2011考研阅读宝典

第一讲 考研英语阅读理解总论 I. 单词问题

按照重要性分成三类

第一类：考研英语的基础词汇，2600个单词

第二类：考研英语的核心高频词汇，不足2000个 第三类：考研英语的生僻词汇，不足1000个，可记可不记

II. 短语问题

在考研英语中，固定搭配分两种情况进行讨论——完形填空和阅读理解

规律：如果一个固定搭配在阅读理解中考核一次，往往肯定考核第二次。

III. 语法问题

必须掌握的考研英语语法

1.定语从句——在考研英语长难句中最典型的句子模型

2.插入语——从命题角度来看，2个逗号相当于2个括号，相当于2个破折号，都是对前文部分的补充说明。

从处理长难句句子结构分析角度看，插入语应该作为一个整体从句子中提取出来，放在一边，最后处理。

所有的定语从句在考研英语的阅读理解中，划分限

制性和非限制性事没有意义的。

有意义的是定语从句指代的先行词为何。 He is a honest man.

He is a man who is honest. He, who is honest, is a man. 例句1：

If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product. 例句2：

Committee--a group of men who individually can do nothing but as a group decide that nothing can be done.

3.of 的定语后置 例句1：

Any fool can tell the truth, but it requires a man of some sense to know how to lie well.

例句2：

The secret of life is to appreciate the pleasure of being terribly, terribly deceived.

例句3：

Eccentricity is not, as dull people would have us believe, a form of madness. It is often a kind of innocent pride, and the man of genius and the aristocrat are frequently regarded as eccentrics because genius and aristocrat are entirely unafraid of and uninfluenced by the opinions and vagaries of the crowd.

例句4：

The only difference between a genius and one of common capacity is that the former anticipates and explores what the latter accidentally hits upon; but even the man of genius himself more frequently employs the advantages that chance presents him; it is the lapidary who gives value to the diamond which the peasant has dug up without knowing its value.

进行句子结构分析时，采取剥洋葱式的结构分析方法，先抓主干，层层剥皮。

第一层皮是整个复杂句的核心主谓宾：

第二层乃至于以后的每一层皮象征成句子中的一个个的语法单位。

4. 并列句

如果句子中有and 就肯定有并列；如果句子中有and,

就从and 后面的内容往前找它并列的成分。 5．分词

a. 分词____, 主语____, b. 主语____, 分词____,

c. 分词____, 主语____, 分词____, d. 分词做定语（定语从句的省略） 6. 状语从句，主语从句以及宾语从句

I believe…, sb agree that…, He figures that…, consider, deem, reckon, regard as, look upon as, hold, take for, think 这些动词都要翻译成“认为”。

IV. 剥洋葱式句法结构分析

步骤1：判断一句话中有几个洋葱构成

1.如果一句话中有and 或or, 并且and 或or 前后是句子并列，那么前后独立构成一个洋葱分开剥皮。 2.看有没有but和yet, 如果有，那么前后独立构成一个洋葱分开剥皮。

3.看句子里有没有特殊的标点符号，包括分号、冒号和破折号，如果有，说明他们前后的句子独立各自成为洋葱。

冒号：从命题角度看，如果题目设问在冒号的前面，答案往往在冒号的后面。

从处理长难句句子结构来看，冒号前后各自独立成为一个洋葱。

步骤2：对每一个洋葱分别剥皮，必须从第一层开始

剥（核心是主谓宾），以后依次每一个独立语法就构成一层皮；

步骤3：把每层皮分别翻译成中文

步骤4：用设问的方法将这些句子串联成复杂句 1994年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 Text 1

The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterprise, market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most. 第一层皮：

market-oriented economy: 市场导向经济 largely: 在很大程度上

by: 通过…方式，介词+名词/动名词在句子中扮演状语的结构

for 后面加句子或者用逗号隔开是“因为”的意思，后面加名词或者名词性短语有“为了……”“对于…..”的意思

Private businessmen, striving to make profits, produce these goods and services in competition with other businessmen; and the profit motive, operating under competitive pressures, largely determines how these goods and services are produced. 第一层皮：

Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it. 第一层皮：

An important factor in a market-oriented economy is the mechanism by which consumer demands can be expressed and responded to by producers. 第一层皮：

In the American economy, this mechanism is provided by a price system, a process in which prices rise and fall in response to relative demands of consumers and supplies offered by seller-producers. 第一层皮：

If the product is in short supply relative to the demand, the price will be bid up and some consumers will be eliminated from the market. If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product. Thus, price is the regulating mechanism in the American economic system.

百度搜索“77cn”或“免费范文网”即可找到本站免费阅读全部范文。收藏本站方便下次阅读，免费范文网，提供经典小说综合文库2011考研阅读宝典在线全文阅读。