上海外语教育出版社TEM8人文知识与改错 3语言学

上海外语教育出版社 TEM 8人文知识与改错

主编 李战子 王萍

第三部分 语言学

第一章 概述

概述练习

Unit 1

1. Syntax is the study of _______. (2005年真题)

A. language functions B. sentence structures C. textual organization D. word formation

2. Which of the following is NOT a distinctive feature of human language? (2005年真题) A. Arbitrariness B. Productivity C. Cultural transmission D. Finiteness

3. The distinction between parole and language is made by _______. （2006年真题）

A. Halliday B. Chomsky C. Bloomfield D. Saussure

4. The discription of a language at some point in history is called a _______ study.

A. prescriptive B. synchronic C. descriptive D. diachronic 5. _______ is the study of language in relation to the mind.

A. Historical linguistics B. Psycholinguistics C. Semantics D. Morphology

6. Which of the following theories is NOT about the origin of language?

A. Divine-origin theory B. Speech act theory C. Invention theory D. Evolution theory 7. The function of the sentence “A nice day, isn’t it?” is _______.

A. directive B. informative C. phatic D. emotive 8. _______ is regarded as “father of modern linguistics”.

A. Halliday B. Whorf C. Saussure D. Chomsky

9. The study which applies the findings of linguistics to teaching English as a foreign language is often referred to as _______.

A. psycholinguistics B. applied linguistics C. pragmatics D. sociolinguistics

Unit 2

1. _______ refers to the study of the internal structure of words and the rules of word formation. (2007年真题)

A. Phonology B. Morphology C. Semantics D. Sociolinguistics 2. Which of the following is NOT a design feature of human language? (2008年真题)

A. Arbitrariness B. Displacement C. Duality D. Diachronicity

3. The study of the mental processes of language comprehension and production is _______. (2009年真题)

A. corpus linguistics B. sociolinguistics C. theoretical linguistics D. psycholinguistics 4. _______ is the knowledge of the rules of an ideal speaker’s language.

A. Performance B. Capacity C. Ability D. Competence 5. Which of the following is NOT a major branch of linguistics?

A. Phonetics. B. Pragmatics. C. Speech. D. Sociolinguistics 6. The fact that different language have different words for the same object is a good illustration of the _______ feature of language.

A. duality B. displacement C. arbitrariness D. productivity

7. In traffic lights, red can only mean stop. But in human language, limited phonemes can form numerous words which can form unlimited sentences. This is a good illustration of the _______ feature of language.

A. duality B. displacement C. arbitrariness D. cultural transmission 8. In linguistics, the study of meaning is called _______.

A. phonology B. morphology C. semantics D. sociolinguistics 9. The study of language as a whole is usually called _______.

A. applied linguistics B. sociolinguistics C. general linguistics D. psycholinguistics

Unit 3

1. Which of the following modes of study emphasizes the “standards” of language?

A. Descriptive B. Prescriptive C. Synchronic D. Diachronic 2. The distinction between competence and performance is made by _______.

A. Saussure B. Bloomfield C. Sapir D. Chomsky 3. Which of the following does NOT belong to the Indo-European family?

A. French. B. Bengali. C. Chinese. D. Polish.

4. That language can be used to refer to things that are not present in time or space is a good illustration of the _______ feature of language.

A. duality B. displacement C. arbitrariness D. productivity

5. _______ refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all members of a speech community.

A. Dialect B. Parole C. Langue D. Performance 6. Which of the following statements about language is NOT true?

A. Language is a system. B. Language is symbolic. C. Animals also have languages. D. Language is arbitrary.

7. The fact that we can always write new sentences to express our new ideas is a good illustration of the _______ feature of language.

A. duality B. displacement C. arbitrariness D. productivity

8. According to Saussure, _______ refers to the real utterances produced by real people in real situation.

A. performance B. langue C. parole D. competence 9. The study of the relationship between language and gender is in the realm of _______.

A. psycholinguistics B. sociolinguistics C. pragmatics D. applied linguistics

Unit 1 BDDBBBCCB Unit2 BDDDCCACC Unit3 BDCBCCDCB

第二章 语音学和音系学

第三章 形态学

形态学练习

Unit 1

1. _______ is the minimal unit of meaning.

