C．nuclear war has already been understood by people
D．imitational agreements can be reached more easily now
D
Only two countries in the advanced world provide no guarantee for paid leave from work to care for a news born child．Last spring one of the two, Australia, gave up the dubious distinction by establishing paid family leave starting in 2011．I wasn't surprised when this didn't make the news here in the United States - we're now the only wealthy country without such a policy．
The United States does have one explicit family policy, the Family and Medical Leave Act, passed in 1993．It entitles workers to as much as 12 weeks' unpaid leave for care of a newsboy or dealing with a family medical problem．In spite of the modesty of the benefit, the Chamber of Commerce and other business groups fight it bitter]y, describing it as "government-run personnel management" and a "dangerous precedent（先例）"．In fact, every step of the way, as Democratic leaders have tried to introduce work-family balance measures into the lax, business groups have been strongly opposed．
As Yale law professor Anne Alcott argues, justifying parental support depends on defining the Family as a social good that, ill some sense, society must pay for．In her book No Exit: What Parents Owe Their Children and What Society Owes Parents, she argues that parents are burdened in many ways in their lives: there is '"no exit" when it comes to children. “Society expects - and needs -parents to provide their children with continuity of care, meaning the intensive, intimate care that hum art beings need to develop their intellectual, emotional and moral capabilities, And society expects- and needs - parents to persist in their roles for 18 years, or longer if needed．"
While most parents do this out of love, there are public punishments for not providing care．What parents do, in other words, is of deep concern to the state, for the obvious reason that caring for children is not only morally urgent but essential for the future of society．The state recognizes this in the large body of family laws that govern children's welfare, yet parents receive
By M_sapphire
little help in meeting the life-changing responsibilities society imposes．To classify parenting as a personal choice for which there is no collective responsibility is not merely to ignore the social benefits of good parenting; really, it is to steal those benefits because they accrue（不断积累） to the whole of society as today's children become tomorrow's productive citizens, In fact, by some estimates, the value of parental investments in children, investments of time and money （including lost wages）, is equal to 20-30% of entire domestic product．If these investments generate huge social benefits - as they clearly do – the benefits of providing more social support for the family should be that much clearer．
67．What do we learn about paid fancily leave from the first paragraph?
A．America is now the only developed country without the policy．
B．Its meaning was clarified when it was established in Australia．
C．It came as a surprise when Australia adopted the policy.
D．It has now become a hot topic in the United States．
68．What is Professor Anne Alcott’s argument for parental support?
A．The cost of raising children in the U．S．has been growing．
B．The U. S．should keep up with other developed countries,
C．Good parenting benefits society．
D．Children need continuous care．
69．What does the author think of America’s large body of family Yaws governing children's
welfare?
A．They fail to ensure children’s healthy growth．
B．They fail to provide enough support for parents,
C．They emphasize parents' legal responsibilities．
D．They impose the care of children on parents,
70．Why does the author object to classifying parenting as a personal choice?
A．It is regarded as a legal obligation．
B．It relies largely on social support．
C．It is basically a social undertaking．
D．It produces huge social benefits．
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从其后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余 项。
Lack of sleep "switches off’genes
One week of bad sleep can "switch off” hundreds of genes and raise the risk of a host of illnesses which iS linked to higher bodyweights or heart disease, scientists claim． Getting fewer than six hours' sleep per night can switch off genes in the body according to a new study．
Our bodies depend on genes to produce a constant supply of proteins which are used to replace or repair damaged tissue, but after a week of lacking in sleep some of genes stopped workingScientists from Surrey University divided 26 volunteers into two groups, one of which slept for less than six hours per night for a whole week, and one which slept for ten hours per night．At the end of the week each group was kept awake for 40 hours and donated blood samples, which were studied to examine the effects of their sleep states．7
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