because表示人们不知道的直接的原因或理由,着重点在从句,其所引导的从句,为全句句意的中心所在。通常用于回答why引出的疑问句,语气最强,除特别强调外,该从句一般位于主句后面。
I didn t go abroad with her because I couldn t afford it.
我没有和她一起出国是因为费用太高。
Don t scamp your work because you are pressed for time.
不要因为时间仓促而马马虎虎。
as引导的原因状语从句所传递的通常是已知信息,从句多位于主句之前,通常可以和since换用。如: As I didn t know the way,I asked a policeman.
我不认识路,因而问警察。
As it is snowing, we shall not climb the mountain.
由于在下雪,我们不去爬山了。
(3) since引导的原因状语从句
since引导的原因状语从句所传递的通常是已知信息,从句多位于主句之前,通常可以和as换用。如: Since traveling by air is much faster,they decided to take a plane.
既然乘飞机旅行快得多,他们就决定坐飞机。
Since you won t help me ,I ll ask someone else.
你既然不帮我,那我就请别人帮忙。
4. 目的状语从句
in order that“为了;以便”。多用于正式文体,通常可以与so that换用。如:
You stopped at Hangzhou in order that they could go around West Lake.
他们在杭州停了下来,以便游览西湖。
The expert spoke slowly in order that everyone should understand.
专家讲得很慢,以便人人听得懂。
so that“为了;以便”。so that通常可以与in order that换用,它所引导的目的状语从句总是放在主句之后,在非正式文体中,常省略that。如:
Speak clearly so that they may understand you.
你要讲得清楚,他们才听得懂。
She wanted tea ready at seven so she could be out by eight.
她要七点钟备好茶点,这样她八点以前就可以出门了。
5. 结果状语从句
(1) so that引导的结果状语从句
① so that引导的结果状语从句只能位于主句之后,中间可以有逗号。如:
Suddenly it began to rain heavily,so that it was almost impossible to carry on driving.
突然下起了大雨,几乎无法继续开车。
Linda phoned me in on arrival so that I know she was safe and sound.
琳达到达后给我打了电话,因而我知道她平安无事。
②“so that”既可引导结果状语从句也可引导目的状语从句。究竟是引导的结果状语从句还是目的状语从句,除了根据句意来判断外,还可根据结构形式来加以判断。若从句前有逗号,一般为结果状语从句,如果从句中有情态动词,通常则为目的状语从句。如:
They started out early, so that they didn t miss the train.
他们早早就出发了,所以没误火车。(结果状语从句)
They started out early so that they would not miss the train.
他们早早出发是为了不误火车。(目的状语从句)
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