某城市5万吨污水处理厂工艺设计

内蒙古工业大学本科毕业设计说明书

摘 要

随着我国国民经济的高速发展和改革开放的不断深入，城市生产力不断增大，与此同时，城市人口数也不断增加。城市速发展每天都会产生的大量污水，若不及时进行收集处理，将严重影响人们的正常的生活。而且我国又是一个严重缺水的国家，水资源分布不平衡，因此大规模建设污水处理厂，将污染物水平降低到符合国家排水的相关规定，有效防止河流被污染，有效的缓解我国水资源紧缺的现状十分重要。

此次任务对北方某城市5.0万m3/d污水处理厂进行工艺设计，由水质分析可知，该城市污水水量大，污染物水平高。因此主体工艺选择UASB+氧化沟工艺，UASB工艺的优点是污泥床内生物量多，容积负荷率高，废水在反应器内的水力停留时间较短，适合处理污染物浓度高的水质。经UASB池处理后的污水，其污染物浓度降到一定水平，但还不能达标排放，在其后再加上氧化沟工艺，便可达到目标排放要求。氧化沟工艺流程简单、污泥产生量少、管理维护简单等，去除COD、BOD5等主要污染物效率极高，而且适合处理大规模水量。由于污水中动植物油浓度很高，因此在主体处理工艺前设计了隔油池和气浮池等。在二级处理工艺后又设了一个超级膜工艺，用于对部分污水作进一步处理。二级三级出水均达到目标要求。

关键词：城市污水；UASB；DE氧化沟；深度处理；工艺设计

内蒙古工业大学本科毕业设计说明书

Abstract

With the development of our national economy and the deepening of the reform and opening，urban productivity is Increasing constantly, the population is increasing at the same time. Large amounts of sewage will be produced everyday in the city, without collection and processing timely, this sewage will affect people's normal life seriously. China is also a serious water shortage country, and is unbalanced of water resources, so building large-scale sewage treatment plants for reducing the level of pollutants to meet the relevant provisions of the national drainage，Preventing the rivers be polluted and easing of current situation of China's water shortage effectively is very important. It is suitable for handling large-scale water.

The mission is to design a process of sewage treatment plant for the northern city of 50,000 m3 per day. By the analysis of the water quality, we can see that the amount of urban sewage is large and the concentration of pollutants is high. So we choose UASB and oxidation ditch to be our main process. The advantage of UASB is the amount of biomass in the sludge bed is large, and the burden rate of volumetric is high, and the time of its HRT is short. It is suitable deal with high concentrations of pollutants. After the process of UASB, the concentrations of pollutants is reduced to a certain level, but it is also can not meet the discharge standards. This can be solved to add a oxidation ditch after the UASB. The oxidation ditch is chosen for the process f is simple, the amount of sludge production is small and it is easy to manage, The removal of COD, BOD5 and other major pollutants is also extremely high. The oxidation ditch is suitable for large amount of sewage. We also design grease traps and flotation tanks before the main process as the concentration of oil is too high .The ultrafiltrations are used for further processing after the secondary treatment. This process all can achieve the requirements.

Keywords: Urban sewage; UASB; DE oxidation ditch; Depth of processing; Process design

内蒙古工业大学本科毕业设计说明书

目 录

引 言 ................................................................. 1 第一章 设计任务及资料 .................................................. 2

1.1 设计任务 ........................................................ 2 1.2 设计目的及意义 .................................................. 2 1.3 设计原则 ........................................................ 2 1.4 设计资料 ........................................................ 2 1.5 设计依据 ........................................................ 3 第二章 设计方案论证 .................................................... 4

2.1 厂址选择 ........................................................ 4 2.2 污水厂处理流程的选择 ............................................ 4

2.2.1 确定处理流程的原则 ........................................ 4 2.2.2 污水处理流程的选择 ........................................ 4 2.2.3 污水处理流程方案的介绍与比较 .............................. 5 2.2.4 污水处理流程方案的确定 .................................... 6

第三章 一级处理工艺 .................................................... 7

3.1 设计污水水量 .................................................... 7 3.2 污水处理程度计算 ................................................ 7

