大智若愚的圣贤_从弗洛伊德的心理分析理论看辛格的_傻瓜吉姆佩尔

LITERATUREYangChunquan/AGreatSaintAppearingSlowWitted

AGreatSaintAppearingSlowWitted

———AnAnalysisofSinger’sGimpeltheFoolfromFreud’sPsychoanalysis

○Yang

Chunquan

（SchoolofForeignLanguagesandCultures,NingxiaUniversity,Yinchuan750021,China）

［Abstract］ThestoryGimpeltheFoolisaboutthethemeofmorals'returningandtheconflictbetweenbenevolence

andevil,andSingersuccessfullyportraysawisefoolwithoutanyspecialdesires.ThispapertriestointerprettheshortstoryinthelightofFreud'spsychoanalyticaltheoryandthetheoriesofunconsciousnessandpersonalitystruture,andthentheauthorputsforwardtheviewthatGimpelisactuallyagreatsaintinsteadofafool.

［Keywords］Gimpel;fool;Freud;Psychoanalysis;saint

［中图分类号］I106.4［文献标识码］A［文章编号］1672-8610（2009）02-0042-04

GimpeltheFoolisashortstorywrittenbyIsaacBashevis

Singer,acontemporaryAmericanJewishwriterwhowontheNobelPrizein1978.IsaacBashevisSingerwasborninPolandin1904,andhewas“thesonofarabbi,andgrewupintheJewishghettoinWarsawinafamilywheremoneywasscarce,butintellectualstimuliplentiful.”(Singer,page78)GimpeltheFoolisastoryaboutasimplemannamedGimpelwhoiseasytotakein.Heisconsideredbymanytobeafoolbe－causeheisaprettygulliblemanandconstantlyfallingforallkindsoftrickslaidoutbyalmosteveryonearoundhim.Heisanorphan,laterturnedovertoabaker,andalsohasabadtimethere.Whenhedecidestogoofftoanothertown,every－onegetsbusymatch-makingandfinallyGimpelispersuadedtomarryElkawhoisnotvirginpureandhasa“littlebrother”.ElkatreatsGimpelveryrudely.What’smore,thewomanisdisloyaltoherhusbandGimpelallthroughherlife.Shegivesbirthtoaboyonly17weeksafterthewedding.Gimpeldoubtsifthechildishis,buteventuallymanagestobelievethatsomebabiesarebornpremature.GimpelalsocatchesElkahavinganaffairwithsomeoneelse,butlaterpersuadeshimselfintothinkinghehasmadeamistakeanddoneheranunjustice.WhenElkaisdying,shetellsGimpelthetruththatnoneofthesixchildrenareactuallyhis,andshedeceiveshimallthoseyears.OnenightafterElka’sdeathGimpelhasadream,andthenheplanstodeceivethewholetowninhisturnbybakingbreadwithurinemixedinit.Also,Elkaap－pearsinGimpel’sanotherdream,andthushedecidestogiveuphisevilplanandburiesthebread.HethendividesallhismoneyamonghischildrenandleavesFrampoltoliveawan－deringlife.Aftermanyyearsheunderstandsthattherearere－

allynoliesandwhateverdoesn’treallyhappenisdreamedatnight.ThestoryendswithGimpeldyingandgoingtoaplacewhereevenGimpelcannotbedeceived.TofindthementaljourneyofthecharactersinGimpelTheFoolIdecidestoana－lyzetheplotandcharactersfromFreud’spsychoanalysis.

SigmundFreudisafamousAustrianpsychoanalystwhohasfirstusedtheterm“psychoanalysis”anddevelopedthesystematictheoriesofpsychoanalysis.Atfirst,Freuddevelopesthetechniquesof"Psychoanalysis"forthetreatmentofpsycho－logicalandemotionaldisorders,butlaterthetechniquesarealsousedinmanyotherfieldsofsocialscience.Thusthethe－oriesofpsychoanalysishavebocomethetechniquesthatcanbeusedtounderstandhumanbeings’motives,personalitiesandmentalprocesses.Psychologicalcriticismisadiversecat－egorywhichadoptsSigmundFreud’spsychoanalyticaltheoriestoexamineliteraryworks.Freudbelievesahumanbeing’smentalprocessincludesthreelevels---theunconscious,thepreconsciousandtheconscious.

Freudcametoseepersonalityashavingthreeaspects,whichworktogethertoproduceallthecomplexbehaviours:theId,theEgoandtheSuperego.All3componentsneedtobewell-balancedinordertohavegoodamountofpsychologicalenergyavailableandtohavereasonablementalhealth.How－ever,theEgohasadifficulttimedealingwiththecompetingdemandsoftheSuperegoandtheId.Accordingtothepsy－choanalyticview,thispsychologicalconflictisanintrinsicandpervasivepartofhumanexperience.TheconflictbetweentheIdandSuperego,negotiatedbytheEgo,isoneofthefunda－mentalpsychologicalbattlesallpeopleface.Thewayinwhichapersoncharacteristicallyresolvestheinstantgratificationvs.

［作者简介］杨春泉，男，宁夏大学外国语学院讲师，硕士，研究方向：翻译理论与实践。

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