods, higher prices [技能点拨]

A选项泛指经济规律，夸大了主题，不可取；相反，C和D只强调了供需的两个单方面现象，犯了以偏概全的错误，也不能作为标题；而选项B“供需规律”抓住了本段的中心思想，而且具有简洁醒目的特点。

阅读策略二： 捕捉段落大意

[策略聚焦]

一篇英语文章通常是由多个段落组成的。只要读懂了每个段落的意思，就读懂了整篇文章。怎样才能既快捷又准确地捕捉段落大意（skimming for the main idea of a paragraph）呢？

1. 抓主题句。通常每个段落都有主题句，而且多出现在句首，有时也在句末，间或出现在段落的中间。它是一个段落的提纲，是透视一段内容的窗户，所以找出了主题句，也就掌握了段落大意。

2. 抓关键词。有时候，段落中没有明确的主题句，此时可从某些关键词语中概括推断出其大意。关键词对段落具有画龙点睛的作用。

3. 综合概括。当文章中既无主题句，又无关键词可依托时，就必须综合分析本段的各个句意和细节，在此基础上概括并推断出段落大意。

抓段落大意时，最忌讳的是以偏概全，只根据只言片语，便认定它是本段的中心内容和主题思想。应该全面分析和综合理解整段内容，在诸多信息中权衡孰重孰轻，然后再作定夺。同时要防止舍本逐末，抓了芝麻，丢了西瓜，把无关紧要的细节当作段落大意。 [技能实践]

快速阅读下面的段落或文章，并回答文后的问题。 （A）

With the changes in their social roles, women’s positions in the

family have been improved as well. Husband and wife are now equal in the family. They deal with problems of daily life together, and share happiness with each other. In today’s families, women are not usually the ones busy with dinners and washing.

What’s the main idea of the passage?

________________________________________.

[技能点拨] Husband and wife are now equal in the family。第一句是本段的主题句，其中in the family和improved是关键词，但它还不是段落大意。综合后面几句的内容，可知第二句才是对本段内容的高度概括，因此是本段的段落大意。

（B）

In the West, having a successful lifestyle often means having material goods such as a large house (or two), a large car (or two), private schooling for the children, designer clothes, foreign holidays in exotic locations (winter and summer), all mod cons (现代化设备). However, it could be argued that this emphasis on financial and material success can lead to people becoming locked into （受困于） an unfulfilling lifestyle, though a luxury one, working

harder and harder to become more and more successful financially in order

to buy more and more luxury items.

What does the author want to tell us in this paragraph? A. The advantages of success. B. The disadvantages of success. C. A successful lifestyle. D. Hard work leads to successful life.

[技能点拨] 抓关键词和综合概括。本段分两个部分，第一部分就是第一句，告诉读者西方人关于成功生活方式的概念。但是第二句以however开头，话锋一转，指出这种以金钱和物质为基础的成功观念将会导致一种永远不满足的物质追求（unfulfilling lifestyle），越来越卖命，结果是……。可见这里主要谈的是成功背后的不利因素，所以答案是B。

?

阅读策略三：捕捉文章中心思想

[策略聚焦]

中心思想是一篇文章的核心和灵魂，在整个文章的行文过程中起着提纲挈领的作用，而其他内容和细节都围绕着这个中心要旨进行叙述、描写、分析、说明和论证等。

阅读文章时，除了获取我们需要的细节外，最重要的就是掌握它的主旨大意，即这篇文章主要想说明什么，作者的写作意图是什么，等等。这是阅读英语文章必须具备的最重要的能力，因为只有弄懂了中心思想，才算真正读懂了这篇文章。解题时关键在于正确识别文章结构句的功能，包括：

1. 主题句(topic sentence)，其表现形式有三种：段首主题句，段末主题句和段中主题句；其特点是“概括性强，结构简单，受其他句子的解释和支撑”；抓主题句是掌握文章大意最快捷的方法；

2. 主题引介句（topic introducer），总是处于段首第一句，介绍主题，交代目的，是了解文章大意的窗口；

3. 主题支撑句（topic supporter），是文章的主体部分，对文章的主题进行说明、论证、解释等，是掌握中心思想的佐证和依据；

4. 调节（转换）句（modulator），用来调节文章各部分及各论点之间的关系，包括关联词句等，起承上启下和文义转换等作用，使文理通顺；

5. 终结句（terminator），一般为文章的结尾句，是结论，或者是对前面主题思想的呼应。做此类试题的策略和步骤是：

1. 仔细通读全文，特别注意对首句及末句的理解；

2. 注意分析段落首句与随后几句之间的关系，如果它们是支持首句的细节和论证，则为支撑句，从而可确定首句便是主题句；

3. 如果首句就是细节叙述，到结尾才进行概括或归纳总结，则末句为主题句； 4. 如果首尾都是叙述句，则必然中间是主题句，找出概括性强的句子即是； 5. 如果全段均无主题句，就应根据所有句子论述的焦点和侧重点归纳出中心思想。 [技能实践]

