2012年江苏高考英语试卷及答案解析 - 图文

2012年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试（江苏卷）

英语试题

第二部分: 英语知识运用(共两节, 满分35 分)

第一节: 单项填空 (共15小题; 每小题1分,满分15分)

请认真阅读下面各题, 从题中所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

例: It is generally considered unwise to give a child _______ he or she wants. A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever 答案是B。 21. — Can I help you with it?

— I appreciate your _______, but I can manage it myself. A. advice B. question C. offer D. idea

22. After the flooding, people were suffering in that area, _______urgently needed clean water, medicine and shelter to survive.

A. which B. who C. where D. what 23. Sophia waited for a reply, but _______came.

A. either B. another C. neither D. none 24. — Don’t worry, Mum. The doctor said it was only the flu. —_______! I’ll tell Dad there’s nothing serious.

A. What a relief B. Congratulations C. How surprising D. I’m so sorry 25. There is little doubt in your mind that he is innocent, _______?

A. is there B. isn’t there C. is he D. isn’t he 26. — OK, I’ve had enough of it. I give up.

— You can’t _______your responsibilities.

A. run off with B. run up against C. run out of D. run away from 27. The notice came around two in the afternoon_______ the meeting would be postponed.

A. when B. that C. whether D. how

28. Days later, my brother called to say he was all right, but _______say where he was.

A. mustn’t B. shouldn’t C. wouldn’t D. mightn’t 29. — Thank God you’re safe!

— I stepped back, just _______ to avoid the racing car.

A. in time B. in case C. in need D. in vain 30. One’s life has value _______ one brings value to the life of others.

A. so that B. no matter how C. as long as D. except that

31. _______an important decision more on emotion than on reason, you will regret it sooner or later.

A. Based B. Basing C. Base D. To base

32. The manager is said to have arrived back from Paris where he _______ some European business partners.

A. would meet B. is meeting C. meets D. had met 33. — Honey, the cat’s stuck in the tree. Can you turn off the TV and get a ladder. . . ? — Oh, it jumped off. _______.

A. Never mind B. All right C. No problem D. Take care

34. The president hopes that the people will be better off when he quits than when he_______.

A. has started B. starts C. started D. will start 35. — Happy birthday!

— Thank you! It’s the best present I _______ for.

A. should have wished B. must have wished C. may have wished D. could have wished 第二节: 完形填空(共20 小题; 每小题1 分, 满分20 分)

请认真阅读下面短文, 从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

The concept of solitude (独处) in the digital world is almost non-existent. In the world of digital technology, e-mail, social networking and online video games, information is meant to be____36___. Solitude can be hard to discover ___37____it has been given up. In this respect, new technologies have ___38____our culture.

The desire to be connected has brought solitude to a(n) ___39____as we’ve known it. People have become so ___40____in the world of networks and connections that one can often be contacted ____41___they’d rather not be. Today we can talk, text, e-mail, chat and blog (写博客), not only from our ___42____, but from our mobile phones as well.

Most developed nations have become ___43____on digital technology simply because they’ve grown accustomed to it, and at this point not ___44____it would make them an outsider. ___45____, many jobs and careers require people to be ___46____. From this point of view, technology has changed the culture of work. Being reachable might feel like a ___47____to those who may not want to be able to be contacted at all times.

I suppose the positive side is that solitude is still possible for anyone who ___48____wants it. Computers can be shut ___49____and mobile phones can be turned off. The ability to be “connected”and “ on”has many ___50____, as well as disadvantages. Travelers have ended up ___51____on mountains, and mobile phones have saved countless lives. They can also make people feel ___52____and forced to answer unwanted calls or___53____to unwanted texts.

Attitudes towards our connectedness as a society ___54____ across generations. Some find today’s technology a gift. Others consider it a curse. Regardless of anyone’s view on the subject, it’s hard to imagine what life would be like ___55____daily advancements in technology. 36. A. updated B. received C. shared D. collected 37. A. though B. until C. once D. before 38. A. respected B. shaped C. ignored D. preserved 39. A. edge B. stage C. end D. balance 40. A. sensitive B. intelligent C. considerate D. reachable 41. A. even if B. only if C. as if D. if only 42. A. media B. computers C. databases D. monitors 43. A. bent B. hard C. keen D. dependent 44. A. finding B. using C. protecting D. changing 45. A. Also B. Instead C. Otherwise D. Somehow 46. A. connected B. trained C. recommended D. interested 47. A. pleasure B. benefit C. burden D. disappointment 48. A. slightly B. hardly C. merely D. really 49. A. out B. down C. up D. in 50. A. aspects B. weaknesses C. advantages D. exceptions

51. A. hidden B. lost C. relaxed D. deserted 52. A. trapped B. excited C. confused D. amused 53. A. turn B. submit C. object D. reply 54. A. vary B. arise C. spread D. exist 55. A. beyond B. within C. despite D. without

第三部分: 阅读理解(共15 小题; 每小题2 分, 满分30 分)

请认真阅读下列短文, 从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A

56. According to the survey, people left alone on a desert island would most want their__________. A. MP3 player B. dog C. spouse/ partner D. celebrity 57. Which of the following is true about George Clooney?