3.2.1 污水的COD处理程度计算 .................................... 7 3.2.2污水的BOD5处理程度计算 ..................................... 8 3.2.3 污水的SS处理程度计算 ..................................... 8 3.2.4 污水的氨氮处理程度计算 .................................... 8 3.2.5 动植物油的处理程度计算 .................................... 9 3.3 格栅 ............................................................ 9

3.3.1 格栅的设计 ................................................ 9 3.3.2 设计参数 ................................................. 10 3.3.3 格栅的设计计算 ........................................... 10 3.4 提升泵站 ....................................................... 13

3.4.1 泵站设计的原则 ........................................... 13 3.4.2 泵房形式及工艺布置 ....................................... 13 3.4.3 泵房设计计算 ............................................. 13 3.5 沉砂池 ......................................................... 14

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内蒙古工业大学本科毕业设计说明书

3.5.1 曝气沉砂池 ............................................... 14 3.5.2 设计参数 ................................................. 14 3.5.3 曝气沉砂池的设计计算 ..................................... 15 3.5.4 曝气沉砂池曝气计算 ....................................... 17 3.6 隔油池设计 ..................................................... 18

3.6.1 设计参数 ................................................. 18 3.6.2 设计计算 ................................................. 18 3.7 气浮池 ......................................................... 21

3.7.1 设计说明 ................................................. 21 3.7.2 设计参数 ................................................. 22 3.7.3 设计计算 ................................................. 22 3.7.4 上浮液渣排除设备 ......................................... 24

第四章 污水二级处理设计计算 ........................................... 25

4.1 UASB设计 ...................................................... 25

4.1.1 设计说明 ................................................. 25 4.1.2 设计参数 ................................................. 25 4.1.3 设计计算 ................................................. 26 4.1.4 配水系统设计 ............................................. 27 4.1.5 三相分离器设计 ........................................... 29 4.1.6 出水系统设计 ............................................. 32 4.1.7 排泥系统设计 ............................................. 32 4.1.8 理论上每日的污泥量 ....................................... 32 4.1.9 产气量计算 ............................................... 32 4.2 DE型氧化沟工艺计算 ............................................ 32

4.2.1 设计参数 ................................................. 32 4.2.2 DE型氧化沟计算 ........................................... 33 4.2.3 设计参数的较核 ........................................... 35 4.2.4 剩余污泥量计算 ........................................... 35 4.2.5 需氧量计算 ............................................... 36 4.2.6 供气量 ................................................... 37 4.2.7 鼓风微孔曝气器空气管路计算 ............................... 39 4.2.8 鼓风机的选择： ........................................... 39 4.2.9 进出水系统计算 ........................................... 39 4.3 二次沉淀池 ..................................................... 40

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内蒙古工业大学本科毕业设计说明书

4.3.1 设计原则设计参数 ......................................... 40 4.3.2 二沉池设计计算 ........................................... 41 4.4 污泥处理 ....................................................... 46

4.4.1 污泥处理的目的 ........................................... 46 4.4.2 污泥处理的原则 ........................................... 46 4.4.3 集泥池计算 ............................................... 46 4.4.4 浓缩池 ................................................... 47 4.4.5 脱水车间 ................................................. 49 4.4.6 污泥泵的选择 ............................................. 49 4.5 污水的深度处理 ................................................. 50

4.5.1 超滤工艺介绍 ............................................. 50 4.5.2 设计参数 ................................................. 50 4.5.3 超滤设计计算 ............................................. 51

第五章 污水处理厂的布置 ............................................... 53

5.1 污水处理厂平面布置 ............................................. 53

5.1.1 平面布置原则 ............................................. 53 5.1.2 平面布置 ................................................. 53 5.2 污水处理厂高程布置 ............................................. 54

5.2.1 高程布置原则 ............................................. 54 5.2.2 污水处理厂构筑物高程布置计算 ............................. 55 5.2.3 污泥处理构筑物高程布置 ................................... 56

第六章 主要构筑物及经济分析 ........................................... 57

6.1 污水处理厂的主要处理构筑物 ..................................... 57 6.2 处理厂主要附属物 ............................................... 57 6.3 经济分析 ....................................................... 58

6.3.1 材料价格 ................................................. 58 6.3.2 项目总投资 ............................................... 58

结 论 ................................................................. 60 参考文献 .............................................................. 61 谢 辞 ................................................................ 63

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