虚拟语气笔记i

The subjunctive mood 虚拟语气

英语中的动词可带有三种语气：陈述语气 祈使语气 虚拟语气。陈述语气是用来陈述一个事实或提出一个看法，由否定肯定疑问或感叹等形式。祈使语气是用来表示请求命令激情警告或劝告等。

虚拟语气是动词的一种特殊形式，它表示说话人所说的话不是事实或者是不可能发生的情况而是一种假设愿望怀疑或推测，虚拟语气通常用于以下几种情况。 ⑴用于虚拟条件从句中

1. 表示与现在事实相反时，主句和从句中的谓语动词都要用虚拟语气，从句的动词要用过

去式 如果be只用were 主句would、should、could、might+动原 常用would。

2. 表示与过去事实相反时，主句和从句中的谓语动词都用虚拟语气，从句的动词用过去完

成时态had +p.p 主句用would、should、could、might+have +p.p

If I had (have) time now, I would go with you. If he had seen(see) you yesterday, he would have told(tell)you about it. If I were you ,I would do it in another way.

3. 表示与将来事实相反时，主句和从句中谓语都要用虚拟语气 从句的动词用过去式，should do ，were to do 主句should，would，could，might+do If it rained tomorrow, I would go there. If it should rain tomorrow, I would go there. If it were to rain tomorrow, I would go there.

4. 混合时间条件句 主句和从句不一定用指同一时间的动词也就是说，主句也从句提出的

假设的时间不同,要根据分别加以考虑。

If you had listened (listen) to the doctor, you would recover (recover)now. 5. 含蓄条件句

有时假设的条件 不通过条件从句表示，而含蓄在介词短语或上下文中

Without but for 要不是 常加名词短语 supposing假设= if 也可以引导条件状从 注意：虚拟条件句中if 的省略当虚拟条件句中有动词were ，had，should时，可将if 省略 把were、had、should分别提到主语前构成虚拟条件句中的倒装。 ⑵虚拟语气在某些从句中的应用

1.主语从句中的虚拟语气主语从句通常用于

It is adj 、n、done+ that clause 中，主语从句时否用虚拟语气取决于所用的adj、n、done，用虚拟时，其谓语动词常用should+动词原形，常用的形容词（adjective）有 important、 necessary 、essential、natural、strange、proper，过去分词（done）有：suggested、ordered、required、desired、demanded、proposed、arranged，名词（noun）有：pity、shame. It is a pity / shame that (should) do Sth..

It’s important that we (should) work out a study plan. It’s a pity that I (should) be at school.

It’s demanded that each student (should) sing an English song. It’s impossible that he hand on his homework on time. 2.宾语从句中的虚拟语气

ⅰ.虚拟语气常用在表示愿望、建议、命令、要求的动词后的宾语从句中。

Wish 后的宾语从句①与现在情况相反时动词用过去式 be动词用were was 但多用were。 ②与过去事实相反时，had+ p.p 只有wish在这一条可用could have

done

③与将来事实相反时，用would/should + do （动词原形） He wishes that he was/were a bird.

He wished that he has known the answer then. I wish that I would fly to the moon someday.

另外，would rather、would sooner 、had rather、would as soon （宁愿）后可用同样

的结构。

ⅱ.一个坚持insist，两个命令 order、command，三个建议 suggest、advise、propose，四个

要求 demand、require、desire、request，等动词后的宾语从句，从句中的谓语动词（should）+ do

He demanded that we (should) start off at once.

※ suggest 和 insist 后面的宾语从句应根据不同情况选用陈述语气或虚拟语气

suggest 作建议讲时，用虚拟语气；作使想起、暗示、表明讲时用陈述语气。 His silence suggested that he agreed with my decision.表明 He suggested that I should stick to my decision.建议

Insist 作坚决、要求、坚持主张讲时，用虚拟语气；作坚持、认为讲时用陈述语气。 He insists that doing morning exercises does well to one’s health. He insists that we (should) do morning exercises everyday. 3. 表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气

Suggestion、recommendation、motion、order、proposal、plan、idea、advice、desire、decision、requirement等后面的表语从句和同位语从句常用虚拟语气（should）+ do My order is that we (should) stay where we were.

The suggestion the education (should) be reformed in reasonable. 4. 状语从句中的虚拟语气

as if / as though (好像)引起的状语从句可以用陈述语气表示可能符合事实的情况，也可以用虚拟语气表示事实不符或事实相反的情况，这时从句中的动词的用法和wish 一样。 It looks as if it is (be) clean enough to bathe here. He acts as if he were / was (be) an expert.

5. It’s time that 后面的定语从句中通常也需要虚拟语气表示做某事有点晚了。Time前可用high 修饰以强调。

It’s high time that

定语从句中的谓语动词用过去式或者should + do

6. if only 引导的感叹句 if only 位于句首引起感叹句用虚拟语气，用法同wish。

7. 以 lest 、for fear that、in case （以免）引起的目的状语从句也用虚拟语气，谓语动词

用（should）+ do

He took his raincoat with him lest / for feat that / in case it (should) rain.

Should 常用第一人称，would 各种人称， could 用于情态意义。 陈述自己的看法表请求劝告时，用would、should、could、might + do 固定： prefer（宁可）如表虚拟 sb. (should) do sth.

Would just as soon (宁可) do sth. 与wish 同一用法 that did / had done / would do would rather / had rather 同上

※ 当as though/ as if 主句是过去时 从句常不用虚拟 ※ Look 、seem 从句不用虚拟

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