A. He has been trained in wilderness survival. B. He may not be able to help you survive. C. He does not think Roseane is beautiful. D. He is the choice of most South African women. 58. The survey results are analyzed in terms of the respondents’ __________. A. sex, age and nationality B. race, nationality and sex C. marriage, age and race D. age, sex and marriage

B

Deputy Agriculture Secretary Kathleen Merrigan sees an epidemic (流行病) sweeping across America’s farmland. It has little to do with the usual challenges, such as flood, rising fuel prices and crop-eating insects. The country’s farmers are getting older, and there are fewer people standing in line to take their place. National agricultural census (普查) figures show that the fastest-growing group of farmers is the part over 65. Merrigan is afraid the average age will be even higher when the 2012 statistics are completed.

Merrigan, a former college professor, is making stops at universities across the country in hopes of encouraging more students to think about careers in agriculture. Aside from trying to stop the graying of America’s farmers, her work is made tougher by a recent blog posting that put agriculture at No. 1 on a list of “useless” college degrees. Top federal agriculture officials are talking about the posting, and it has the attention of agricultural organizations across the country.

“There couldn’t be anything that’s more incorrect,” Merrigan said. “We know that there aren’t enough qualified graduates to fill the jobs that are out there in American agriculture.”

In addition, a growing world population that some experts predict will require 70% more food production by 2050, she said.

“I truly believe we’re at a golden age of agriculture. Global demand is at an all-time record high, and global supplies are at all-time record lows,” said Matt Rush, director of the Texas Farm Bureau. “Production costs are going to be valuable enough that younger people are going to have the opportunity to be involved in agriculture.”

The Department of Agriculture has programs aimed at developing more farmers and at increasing interest in locally grown food. The National Young Farmers’ Coalition has also been pushing for state and federal policy changes to make it easier for new farmers.

Ryan Best, president of Future Farmers of America, has been living out of a suitcase, traveling the country and visiting with high school students about careers in agriculture. The 21-year-old Best hopes his message—that this is a new time in agriculture—will motivate the next generation to turn around the statistics. “Never before have we had the innovations (创新) in technology which have led to agriculture in this country being the most efficient it has ever been,” he said. “There’s really a place for everybody to fit in.”

59. What is the new challenge to American agriculture? A. Fewer and older farmers. B. Higher fuel prices. C. More natural disasters. D. Lower agricultural output.

60. Why is Merrigan visiting universities across the country? A. To draw federal agriculture officials’ attention. B. To select qualified agriculture graduates. C. To clarify a recent blog posting.

D. To talk more students into farming careers.

61. According to Matt Rush, American agriculture will provide opportunities for younger people because__________..

A. the government will cover production costs B. global food supplies will be even lower C. investment in agriculture will be profitable D. America will increase its food export

62. What do the underlined words “to turn around the statistics” in the last paragraph mean? A. To re-analyze the result of the national census. B. To increase agricultural production. C. To bring down the average age of farmers. D. To invest more in agriculture.

C

Medical drugs sometimes cause more damage than they cure. One solution to this problem is to put the drugs inside a capsule, protecting them from the body—and the body from them—until they can be released at just the right spot. There are lots of ways to trigger (引发) this release, including changing temperature, acidity, and so on. But triggers can come with their own risks—burns, for example. Now, researchers in California have designed what could be a harmless trigger to date: shining near-infrared light (NIR, 近红外线) on the drug in the capsule.

The idea of using light to liberate the drug in the capsule isn’t new. Researchers around the globe have developed polymers (聚合物) and other materials that begin to break down when they absorb either ultraviolet (UV, 紫外线) or visible light. But tissues also readily absorb UV and visible light, which means the drug release can be triggered only near the skin, where the light can reach the capsule. NIR light largely passes through tissues, so researchers have tried to use it as a trigger. But few compounds (化合物) absorb NIR well and go through chemical changes.

That changed last year when Adah Almutairi, a chemist at the University of California, San Diego, reported that she and her colleagues had designed a polymer that breaks down when it absorbs NIR light. Their polymer used a commercially available NIR-absorbing group called o-nitrobenzyl (ONB). When they catch the light, ONB groups fall off the polymer, leading to its breakdown. But ONB is only a so-so NIR absorber, and it could be poisonous to cells when it separates from the polymer.

So Almutairi and her colleagues reported creating a new material for capsules that’s even better.This one consists of a long chain of compounds called cresol groups linked in a polymer. Cresol contains reactive(易反应的) components that make it highly unstable in its polymeric form, a feature Almutairi and her colleagues use to their advantage. After polymerizing the cresols, they cap each reactive component with a light-absorbing compound called Bhc. When the Bhcs absorb NIR light, the reactive groups are exposed and break the long polymer into two short chains. Shining additional light

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