30KW光伏并网发电系统研究

本科生毕业设计说明书（毕业论文）

题 目：

30KW光伏并网发电系统研究

（并网逆变器部分）

30KW光伏并网发电系统研究（并网逆变器部分）

摘 要

光伏并网发电技术是当今世界光伏发电的趋势，发展光伏并网发电技术对于缓解常规能源的短缺和减少环境污染具有重要作用。因此，中小容量的光伏建筑一体化式的光伏并网系统由于其投资少、效率高、可靠性高等特点，已越来越受关注和重视。光伏阵列设计和并网逆变器控制是整个光伏并网发电系统的关键。本文对其进行了较为深入的研究，具有重要的现实意义。

首先，本文介绍了光伏并网发电系统在国内外的现状和发展以及有关太阳能光伏技术与建筑一体化的发展前景，并简单介绍了光伏发电并网系统的结构和组成部分。

其次，本文论述了光伏电池的工作原理及工作特性，对几种最大功率点跟踪(MPPT)控制算法进行了分析和比较。基于30KW的光伏并网发电系统，对光伏阵列进行具体设计，得出所需的光伏电池组件数量及建筑面积。

随后，重点讲述了并网逆变器的原理、作用和选型，确定出本文所设计系统逆变器的具体参数。利用MATLAB/SIMULINK对整个系统进行仿真和分析。

最后，选用DSP中的芯片TMS320LF2407A对光伏并网发电系统进行软件设计，详细介绍了SPWM的调制技术和软件锁相环技术，并编译了系统部分控制功能程序。

关键词：光伏发电系统；最大功率点跟踪(MPPT)；并网逆变器；MATLAB仿真；DSP

I

Research on 30 KW Grid-Connected Photovoltaic System

(Inverter Part) Abstract

Grid-connected photovoltaic system is the trend of PV power technology in today's world. The development of photovoltaic power generation technology for the mitigation of the shortage of conventional energy sources and reducing environmental pollution has an important role. As its low investment, high efficiency, high reliability, the Medium-capacity photovoltaic BIPV grid-based system is focused increasingly. The design of PV arrays and control of the inverter is the key throughout the grid-connected PV systems. This article tries to have a more in-depth study, so it has important practical significance.

Firstly, this article describes the PV power system status and development at domestic and foreign as well as the Solar BIPV development prospects. And it also briefly describes the structure and components of PV Grid System.

Secondly, this article discusses the working principle and characteristics of PV cells. Several MPPT control algorithm is analyzed and compared. Based on 30 KW grid-connected photovoltaic systems, this article has a concrete design for the PV arrays. And it gets the number of PV cells and construction area.

Then, this article mainly describes the principle, role and selection of the inverter. And the parameter of the inverter is specific determined. At the same time, this article uses MATLAB/ SIMULINK to simulate and analyze the whole system.

Finally, TMS320LF2407A is used on software design in grid-connected PV system. This section details the modulation of SPWM and SPLL technology. And some programs of Control System is compiled.

II

Key words: Grid-connected PV system; maximum power point tracking (MPPT); inverter; MATLAB Simulation；DSP

III

目 录

摘 要 ......................................................................................................................................... I Abstract ...................................................................................................................................... II 目 录 ...................................................................................................................................... IV 第一章 绪 论 ............................................................................................................................ 1

1.1 光伏并网发电技术的研究背景.................................................................................. 1 1.2 太阳能光伏技术与建筑一体化概述 .......................................................................... 5 1.3 光伏并网发电系统简介 ............................................................................................. 6 第二章 光伏电池特性和最大功率跟踪控制 ........................................................................... 8

2.1 光伏电池的基本原理及工作特性.............................................................................. 8

2.1.1 光伏电池的基本原理及分类 ........................................................................... 8 2.1.2 影响光伏电池效率的因素............................................. 错误！未定义书签。 2.1.3 光伏电池的等效电路及输出特性 ................................. 错误！未定义书签。 2.2 最大功率点跟踪控制 ............................................................... 错误！未定义书签。 第三章 30KW并网系统中光伏阵列的具体设计 ................................................................. 10

3.1 光伏阵列设计的基本原理及计算公式 .................................................................... 11

3.1.1 光伏阵列设计的基本原理[9] ......................................................................... 11 3.1.2 光伏阵列尺寸的计算公式............................................................................. 12 3.2 本系统的光伏阵列的具体设计................................................ 错误！未定义书签。 第四章 系统的主电路设计及工作原理................................................................................. 13

4.1 并网逆变器的工作原理 ........................................................................................... 13

4.1.1 前级DC-DC升压电路工作原理[10] .............................................................. 14 4.1.2 后级DC-AC逆变电路工作原理 .................................................................. 16

IV

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