快速阅读下面的文章，并回答文后的问题。

When people first got their real job, they may face a lot of new, confusing situations. They may find that everything is different from the way things were at school. It is also possible that they will feel uncomfortable and insecure in both professional and social situations. Eventually, they realize that university classes can’t be the only preparation for all of the different situations that arise in the working world.

Perhaps the best way to learn how to behave in the working world is, to identify （识别） a worker you admire and observe his

behavior. In doing so, you will be able to see what it is that you admire this person for. For example, you will observe how he acts in crisis (危机). Perhaps

even more important, you will be able to see what his approach to day-to-day situations is.

While you are observing your colleague, you should be asking yourself whether his behavior is like yours and how you can learn from his responses to a wide variety of situations. By watching and learning from a model, you will probably begin to identify and adopt good working habits. What is the main idea of this passage? A. Learn from a model. B. Learn, learn and learn again. C. Learn forever. D. One is never too old to learn. [技能点拨]

文章的结构和逻辑关系是：提出问题（主题句）——分析问题——解决问题，谈到解决问题时作者提出了确定学习对象，这是文章的中心思想，所以答案是A。

? ?

阅读策略四：推断

[策略聚焦]

阅读过程中，根据已知的内容或信息，预测或想象后面可能出现的相关

信息，或者猜测作者的真正意图等，叫做“推断”（inference）。高考英语试题中的判断文章的主旨大意、判断作者的写作意图和观点、词语的含义、事情发展的结局以及文章接下来将讨论什么等等，都属于推断题。

推断题属于深层次理解题，答题时只能通过综合字里行间的表象，理性并符合逻辑地推断出文章的内在含义，才能找出正确答案。做这类题时必须注意两点：一是推理的依据只能是文章本身的内容，一定要摆脱读者对问题的主观看法，避免主观臆断，误入歧途；二是结合所读短文以外的有关背景知识，如英语国家的社会习俗和人文景观、社会常识、科普知识及事理逻辑等，在此基础上加以分析、推论，最后做出符合逻辑的判断。 [技能实践]

快速阅读下面的文章，并回答文后的问题。

Generations of Americans have been brought up to believe that a good breakfast is one of life’s essentials (要素). Eating breakfast at the starting of the day, we have all been told and told again, is as necessary as gasoline in the family car before starting a trip.

But for many people the thought of food as the first thing in the morning is by no means a pleasure. So despite all the efforts, theystill take no

breakfast. Between 1977 and 1983, the latest years for which figures were available, the number of people who didn’t have breakfast increased by 33 percent — from 8.8 million to 11.7 million — according to the Chicago-based Market Research Corporation of America.

For those who feel pain of guilt about not eating breakfast, however, there is some good news. Several studies in the last few years indicate that, for adults especially, there may be nothing wrong with omitting breakfast. “Going without breakfast doesn’t affect performance,” said Arnold E. Bender, former professor of nutrition at Queen Elizabeth College in London. “Nor does giving people breakfast improve performance.” Scientific evidence linking breakfast to better health or better performance is surprisingly inadequate (不充分的), and most of the recent work involved children, not adults. “The literature,” said one researcher, Dr. Ernesto Pollitt at the University of Texas, “is poor.”

1. The underlined sentence “Nor does giving people breakfast improve performance” in Para. 3 means ____.A. anyone without breakfast does improve his performance B. not giving people breakfast improves

performance

C. people having breakfast does not improve performance, either D. people having breakfast do improve their performance, too

2. The underlined word “literature” in the last paragraph refers to ____. A. stories, poems, plays, and so on B. written works on a particular subject C. any printed materials D. the modern literature of America [技能点拨]

