数控车床传动系统的设计

专科科毕业设计（论文）

题目：

计

院 （系）： 机电工程学院 专 业： 机械设计及其自动化 班 级： 姓 名： 学 号： 指导教师

2012年06月

数控车床纵向进给伺服传动系统的设

摘要

数控车床纵向进给伺服传动系统的设计

摘要

本课题为数控车床纵向进给伺服传动系统的设计。经济型数控车床就是指价格低廉、操作使用方便、比较适合我国国情的，动化的机床。采用数控机床，可以降低工人的劳动强度，节省劳动力（一个人可以看管多台机床），减少工装，缩短新产品试制周期和生产周期，可对市场需求作出快速反应。在设计的时候具体进行了详细的各部件的选型和计算。比如：导轨的设计选型、滚珠丝杠螺母副的选型与计算。还进行了进给传动系统的刚度计算、进给传动系统的误差分析、驱动电机的选型计算、驱动电机与滚珠丝杠的联接、驱动电机与进给传动系统的动态特性分析等。

关键词：数控化,进给系统,滚珠丝杠,伺服电机

I

摘要

Numerical control lathe to servo drive system longitudinal

into the design

Abstract

The topic for the CNC lathe longitudinal servo drive system design. Economic type CNC lathe is a low price, convenient operation and use, is suitable for the national conditions of our country, the move of the machine tool. The use of CNC machine tools, can reduce the labor intensity of workers, labor saving ( one can look after more than one machine), reduce tooling, shorten new product development cycle and the production cycle, the market demand for rapid response. When the design of specific detail each component selection and calculation. For example: the design selection guide, ball screw pair selection and calculation. Also performed a feed system rigidity calculation, feed transmission system error analysis, the calculation and selection of the driving motor, driving motor and ball screw coupling, the drive motor and the feed drive system dynamic characteristics analysis.

Key words:：NC, feed system, ball screw, Servo motor

II

1 绪论 ................................................. 6

1.1毕业设计题目......................................................................................................... 6 1.2毕业设计的目的...................................................................................................... 6 1.3题目背景................................................................................................................. 6 1.4研究意义................................................................................................................. 6 1.5国内相关研究情况................................................................................................. 6 1.6 毕业设计（论文）的主演内容与要求................................................................ 7

1.6.1毕业论文的主要内容 ............................................................................................................... 7 1.6.2毕业论文的要求 ....................................................................................................................... 7

2 总体方案论证 ......................................... 8

3 滚珠丝杠的设计与计算 ................................. 10

3.1滚珠丝杠副的工作原理及其特点....................................................................... 10

3.1.1工作原理 ................................................................................................................................. 10 3.1.2滚珠丝杠副的特点 ................................................................................................................. 10

3.2 确定滚珠丝杠的导程Ph..................................................................................... 11 3.3 滚珠丝杠副的载荷及转速计算.......................................................................... 11

3.3.1工作载荷F .............................................................................................................................. 11 3.3.2 最小载荷Fmin ....................................................................................................................... 12 3.3.3 最大工作载荷Fmax ............................................................................................................... 12 3.3.4 当量载荷Fm与当量转速nm ................................................................................................. 12

3.4预期额定动载荷................................................................................................... 12 3.5滚珠丝杠的最大允许轴向变形量....................................................................... 12 3.6估算滚珠丝杠的底径d2m.................................................................................... 13

4 刚度的计算 .......................................... 14

4.1 丝杠轴向刚度计算............................................................................................ 14

4.1.1双推—支承安装丝杠的轴向刚度 ......................................................................................... 14

3

4.1.2双推—双推安装丝杠的轴向刚度 ....................................................................................... 15 4.2.2带预压载荷的双螺母轴向刚度 ............................................................................................. 16

4.3支承轴承的刚度KB............................................................................................... 16 4.4 螺母及轴承支承部件的刚度KH 4.5进给滚珠丝杠副的扭转刚度........... 16 4.6进给滚珠丝杠副的传动刚度............................................................................... 17 4.7本丝杠副刚度的计算结果................................................................................... 18

4.7.1丝杠轴向刚度计算 ................................................................................................................. 18 4.7.2计算螺母刚度 ......................................................................................................................... 18 4.7.3计算支承轴承刚度 ................................................................................................................. 19 4.7.4螺母支架及轴承座刚度KH ..................................................................................................... 19 4.7.5丝杠扭转刚度 ......................................................................................................................... 19 4.7.6计算系统传动刚度 ................................................................................................................. 19

5 滚珠丝杠校核 ........................................ 21

5.1滚珠压杆稳定性计算........................................................................................... 21 5.2滚珠压杆极限转速计算....................................................................................... 21 5.3验算额定静载荷................................................................................................... 21 5.4 额定寿命的校核.................................................................................................. 21

6 电机的设计计算 ...................................... 23

6.1正常情况下电动机驱动扭矩Tm.......................................................................... 23

6.1.1负载扭矩Ta ............................................................................................................................ 23 6.1.2预压扭矩Td ............................................................................................................................ 23 6.1.3轴承扭矩Tb ............................................................................................................................ 23

6.2 加速状况下电机驱动扭矩T′........................................................................... 23

6.2.1 电机惯性矩计算（J1） ........................................................................................................ 23 6.2.2 滚珠丝杆惯性矩计算（J2） ................................................................................................ 24 6.2.3 负荷惯性矩计算（J3） ........................................................................................................ 24

6.3 总电机扭矩Tmax................................................................................................. 24

7 电机的校核 .......................................... 25

7.1所需启动转矩Tp的校核：................................................................................. 25

4

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