热力发电厂水处理

中英文摘要 水在电厂生产工艺中既是热力设备的工作介质，也是某些热

力设备的冷却介质，水质的好坏直接影响到电厂的经济安全运行的重要因素，所以，做好水处理工作对于电厂而言十分重要。

火力发电厂的用水多来自于江、河、水库等水利资源，这些水源含有有机物、胶体、溶解的盐类及气体等有害物质。其中有些盐类（钙盐和镁盐）进入锅炉会使锅炉的管壁结成污垢，严重时造成管爆事故；如果高压蒸汽把盐类带进汽轮机，还会在高压喷嘴 或汽轮机叶片上沉积，影响汽轮机的出力和效率，严重时造成汽轮机叶片断裂事故。因此为了保证热力系统中有良好的水质，必须对水进行适当的净化处理和严格的监督水汽质量。

社会不断的进步，对电力的需求也日益增加，随着大型火力机组建设规模不断扩大，人们对电厂锅炉补给水的品质提出了更高的要求。水处理的主要任务，

就是改善水质或采取其他措施，以消除由于水质不良引起的危害。 水处理系统设计包括两个方面，一是合理的选择系统，二是进行系统的工艺设计计算。本设计最后选定混凝—澄清—过滤—一级复床除盐—混床系统。其中计算包括：热力设备补给水量计算、水处理系统设备选择（离子交换系统的选择、床型选择和树脂选择）、预处理系统的选择、补给水处理系统工艺计算、混床的计算、阴床的计算、除碳器的计算、阳床的计算、滤池级澄清池的计算。在计算的公式中需要根据资料中要求的范围选择较为合适的数据。其中每一个过程都有其必须符合的范围，然后与所得到的结果进行比较、校核与计算。锅炉补给水系统是一个连续的系统，每一步的计算是在上一步的基础上进行的，每一部分的选择都必须考虑后续系统（设备）对其出水水质的要求及本身进水水质两方面的因素。最后根据所选的设备及参数画图。

Abstract

Water plant production processes both in the working medium thermal equipment , but also some of the cooling medium , the water quality thermal equipment directly affects the safe operation of the important factors of economic plants , so do the work for the purposes of water treatment plant is important. Water power plant come from the rivers, reservoirs and other water resources,

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these sources contain organics, colloids, dissolved salts and gases and other harmful substances. Some of these salts ( calcium and magnesium ) into the boiler will form the boiler wall of dirt, pipe burst causing serious accidents ; If the salt into the high-pressure steam turbine , will be deposited on the high-pressure nozzle or a turbine blade affect output and efficiency of the steam turbine, the turbine blade fracture caused serious accidents . Therefore, in order to ensure thermodynamic system has good water quality , must be appropriate for the purification of water treatment and strict supervision vapor quality .

Society continues to progress, the demand for electricity is also increasing , with the construction of large-scale fire crew continues to expand the scale , people power plant boiler feed water of a higher quality requirements . Water is the main task is to improve water quality or take other measures to eliminate the hazards caused due to poor water quality .

Water treatment system design includes two aspects, one is the reasonable choice of system, two is to perform a systematic process design and calculation. This design finally selected coagulation - clarification - Filtration - a complex bed desalting - mixed bed system. The calculation includes: heating equipment supply water quantity calculation, water treatment system equipment selection, ( ion exchange system selection, type selection and the choice of resin bed, ) pretreatment system selection, supply water treatment system in process calculation, calculation, mixed anion bed calculation,In addition to the calculation of carbon, cation bed filter calculation, secondary clarifier calculation. In the calculation formula according to the data of the scope of the choice is more appropriate data. Each process has to be consistent with the scope, then with the obtained results were compared, checking and calculation. The boiler water supply system is a continuous system, each step is calculated in the previous step is carried out on the basis of, each part of the selection must consider the follow-up system ( equipment ) of the effluent water quality and water quality two factors. Finally, according to the selected equipment and parameter drawing.

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热电厂水处理课程设计

目录

1.设计任务及基本要求 ........................................ 6 1.1设计任务 .............................................. 6 1.2设计资料 .............................................. 6 1.3设计原则 .............................................. 7 2.补给水量计算及水质校核

2.1热力设备补给水量计算 ................................... 7 2.2水分析资料的校核 ....................................... 8 2.2.1阴阳离子的含量的审查 ................................. 9 2.2.2含盐量与溶解固体的校核 ............................... 9 2.2.3 PH的校核 ........................................... 9 2.2.4硬度的校核 ......................................... 10 2.2.5碱度的校核 ......................................... 10 3.补给水处理系统设备选择 ................................... 10 3.1离子交换系统的选择 .................................... 11 3.2预处理系统的选择 ...................................... 12 4.补给水处理系统工艺计算 ................................... 13 4.1补给水处理系统出力的计算 .............................. 14 4.2混床的计算 ........................................... 14

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4.3阴床的计算 ........................................... 18 4.4除碳器的计算 ......................................... 22 4.5阳床的计算 ........................................... 26 4.6滤池及澄清池的计算 .................................... 30 5.箱类选择 ................................................. 35 5.1除盐水箱 ............................................. 35 5.2清水箱 ............................................... 35 5．3除盐水箱 ............................................ 35 6.总结 ..................................................... 36 7.平面布置图说明 ........................................... 36 8.系统布置图说明 ........................................... 37 9.设计总结与思考 ........................................... 37 10.主要参考文献 ........................................... 38

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一、 设计任务及基本要求

1.1 设计任务

设计内容：某电厂锅炉补给水处理工艺设计

1.2 设计资料

（1）机组形式和装机容量为2×300MW，锅炉为2台亚临界压力自然循环汽包炉，额定蒸发量：1025吨/时。 （2）汽水损失：

正常运行时汽水损失及事故状况下汽水损失按规定取值 轴承冷却水系统补充水10吨/时 吹灰及点火燃油系统汽水损失10吨/时 化学及暖通用汽10吨/时 （3）原水水质

设计水源：地表水 提供水源水温：最高25℃ 最低4℃ 水质分析数据：见表1

表1 水质分析结果

水质指标 单位 数据 水质指标 单位 数据

pH值 — 7.53 Mg2+ mg/L 9.88 悬浮固体 mg/L 49.3 Na+ mg/L 8.6 含盐量 mg/L 216 K+ mg/L — 总硬度 mmol/L 2.76 HCO3- mg/L 109.6 全碱度 mmol/L 1.82 SO42- mg/L 36.04 Ca2+ mg/L 38.03 Cl- mg/L 15.6 5

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