这是一篇议论文体的短文，行文格式是“提出问题——叙述相关现象和事实——得出结论”，这个结论就是：不吃早饭并不会影响人们一天的活动，尤其是成年人。根据第三段Arnold E. Bender所说的话的前半部分“不吃早饭（去上班等）不会影响工作情况”可知，这里指的是“吃早饭也不会提高工作效率”，所以第1题答案是C；本文中“literature”显然不是指“文学”，根据第一段的“世代美国人都曾相信早餐是生活的基本要素之一”，以及最后一段的内容“（过去）关于吃早饭有利于健康和提高工作效率的科学证据是非常不充分的”，可推知这里“literature”指的是“过去发表的关于吃早餐的文章”，所以第2题答案

是B。

阅读策略五：扫读时间顺序

[策略聚焦]

戏剧故事、散文游记、新闻报道、日记、广告等，大都以时间先后顺序进行表述；有时为了强调或者吸引读者的注意等，间或也采用倒叙或者插叙的方式叙述。像这类涉及时间点较多，关系较复杂的文章，阅读的时候，以时间为线索，可以帮助我们快速理顺关系，掌握诸多细节间的逻辑关系。采用“扫读时间顺序”阅读英语文章时，应该注意以下几点：

1. 首先弄清楚文章是按什么方法进行叙述的：顺述、倒叙还是插叙； 2. 然后快速抓住事件发生、发展的整个时间跨度：起于何时，终于何时； 3. 大时间与各个小时间点之间的关系，如某段时间指的是哪个年代或者哪个时代等；

4. 充分利用表示时间顺序和相互关系的常用词，找出各个时间点与事件发生、发展之间的联系； [技能实践]

快速阅读下面的文章，并回答文后问题。

Katie Melua has just turned 22 (in 2006), and has signed a five-album

recording deal and management contract with DRAMATICO. Upon graduating from the Brit School, Katie began working with Mike Batt on the songs for her first album, which has a jazzy, bluesy feel. Her single, “The Closest Thing To Crazy”, went to number ten inthe UK single lists in December 2003. The album “Call Off The Search” reached number one in January 2004. In her own words:

“I was born in Georgia （格鲁吉亚） in the former USSR in 1984, living in Moscow for a while when I was three or four. Not surprisingly I don’t remember a lot of Moscow back in the communist time, although one thing I do remember is that the place we were staying in did the most amazing pancakes I’ve ever tasted. Leaving Moscow and the pancakes I spent most of my childhood in the seaside town of Batumi, Georgia. There’s really nothing better than swimming in the Black Sea. When I was nine, my dad got a job as a heart surgeon in Belfast, so we moved there. I had a great childhood in both Georgia and Northern Ireland. I found the people in Northern Ireland extremely warm and I made great friends at St. Catherine’s primary school and Dominican College, Fortwilliam.

“I went to catholic schools in Northern Ireland while my younger brother

went to a protestant school. I didn’t always want to be a singer or songwriter. My ambition when I was thirteen was to be a politician or a historian. I honestly thought I’d be able to bring peace to the world, if I ruled it! We lived in Belfast for five

years after which we moved to Southeast London. There I went to Nonsuch high school for girls. When I was fifteen I entered a TV talent competition singing Mariah Carey’s “Without You”. I won the competition and also gained valuable experience by performing live on ITV three times.

“I started writing songs two years ago and had, with my parents’help, a small studio set up at home ...”

1.How old was Katie when her album “Call Off The Search” reached number one?

2.In which year did Katie’s family leave Moscow for Georgia? 3.When did Katie’s family move to London? [技能点拨]

阅读此文可以采取如下步骤：（1）快速扫读时间状语，并速记时间和简要的相关事件；（2）按时间快速排列事件发生的先后顺序；（3）根据问题要求确定答案。问题答案及简析分别如下：1. 20 years old。依据是：第一段第一句以

及第一段最后一句。2. In about 1987 or 1988。从第三段的前几句中的时间in 1984，和when I was three or four，以及相关信息可得此答案。3. In 1998。根据第三段第一句，第三段第五句，以及第四段第五句可得出答案。

阅读策略六：攻克长句和难句

[策略聚焦]

对于不少中学生来说，长句和难句是理解文章的拦路虎。如果这样的句子涉及文章的中心思想或主题大意，则更不可小视。因此，若不能有效地理解长句和难句，便难以正确全面地理解整篇文章，从而影响正确答题或者获取准确的信息。 长句及难句通常有以下特点：1）句子长；2）有一个或多个从句；3）有一个以上的修饰语；4）包含省略结构或插入成分等；5）含有倒装结构；6）含有难以理解或没见过的习语或口语等；7）含有读者不知道的文化背景知识等。阅读过程中遇到长句和难句时，可用以下几种方法解决： 1. 紧紧抓住句子的主干结构：主——谓——宾； 2. 结合上下文分析句意；

3. 根据语境分析推测难句中的生词词义和整个句意；

4. 采用“替代法”，用名词、形容词、副词分别代替名词性从句、 定语和状语从句；

5. 采用“排除法”等方法作为辅助手段。 [技能实践]

快速阅读下面的文章或段落，把划线句子译成汉语。 A

With Christmas drawing near, Santa Claus （圣诞老人） is theworld’s busiest person. This year he has prepared so many Christmas presents that he is using the biggest sleigh ever — the world’s largest ship — to deliver his gifts.

