环球雅思入学测试题(6)

9. Children who are bullying sometimes even play truant.

10. A Practical Handbook for Teachers is written by Sharp and Smith, professors of a prestigious university.

Question 11-12

Choose the appropriate letters and write them down in boxes on your answer sheet

11. Why do many parents ignore bullying?

A. They are too busy with their work. B. They think their children are telling a lie.

C. They think bullying and being bullied are rites of passage. D. They believe that bullying does no harm to their children.

12. Which of the following does not belong to bullying?

A. Physical aggression B. Social alienation C. Intimidation D. Vandalism

The Beginning of Electronic Communications

In 1825 British inventor William Sturgeon (1783-1850) exhibited a device that laid the foundations for large-scale electronic communications: the electromagnet. Sturgeon displayed its power by lifting nine pounds with a seven-ounce piece of iron wrapped with wires through which the current of a single cell battery was sent.

In 1830, an American, Joseph Henry (1797-1878), demonstrated the potential of Sturgeon’s device for long-distance communication by sending an electronic current over one mile of wire to activate an electromagnet which caused a bell to strike. Thus the electric telegraph was born. Samuel F. B. Morse (1797-1872), whose sketches of a “magnetized magnet”in operation are shown here, successfully exploited Henry’s invention commercially.

While a professor of arts and design at New York University in 1835, Samuel Morse proved that signals could be transmitted by wire. He used pulses of current to deflect an electromagnet, which moved a marker to produce written codes on a strip of paper---the invention of Morse Code. The following year, the device was modified to emboss the paper with dots and dashes. He gave a public demonstration in 1838, but it was not until five years later that Congress (reflecting public apathy) funded $30,000 to construct an experimental telegraph line from Washington to Baltimore, a distance of 40 miles.

Six years later, members of Congress witnessed the sending and receiving of messages over part of the telegraph line. Before the line had reached Baltimore, the Whig party held its national convention there, and on May 1, 1844, nominated Henry Clay. This news was hand-carried to Annapolis Junction (between Washington and Baltimore) where Morse’s partner, Alfred Vail, wired it to the Capitol. This was the firs news dispatched by electric telegraph. The message,“What hath God wrought?”sent later by “Morse Code”from the old Supreme Court chamber in the United States Capitol to his partner in Baltimore, officially opened the completed line of May 24,1844. Morse

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