动词部分
1．accuse / charge
accuse 和charge都有“指责，控告”之意，有时可通用，但结构不一样。accuse不一定针对重大过失或罪行，其结构为accuse sb of sth。而charge一般用于重大过失或罪行，其结构为charge sb with sth，此结构还有“使某人负有??责任”之意。
My father accused me of my being too careless. 父亲责备我太粗心。 He accused me of neglecting my duty. 他指控我玩忽职守。 He charged me with neglecting my duty. 他指控我玩忽职守。 Jimmy was charged with murder. 吉米被控谋杀。
He was charged with an important task. 他担负有一项重要任务。 2．add / add to / add up / add up to
add：增加，把??加上。add?to?：把??加到。 At the end of the party, we added another program. You needn’t add any water to the medicine. add to：增添。指增添喜悦、悲伤、麻烦等。
His coming added to our trouble. 他的到来给我们添了麻烦。 add up：加起来。
Have you added up all the numbers?
add up to：总计。表示加起来的结果，无被动结构。 All the numbers added up to 100. 3．advise / suggest advise：建议，劝说。
I advised (his) trying again. (= suggest)
I advised that we (should) try again. (= suggest，虚拟语气。) I advised him to give up smoking. I advised him not to smoke.
Could you advise us on how to learn English?
Could you give us some advice on how to learn English? suggest：建议，表明，暗示。
We suggest having a meeting at once. (= advise)
We suggest that a meeting (should) be held at once. (= advise，虚拟语气。
His pale face suggests that he is in poor health. 他那苍白的脸色表明他身体欠佳。 4．agree with / agree to / agree on
agree with：同意，赞成后接“人”或what从句作宾语；适合，适应；一致。 I don’t quite agree with you.
Nobody agreed with what he had said at the meeting.
The weather here doesn’t agree with most of us. 这里的天气我们多数人不适应。 3：Your words do not agree with your actions. 你的言行不一。 agree to：同意，赞成。指一方同意另一方的意见、建议、观点、想法等。 John can’t agree to Joe’s idea.
agree on：对??达成共识。指双方或多方对某事取得一致意见。 Finally John and Joe agreed on the plan. 5．allow / permit / let / promise
allow：允许，许可。指听任或默许，也可用来表示客气的请求。
Who allowed you to leave the camp？ Smoking is not allowed here.
Please allow me to introduce myself to you. permit：允许，许可。通常指正式的许可。
He declared that he would permit me to do so.
allow 和 permit 的含义虽然有所差别，但实际运用中两者常通用。
let：允许，让。其后的宾语补足语应是不带to的不定式。一般不用于被动语态。 Don’t let this happen again.
This is not allowed to happen again. 不说：This is not let to happen again. promise：答应，允诺。用于主动答应自己要做什么的场合。 They promised an immediate reply. He promised to start at once.
I promised him to see to the matter right away.
(我答应他马上处理这件事。不定式to see to 是主语I发出的。) 6．announce / declare
announce：宣布，宣告。常指首次公开或正式宣布人们关心的某件事情。 The government announced that the danger was past.
It was announced that the national science conference would soon be held in Beijing. 另外，要表达“向某人宣布某事”，应用announce to sb sth。后接to sb的动词还有say，explain等。
He announced to us the news and then said to us, “Now let me explain to you in details.” 他向我们宣布了这个消息，然后对我们说：“现在让我详细给你们解释吧。” declare：宣布，声明。指以正式的话语公开宣布某件事。
The chairman declared the exhibition open. 主席宣布展览会开幕。 7．answer / reply answer：回答，回应。 “Tom!” No one answered.
Please answer the door-bell. 请去开门。 He answered that he knew nothing about it． No one was able to answer him a word．
reply：回答，答复。作不及物动词时，后需接to再接宾语；作及物动词时，后直接接that从句或what从句，或用于倒装句。
He replied to me, “I need the answer to the exercise.” He replied that he would not go．
Not a word did she reply．她一句话也不应。 answer当名词用时，与reply一样，要接to。 He made no answer / reply to his questions. 8．appear / look / seem
appear：显得，好像。有时含有表面上显得，而事实未必的意味。 This kind of apples appears good, but in fact it tastes sour. 这种苹果看起来好，实际吃起来酸。
seem：好像。暗示判断有一定根据，往往接近事实。
You seem to have made the same mistake again this time. 你这次似乎又犯了同样的错误。
It seems that it is going to rain soon. look：好像。表示凭感觉做出的判断。 What’s wrong with you? You look pale. It looks like rain. 看来要下雨了。 9．argue / quarrel
argue：辩论，争论。指提出理由或论据以支持或反驳某种意见或主张，着重说理。如： What are you arguing about？ I argued with him the whole day. quarrel：争论，争吵，吵架。
It’s unwise to quarrel with your boss about that. 为那件事同你老板争吵是不明智的。 10．arrive / reach / get
arrive，reach和get都有“到达”的意思。arrive通常与介词at或in连用，它和reach是比较正式的用语；reach是及物动词；get通常与介词to连用，在口语中常用。arrive和get后接副词如here, there, home等时，不用介词。reach和arrive at还有“达成协议，做出决定”的意思。 When we arrived at the station, the train had left. At five, they arrived in Beijing.
The letter didn’t reach me until yesterday. At what time did you get to the post office?
