2011年考研英语基础语法(6)

We heard the news that he had told her.

We heard the news that he had won the game.

2) 定语从句的引导词在从句中充当一定的成分，可作主语、宾语、状语等；而同位语从句中的引导词在从句只起连接作用，不作任何句子成分。 例如：

A plane is a machine that can fly.

The fact that they didn't finish the work has to be faced.

3) 引导定语从句的关联词在从句中作宾语或状语时，可以省略或被其他词代替；而同位语从句的引导词一般不能省略，更不能被代替。 例如：

The news that she heard is true.

The news that she will go abroad is true.

The reason why he was chosen remains unknown.

The idea why he was chosen attracted our attention.

4) 同位语从句与其所修饰的名词之间是一种同位关系，二者之间存在逻辑上的系表关系，可用“主+系+表”结构来表示。 例如：

The news that he won the first place is true. 上句若用“主+系+表”结构来表示，则是：

5) 定语从句所修饰、限定的先行词可以是各类名词，可以有复数形式；而同位语从句一般都与抽象名词同位，一般没有复数形式。 例如：

The possibilities that she was offered seemed very great.

Her mother was worried about the possibility that her daughter dislike to go to school.

6) 由when, why, where引导的定语从句分别修饰或说明表示时间、原因或地点的词，但它们引导的同位语从句一般不和表示时间或地点的词同位。 例如：

I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing。

I have no idea when she will be back.

This is the house where I lived two years ago.

The question where we shall have a meeting hasn't decided.

如果在定语从句与同位语从句的学习中能把握住上述几种区别，那么在阅读文章时，就会迎刃而解，收到更好的效果。

五）名词从句的复杂“嵌套”

一个句子可能含有多个名词从句，形成嵌套结构，遇到时要仔细分析句子结构。 例如：

I realized that what I said was not exactly what I meant to say. The question is how what you have learned can be put into practice.

有时，这种名词从句的嵌套结构还带有定语从句的修饰。 例如：

No one is in the least interested in the marks a little child gets on his test; what we are interested in is whether we can conclude from his mark on the test that the child will do better or worse than other children of his age at tasks which we think require “general intelligence”. (1992)

名词性从句部分练习

1. ____ I want to know is ____ it is worth doing. A. What; that B. What; whether C. That; why D. That; what 2. ____ visits the Great Wall will be struck by it. A. Anyone B. Each C. Whoever D. Everybody

3. ____ the workers insisted on was that they ____ more pay. A. That; must be given B. What; should give C. Whether; would be given D. What; be given 4. She asked ____.

A. what I was doing when she rang me up B. What was I doing when she rang me up C. When she rang me up what was I doing D. When did she ring me up what I was doing 5. Writing stories and articles ____ I enjoy most. A. is that B. are that

C. is what D. have been what 6. ____ he told us is a ____.

A. That; lay B. Which; true C. What; lie D. Whose; truth 7. It was not until the headmaster came ____. A. and so the students got down to work B. did the students get down to work C. that the students got down to work D. then the students got down to work 8. --- ____ you did?

--- No, as a matter of fact I didn’t need to.

A. Is that what B. Is what that C. What is that D. Is that which

9. She is pleased with ____ you have given her and all ____ you have told. A. that; that B. what; which C. what; that D. all; what

10. They expressed the hope ____ they would come over to visit China again. A. which B. that

C. whether D. for which

（三）状语从句

在主句中担任状语的从句，叫做状语语从句（Adverbial Clause）；它是由从属连词将几个分句连接起来，来表达分句之间特定的逻辑关系。

状语从句的引导词主要有： 副词从句种类 常用连词 特殊连词 时间状语从句 1. 一些时间名词：一些副词：instantly, immediately, directly 2. 固定搭配的连词：no sooner?than, hardly?when, scarcely?when wherever, anywhere, everywhere seeing that, considering that, now that, given that, in that, in as much as, in so much as lest, for fear that, in case, in the hope that, on purpose that, for the purpose that, to the end that such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that, to such an extent that suppose, supposing, providing, provided, on condition that, so long as, as long as while, as（用于倒装结构）, whether?or, wh-ever: whatever, whoever, whichever, however, whenever, wherever as + adj. + as +主谓结构（用在句首） the more?,the more?; just as?,so?; A is to B what/as C is to D; no more?than; not A so much as B / not so much A as B 地点状语从句 原因状语从句 目的状语从句 结果状语从句 条件状语从句 让步状语从句 比较状语从句 方式状语从句

一）时间状语从句

据主句和从句的时间关系，时间状语从句可分为主句和从句同时发生，主句发生在从句之前，主句发生在从句之后和主句在从句之后立刻发生四种情形。 1.

主句和从句同时发生，由when, whenever（每当）, while , as（常用语口语，强调同一时间）等引导，意为“当??时候”。

1）when表一个特定时间（at that time），从句可置于主句之前或之后。 例如：

When he was still a young man, he was forced to leave his homeland for political reasons. You are using energy even when you are asleep.

(1) when引导的从句可用一般现在时表将来。例如： See you when I get back.

(2) 在从句中如用现在完成时则表示将来的过去，即主句从句均为将来，但从句发生在将来之前。

例如：When you have finished, please fold the map and out it away.

(3) 如从句用过去完成时，则主句用一般过去时。

例如：When she had finished listening to the news, she turned off the radio.

(4) 考研真题分析：

Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him. (1991)

Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores, and this is especially true when it comes to classroom tests. (1998)

On a rainy day I was driving north through Vermont when I noticed a young man holding up a sign reading “Boston”. (2000)

2）while表一段时间（during that time），从句可置于主句之前或之后。

(1) while所引导的从句常用延续性动词的进行时态。 例如：

I hurt it while I was doing gym.

(2) while所引导的从句常与系动词be连用表状态。 例如：

Your friends are coming to stay in your house for one week while you and your family are away on holiday.

(3) 考研真题分析：

The phenomenon provides a way for companies to remain globally competitive while avoiding

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