A. Phoneme B. Morpheme C. Allomorph D. Allophone 2. The plural affix in the word apples is a(n) _______.

A. derivational suffix B. inflectional suffix C. root D. free morpheme 3. The word lab, which comes from laboratory, is created through _______.

A. blending B. clipping C. back formation D. derivation 4. Which of the following words is a compound?

A. WTO B. babysit C. hospitalize D. smog

5. The word holiday used to mean “holy day”, but now it means “a day for rest”. This is an example of _______.

A. meaning-shift B. widening of meaning C. narrowing of meaning D. loss of meaning 6. Which of the following words contains an inflectional morpheme?

A. weary B. pears C. friendly D. manifestation 7. Which of the following words does NOT belong to open class?

A. beat B. drama C. and D. clever 8. _______ is NOT a grammatical category of English verbs.

A. Tense B. Aspect C. Number D. Gender 9. When the suffix ______ is added to a verb, it changes this verb into an adjective.

A. –er B. –ness C. –less D. –fully

Unit 2

1. The smallest functioning unit in the composition of words is called ______.

A. word B. morpheme C. affix D. root

2. The word transistor, which comes from transfer and resister, is created through _______.

A. blending B. clipping C. back information D. derivation 3. The word televise, which comes from television, is created through _______.

A. blending B. clipping C. back information D. derivation 4. The word knight used to mean “youth”, but now it means “a medieval gentleman-soldier”. This is an example of _______.

A. meaning-shift B. widening of meaning C. narrowing of meaning D. loss of meaning 5. Which of the following affixes differs from others?

A. –ly B. –tion C. –ed D. –ful 6. Open class of words include the following categories EXCEPT _______.

A. verbs B. adjectives C. conjunctions D. nouns

7. _______ modify the meaning and in many cases change the part of speech of the original word.

A. Inflectional affixes B. Derivational affixes C. Affixes D. Suffixes 8. _______ is NOT a grammatical category of English pronouns.

A. Case B. Aspect C. Number D. Gender

Unit 3

1. The word WTO, which stands for World Trade Organization, is created through _______. A. blending B. clipping C. acronym D. derivation 2. Which of the following contains an inflectional morpheme? A. walking B. imagination C. probability D. derivation 3. Which of the following contains a derivational morpheme?

A. walking B. imagination C. apple D. passed 4. The word kung fu is created through _______.

A. blending B. clipping C. acronym D. borrowing 5. All words contain a _______. A. bound morpheme B. root C. suffix D. prefix 6. In the word “multifunctional”, which is the root? A. mul B. function C. func D. al

7. The word bead originally means “prayer”, but later it refers to “the prayer bead”, the visible manifestation of a prayer, finally “small, ball-shaped piece of glass, metal or wood”. This is an example of _______.

A. meaning-shift C. narrowing of meaning 8. _______ convey grammatical meaning. A. Inflectional affixes C. Prefixes BBBBBBCDC BACCCCBB CABDBCAA

B. widening of meaning D. loss of meaning B. Derivational affixes D. Suffixes

第四章 句法学

第五章 语义学

第六章 语用学

第七章 社会语言学

社会语言学练习

Unit 1

1. The distinctive features of a speech variety may be all the following EXCEPT _______. (2007年真题) A. lexical B. syntactic C. phonological D. psycholinguistic 2. A special language variety that mixes language and is used by speakers of different languages for purposes of trading is called _______. (2009年真题) A. dialect B. idiolect C. pidgin D. register

3. Language varieties that are appropriate for use in particular speech situation such as formal and informal situations are called _______. A. gender varieties B. education varieties C. register varieties D. age varieties

4. With regard to speech variety, sociolinguists are particularly interested in all the following EXCEPT _______. A. regional dialects B. social dialects C. figures of speech D. registers

5. When a pidgin language is adopted by a community as its primary language, it is called _______. A. creole B. dialect C. lingua franca D. slang

6. If two varieties of the same language exist side by side in a community with each having a definite role to play, this is called _______.

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