The two sides failed to reach / arrive at an agreement after several hours’ discussion. 几个小时的讨论后，双方还是没能达成一致意见。 11．ask / inquire / question
ask：问ask sb sth或ask sth of sb；请求ask sb to do sth；要，索取ask for sth。 May I ask you some questions? Why did he ask you to come again? Did he ask for anything?
inquire：问，询问。它与ask同义，但是比较正式的用语；与into连用时，表示“查究，调查”的意思。
I have inquired of him whether he could help me. 我已经问过他能否帮我。 We must inquire into the matter. ＝look into，我们必须调查此事。 question：提问，质问，审问，怀疑。
At first the girls read a chapter from their books, and then the teacher began to question them.
I question whether he was once questioned by the police. 我怀疑他是否曾被警方审问过。 12．be about to do sth / be to do sth
be about to do：即将，正要做??。不加任何时间短语。 We were about to start when suddenly it began to rain. be to do：计划，约定；应该。 We are to start tomorrow.
What is to be done next？下一步做什么？ 13．be careful of / be careful with be careful of：小心，当心，留神，注意。
The public were warned to be careful of rats. 公众被警告要当心老鼠。 be careful with：细心，注意。指细心地处理或对付某人或某事。
You’d better be careful with your work / pronunciation. 你得注意你的工作/发音。 14．be familiar with / be familiar to be familiar with：对??熟悉。
Most of us are familiar with the pop star.
John was very familiar with this kind of situation. be familiar to：对??来说是熟悉的；为??所熟知。 The pop star is familiar to most of us.
This kind of situation was all too familiar to John. (=very familiar) 15．be known for / be known as / be known to be known for：因??而出名。 Our town is known for its stones. be known as：作为??而出名。 The town is known as a stone town. be known to：被??知晓，了解。
The hot spring city is known to every one of them.
16．be made of (from / out of) / be made into / be made up / be made up of be made of：由??制成。用于由产品可以看出原材料。 The desk is made of wood.
be made from：由??制成。用于由产品看不出原材料。 Paper is made from wood. be made out of：由??制成。
The desk / Paper is made out of wood. be made into：制成??。
Wood can be made into desks / paper. be made up：由??编成。
Don’t believe him; the whole story was made up. 别信他的，整个过程都是捏造的。 be made up of (=consist of)：由??组成。
This desk is made up of / consists of twelve pieces of wood. 17．be tired of / be tired from / be tired out be / get tired of：对??厌倦。
I am really tired of your words! 你的话我听腻了！ be tired from：因??疲倦。
I was so tired from climbing the hill that I fell asleep the moment my head touched the pillow. 我爬山太累了，所以头一碰枕头/一躺下就睡着了。 be tired out：筋疲力尽。相当于be worn out。
We were tired out when we climbed over the high mountain. 18．believe / believe in / depend on
believe：相信指信某人的言语；认为相当于be sure。 Don’t believe him; he’s lying. 别听他的，他在说谎。 I believe they’ll succeed in the end.
believe in：信任指胜任某人；信仰指信仰真理、主张、宗教等。 Don’t believe in him; he’s always lying. 不可信任他，他老说谎。
I believe what she said, but I don’t believe in her. 我相信她所说的，但我不信任她。 We must work, and above all we must believe in ourselves.
我们得工作，最重要的是我们得信任自己。 Most of them believe in God.
depend on：信任相当于believe in或trust；依靠相当于live on；取决于。 He is a man to depend on / believe in / trust. 他是个可信任的人。 Do you still depend on / live on your parents? 你还靠父母吗？ Everything depends on the weather tomorrow. 一切取决于明天的天气。 19．borrow / lend
borrow：借，借用。指借入，不带双宾语。结构：borrow sth from sb。 Can I borrow your pen?
He borrows money from me frequently.
lend：把??借给。指借出，可带双宾。结构：lend sb sth =lend sth to sb。 Could you lend me your pen? Will you lend your bike to me？ 20．bring / take / fetch / get / carry bring：带来。
Bring the book here tomorrow. take：拿走。
Don’t take the magazines out of the reading-room. fetch：去拿来。
Go downstairs and fetch me some water. get：去拿来。与fetch同义，但较口语化。
She got him a good doctor. 她为他请来了一位好医生。 carry：携带。指随身携带，如捧、抱、扛、运等。 He carried a bag of rice on his shoulder.
He often carries a pocket dictionary when he goes out. 他出门时经常带着一本袖珍词典。 21．build / put up / set up
build：建设，建筑。常用于建造房屋、桥梁、道路等，也用于建设国家、城市等。如： A new bridge was built in this village last month. We are building a socialist country.
put up：建设，搭建。侧重于搭盖临时性的建筑物；在现代英语中，可与build通用。还有“张贴，挂起，举起”等意思。
They had to put up the tents before dark.
If you have any questions, please put up (=raise) your hands. Why not put up a notice on the wall there?
set up：建设，创建。常用于创立组织、机构、团体、学校、工厂、公司等。 Another night school was set up. 又一所夜校建起来了。
They set up a committee to look into the matter. (他们成立了委员会来调查这件事。) 22．care / mind
care：关切，忧虑，在乎。care about：在乎，关心。care for：喜欢，照顾。 He failed in the exam, but he doesn’t seem to care (about it). 他没能通过考试，但他似乎一点也不在乎。 Tom doesn’t care what they say.
He cares about nothing but money. 他只在乎钱。
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