The 4-metre-long ship, the Emma Maersk, is on her first voyage to take thousands of tons of Chinese Christmas presents and decorations to Europe. Nicknamed the SS Santa, she unloaded 45,000 tons of Christmas goods at a British port before heading to other ports in Europe. [技能点拨]

该句的主谓部分是he has prepared so many Christmas presents，意思很明确；句子中用了一个有so that“如此……以至于”引导的状语从句；接着用一个破折号对前面的the biggest sleigh ever作解释说明，此时可以先忽略破折号部分，便可知that后面的内容。全句可译为：今年他（圣诞老人）准备了那么

多礼物，打算用至今最大的雪橇——世界上最大的船——分发他的（圣诞）礼物。 B

Cloning your lovely cat after it passes away might be great for your broken heart. But cloning has a dark side too. If cloning technology falls into the wrong hands, there could be far greater

problems than coming face to face with another you on the street some day. United Nations Secretary-General Kofi Annan, speaking on November 18 at Swiss university town of St. Gallen, warned of “catastrophic (灾难性的)” results of the misuse of the technology.

The recent cloning of the deadly Spanish flu virus by US scientists is the cause of Annan’s fear. [技能点拨]

第一步，先找出句子的主干部分：there could be far greater problems。第二步，确定大意：if引导的是条件状语从句，这里的wrong hands指的是“错误地使用克隆技术”；连词than引导的是比较状语，由此可知整句大意是：如果克隆技术不能被正确地使用，会造成很多大问题。第三步，整理完善并译成汉语：如果克隆技术被滥用，到时候我们遇到的麻烦远比在街上面对面地碰到另一个“你”要严

重得多。

阅读策略七：事实细节题

[策略聚焦]

事实就是某些称为细节的东西，是信息中的细小部分。事实细节题的题干往往是用不同

的词句来表达文中的相关信息的。干扰项的特点有：①是原文信息，但非题目要求的内容；

②符合常识，但非文章内容；③与原句极为相似，只是略微有些变动；④在意思上大相径庭；

⑤部分正确，部分错误。

事实细节题的考查点往往与文章的上下文内容密切相关,考生一定要进行适当的分析再作出

判断。例如：

排序题：可采用 “首尾定位法”。即先找出首先发生的事和最后发生的事，迅速缩小选择范

围，从而快速选出正确答案。

选图题：从文中找出描绘图形的句段，按“文”索“图”。

计算题：要弄清数据间的逻辑关系，选准正确的数据进行计算，同时弄清单位之间的换算关

系。

对于广告、演出信息、航班时间表等的阅读，不必阅读全文，宜采用“题干定位法”。

[技能实践]

MERRILL, Wisconsin (美国威斯康星州) — A 17-year-old French foreign exchange

student died Friday at a party, who was popular in school and active in drama and music,

said Superintendent (主管) Sally Sarnstrom Monday.Arnaud Bernard Van Den Berghe had

a blood-alcohol level of 0.24 percent, three times the level considered legal evidence of

intoxication (醉), at the time of his death, authorities said Sunday.

The sheriff’s department received a 911 call at 3:28 a.m. on Friday reporting a person

in a rural Tomahawk cottage had no pulse and wasn’t breathing. Doctors took Van Den

Berghe to a Tomahawk hospital where he was pronounced dead.

The exact cause of death was not known and autopsy (验尸) results could still take

several weeks, the Lincoln County sheriff’s department said in a statement.

Van Den Berghe was from Aigaliers, a small town in southern France about 100 miles

northwest of Marseille.

He was one of 12 foreign exchange students who intended to spend the school year

attending Merrill High School, which had about 1,200 students, Sarnstrom said Monday.

“He was very friendly,” she said. “So many kids have told me that.”

Van Den Berghe played bass guitar in the jazz band and was on the lighting crew for

the school play “Hit and Misdemeanor”, thesuperintendent said.

