Unit 4 词汇学案 1. decrease v. 减少，（使）变小，变少 n. 减少，降低，减少的数量 increase v. 增加，增长，增强 n. 增加，增加的数量 短语:
decrease (sth) to / by 减少到/ 了? increase (sth) to / by 增加到/ 了? on the decrease / increase 在减少 / 增加 an increase in? (在某方面) 增加 a rise in ?(在某方面) 增加 a decrease in ?(在某方面) 减少 辨析： reduce / decrease
reduce 强调在“数量，大小，程度或强度”方面下降或减少. decrease 侧重强调“稳定地，逐渐地，不断地”减少. 2.suggest
vt. 提出，提议，建议： suggest (one’s) doing sth suggest that sb (should) do sth It is suggested that sb (should) do sth 表明 suggest that + 真实语气 suggest sth to sb
类似结构：explain / introduce/ announce sth to sb suggestion (cn) 建议 3. affect vt.
1) 影响The amount of rain affects the growth of crops. 雨量影响作物的生长。
2) 侵袭;感染Diseases affect almost everyone at some time during their lives.生活中几乎每个
人都会生病。
3) 使感动 I was deeply affected by his words. 我被他的话深深感动。 effect n. 影响
have (an)/much/little… effect on … 对…有影响 His advice had much effect on me. sth take effect / come into effect vi.…开始生效 These measures took effect.
bring/carry sth into effect vt. 使…生效 They brought /took the measures into effect. sth be of no effect ……无效果 These measures are of no effect.
without effect无效果 4. appreciate v.
1) 欣赏；赏识 appreciate sb. / sth.
His talents are not fully appreciated in that company.他的才华在那家公司没有得到充分赏识。 2) 感激 appreciate (one’s) doing sth
I really appreciate having time to relax with you on this nice island. We would appreciate you helping me to solve the problem. appreciate it if /when……
I would appreciate it if you could help me. appreciation n. 欣赏；赏识 / 感激
辨析：appreciate 和 thank (都为“感激”，但所加宾语不同)
appreciate sth
(one’s ) doing sth it if / when……
thank sb for (doing) sth 5.include 1）(部分)包括 The price includes postage charges.
Your duties will include typing letters and answer the telephone. 2） 把... 列入\\ 使成为...的一部分 Please include me in the list.
You should include some examples in your essay. 你应该在文章中举一些例子 常见考点： including + n. = n. + included
There are 56 students in the classroom, including me. There are 56 students in the classroom, me included. 辨析 contain \\ include (用法见上)
contain 1）包含 The book contains all the information you need. 2） 含有 This kind of fruit contains a lot of vitamins. 3）容纳(=hold) The room can contain 500 people. 4）装有 The basket contains a variety of fruits.
6. die out 灭绝 The old traditions are dying out. 旧传统正在逐渐消失。 die off 相继死亡 The members of the family have all died off. 这家人一个个都去世了。
This kind of plants are dying off. Some day they will die out forever. 这种植物正相继死亡。将有一天它们会永远灭绝的
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die away （尤指声音，风，光等）逐渐消失 The breeze has died away. 微风逐渐止住了。 The noise of the car died away in the distance. 汽车的声音逐渐消失在远方。
die down 逐渐平息 These rumours will soon die down. 这些谣言不久就会平息。 die of 死于.... (由疾病，饥寒，情感等内因造成的死亡)
die from 死于... (由外因导致的死亡) Unfortunately, the soldier died from a wound in the chest. die for 渴望；很想 I’m dying for something to eat.
die to do sth 渴望做... I have long been dying to have my own company. 6. protect...from/against...=shelter...from...保护...免受... defend...from/against...保卫...以抵御...
Troops have been sent to defend their country from enemies. 辨析：
keep...from doing=stop/prevent...(from) doing 阻止...做某事 keep sb doing 使某人一直做某事
练习：Use the umbrella to ___________yourself from the rain.(prevent,protect,defend,keep) 7.come 短语
come into being=come into existence 形成；产生（不用被动和进行时） We don’t know when the world came into being. come into effect/force/operation 开始生效 come into power 上台执政 come into fashion 开始流行 come into office 就职 come into action 开始行动 8.before常考句式： ①过多长时间才会...
________________________________________________________________ ②过了多长时间就...
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