考研英语语法归纳和练习(7)

考研英语语法归纳和练习

Few people know he and I were classmates when we were at college.

2．集体名词police, public, militia, cattle ,class ,youth后常用复数形式的动词

The Chinese people are brave and hardworking

The cattle are grazing in the sunshine

3．当表示民族的词与冠词合用当主语，谓语动词用复数形式

The Japanese were once very aggressive

4．某些形容词前面加定冠词表示一类人，做主语时候，谓语动词用复数

The rich are not always selfish

5．不可数名词作主语，其前有表示数量的复数名词修饰时，谓语动词用复数

Three million tons of coal were exported that year

三．谓语动词可用单数，也可以用复数的情况

1． 就近一致原则

这种情况下，谓语动词使用单数还是复数取决于最靠近该动词的主语的单复数，存在这种情况的主要由以下几种可能：

1） 由连词 either…or…; neither…nor…; whether… or…;not only…but (also) ;or 等连接的并列主语

Neither money nor fame has influence on me

Not only you but also he is wrong

2) 在倒装结构中，谓语动词与后面的第一个主语一致

Blocking the open-sided porch, framed by the enveloping fog, stands a tall grave-faced policeman.

Just outside the ruins is a magnificent building surrounded by tall trees.

Although a great number of houses in that area are still in need of repair, there has been improvement in the facili

2． 主语带有（together/along）with, such as, accompanied by, as well as, no less than, except, besides, with, combined with, in addition to , including, together with 等等附加成分，谓语的数不受附加成分的影响仍然与主语保持一致

Professor Taylor , with six of his students ,is attending a conference in Boston organized to compare current practice in the United States with those of other nations.

The president of the college, together with the deans, is planning a conference for the purpose of laying down certain regulations. (1981年考研题)

3．关系代词做主语的定语从句中，谓语的数要与先行词一致。如：

Despite much research, there are still certain elements in the life cycle of the insect that are not fully understood.

（1996年考研题）

There are many valuable services which the public are willing to pay for, but which do not bring a return in money to the community.

（1990年考研题）

4．一些表示数量的短语与名词连用时候，谓语动词的数取决于名词的数，名词是复数，谓语动词用复数，反之就用单数。这些短语包括：a lot of /lots of; plenty of/heaps of; half of; two-third (three-fourth…) of; eighty(ten, twenty…) percent; part of; rest of ; none of 等等 Two-thirds of people present are women

Lots of damage was caused by the fire

5．集体名词作主语时，谓语动词的数取决于主语表示的意思和数，当表示整体时候，谓语动词就用单数，当强调集体中的个体时候，谓语动词就用复数。这些集体名词如：army, audience,

band ,government ,group ,flock, police, public ,staff ,team ,troop. Crowd, firm, family 等等 The family is the basic unit of our society

The family were watching the TV

The audience was enormous

The audience were greatly moved at the words

6．某些固定结构中主语与谓语的数：

第一组：

a great many + 可数名词复数 谓语用复数

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