Sarnstrom said students had access to counselors (法律顾问) when

classes resumed (恢复) Monday. There were no classes Thursday and Friday because of a teachers’ convention (大会).

1. Van Den Berghe took part in a party, which was held _____. A. on Monday B. at school C. in a small town D. in a cottage 2. What is the cause of Van Den Berghe’s death?

A. He drank too much. B. He joined in a party. C. The local doctors lacked experience. D. It remains unknown. 3. Which of the following statements about Van Den Berghe is NOT true? A. He was well-received in southern France. B. He was interested in music.

C. He played bass guitar in the jazz band. D. He took an active part in activities at school. [技能点拨]

答案：1-3 DDA。三个小题均考查对于事实细节的判断。第1题要求学生弄清晚会举行的时间和地点。从第一段可知星期五是Van Den Berghe死去的日期，那么晚会是否也是在星期五举行的呢？从第三段可知他在星期五凌晨3:28已停止呼吸，由此可以知道晚会应该在前一天晚上即星期四举行，可判断A项错;

关于晚会的地点应该是他发生事故的地点（从第三段可知），即D项为正确答案。

第2题的A、B两项迷惑性很大，但从第四段可知其真正的死因现在还不知道，验尸结果还需要几个星期。第3题A项与事实不符，因为Van Den Berghe是一个French foreign exchange student，从一开始的“MERRILL, Wisconsin”可以判断他应该在美国一所学校学习。A项说“He was well-received”并不错，关键是对于其所在的地方表述有误。

阅读策略八：推理引申题

[策略聚焦] 在解答推理引申类题目时不仅要弄懂字面意思，更要知道其潜在含义。

干扰项的特点如下：①只是原文的简单复述, 而非推断出来的结论；②看似从原文推断出的结论, 然而却与原文不符；③根据已有的常识是正确的, 但却不是基于文章或作者的意图；④推理过头, 引申过度。

一般来讲，推理题有如下几个类型：①根据词义关系推断具体细节。做此类题只要进行简单的推断就可得出结论。②根据文章的描写推断人物的特征。解题时要特别注意人物语言、行为和心理活动的描写。③根据文章的论述推断作者的态度。解这类题要特别留意文中带有感情色彩的词。④根据已有的材料推断后面的内容。做这类题时要把握作者的写作思路来预测下文内容，可按照事件发展的

supermarkets, but now there are hundreds. Some supermarket products carry labels (标签) to show that the products are green. Some companies have made the manufacturing (生产) of clean and safe products their main selling point and emphasize it in their advertising.1.The underlined word “it” refers to _________.

A. the manufacturing of green products B. a great demand for health foods C. a selling point D. the company name

B

Yes, we have come to depend on technology to fulfill our needs, but we still need our natural environment. Unless we start developing technology to protect our natural world, it may soon pollute and poison us. 2. The underlined word “it” refers to _________. A. pollution B. poison

C. technology D. natural world C

Goods must be of proper quality, must be as described on the package

and must be fit for any particular purpose made known by the seller. Those three rules used for the goods you buy can also be used for the goods you get on hire, or for the goods you get as part of a service.

There are also rules which deal with the standard of services youget — from, say, travel agents, shoe repairers, hairdressers and builders. These tell you what you should expect from any service you pay for.

3. The underlined word “these”（in Paragraph 2） refers to _________ . A. the services B. the workers C. the goods D. the rules [技能点拨] 答案：1-3 ACD

1. A。一开始讲几年前在超市不可能找到绿色产品，进而发生转折：现在有成百上千。接着便分别谈到超市和一些公司的做法，都是强调有关产品是绿色产品。超市贴标签、公司则将生产clean and safe的产品（即绿色产品）作为其主要的卖点并且在他们的广告中强调“它”，显然这里的代词it指绿色产品的生产。 2. C。前两句属于转折关系：“我们已经逐渐依赖科技来满足我们的需要，但我们仍然需要我们的自然环境。”显然作者接着就会强调保护自然环境的重要。“除非我们开始发展保护自然环境的科技，否则，科技就可能污染和毒害我们人类”。故答案为C。

3. D。第一段讲商品销售必需的三个原则，接着第二段第一句便指出处理各种服务同样也可以使用这三个原则，并列举了四个服务业。最后说“这些”会让你明白你应该从你付费的服务里希望得到什么，显然these替代的是rules。

百度搜索“77cn”或“免费范文网”即可找到本站免费阅读全部范文。收藏本站方便下次阅读，免费范文网，提供经典小说综合文库高考英语阅读二轮复习专题突破之十二策略在线全文阅读。